精神分裂症首次发病未用药患者认知功能的改变

目的:探讨精神分裂症首次发病未用药患者认知功能改变的相关性。方法:124例首发未治疗精神分裂症患者为研究组,同期健康体检者60名作为对照组,采用MCCB、Stoop色词测验对两组的认知功能进行评价,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评估症状。结果:研究组患者认知功能各项评分均显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);相关因素分析结果显示,首发未治疗精神病患者MCCB总分、Stroop色词测验与患者受教育年限呈正相关,与PANSS总分及各因子分呈负相关;数字广度测试与教育年限呈正相关;与阳性症状分、PANSS总分成负相关。回归分析表明精神分裂症患者认知功能与受教育年限及PANSS总分相关。结论:首发未治疗精神分裂症患者认知功能明显低于正常人,且患者的认知受损程度和其精神病症状有关。     

首发及慢性精神分裂症患者自知力影响因素分析

目的:探讨首发和慢性精神分裂症患者自知力的影响因素。方法:46例首次发病精神分裂症患者(首发组)及140例慢性精神分裂症患者(慢性组)的人口学及临床资料,并分别于入院及出院时进行阳性与阴性症状量表(PANSS)和自知力与治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)评估;分析影响患者自知力的因素。结果:首发组年龄、病程及本次住院时间与慢性组比较差异有统计学意义(P均0.05);两组治疗前PANSS评分及治疗前后PANSS评分变化值比较差异无统计学意义;治疗前ITAQ总分首发组明显低于慢性组(P0.01);治疗后两组间ITAQ变化值比较差异无统计学意义。以ITAQ评分变化值为因变量,首发组PANSS中阳性症状及阴性症状分变化值、住院时间及治疗前的自知力进入回归模型(P0.05或P0.001);慢性组中患者治疗前的自知力及PANSS中阴性症状和阳性症状评分变化值进入回归模型(P均0.01)。结论:控制临床症状是改善首发和慢性精神分裂症患者自知力的主要影响因素;适当延长住院时间可能有助于首发患者自知力恢复。     

精神分裂症患者住院天数对自知力的影响

目的探讨住院时间长短对精神分裂症患者出院时的自知力影响。方法在广州市脑科医院连续入组且符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症诊断标准的住院患者265例,采用阳性和阴性症状量表(PANSS)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)分别测评患者的精神症状和自知力。采用相关性分析及线性回归分析探索自知力和治疗态度的影响因素。结果本组患者住院天数中位数为61(35~97)天,出院时ITAQ评分(11.1±5.8)分。PANSS各分量表、总评分及住院天数与ITAQ评分均有相关性(P0.05)。线性回归分析显示PANSS阳性症状、阴性症状和住院1年以上是自知力的危险因素(B=-0.403,-0.232,-2.979,P0.05),住院天数对ITAQ的解释度仅为1.9%。结论患者出院时的自知力主要受精神症状影响,住院时间长短对自知力的影响不大,适度缩短精神分裂症患者住院天数对自知力恢复可能不会产生负面影响。     

精神分裂症、双相障碍和单相抑郁障碍患者自知力比较

目的探讨精神分裂症、双相障碍及单相抑郁障碍患者自知力的差异、影响因素及自知力与诊断的关系。方法在广州市惠爱医院连续入组符合《国际疾病分类(第10版)》(ICD-10)精神分裂症、双相躁狂、双相抑郁、单相抑郁诊断标准的住院患者395例,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、自知力和治疗态度问卷(ITAQ)分别评定患者的临床症状和自知力水平,通过协方差分析方法进行症状严重程度及自知力水平比较,采用多元逐步线性回归分析比较入院时各因素对自知力的影响。结果入院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组的ITAQ总评分分别为(5.66±0.39)分、(5.95±0.50)分、(9.73±0.95)分、(9.36±0.94)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=8.40,P0.01)。出院时精神分裂症组、双相躁狂组、双相抑郁组、单相抑郁组ITAQ总评分分别为(12.27±0.38)分、(14.46±0.49)分、(13.64±0.94)分、(12.98±0.92)分,四组比较差异有统计学意义(F=4.32,P=0.005)。多元逐步线性回归分析显示,入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别均为自知力变化的影响因素(β=-0.405、2.103、-1.482,P均0.05)。结论住院精神障碍患者在急性期,自知力水平变化与疾病谱系变化存在相关性。随着疾病谱系的发展,抑郁障碍、双相情感障碍、精神分裂症患者的自知力缺损程度逐渐加重。此外,自知力的变化受入院时自知力水平、诊断、性别等诸多因素的影响。     

精神分裂症患者自知力与内在耻感的相关性研究(英文)

背景精神分裂症患者自知力和内在耻感的关系具有理论和实践上的重要性,因为这和患者寻找或接受治疗的意愿密切相关。目的研究中国大陆精神分裂症患者自知力和内在耻感的关系。方法共有65例住院治疗的精神分裂症患者和27例门诊治疗的精神分裂症患者(病程的中位数为4年)完成了两个中文版自评量表-精神疾病内在耻感量表(Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness,ISMI)和修订版病耻感经历问卷(Modified Consumer Experiences of Stigma Questionnaire,MCESQ)的测评。由高年资精神科医生采用阳性症状量表(Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms,SAPS)和阴性症状量表(Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms,SANS)评定了患者的精神病理症状。由两位高年资精神科医生采用简明精神病学量表中文版的自知力条目评定患者对自身精神疾病的认知,依据分数将患者分为有自知力组和无自知力组。结果有自知力组有49例患者,无自知力组为43例。无自知力患者的病程显著短于有自知力组,更可能为住院治疗者,并且具有更明显的阴性和阳性症状(仅仅表现在趋势上)。有自知力组患者在精神疾病内在耻感量表疏离分量表得分上显著高于无自知力组的患者,但是两个量表的其他分量表得分组间无统计学差异。两个量表48个条目中仅有4个条目得分存在组间差异。Logistic回归没有发现无自知力和两个耻感量表分数或症状量表得分之间存在相关性。结论在中国大陆精神分裂症门诊与住院患者中进行的本研究不支持以前的研究发现:即有自知力的精神分裂症患者会报告更多的耻感经历。本研究使用的耻感量表在中国地区的应用还需要进一步的修订和证实;未来需要对下列问题进行研究:选择不同诊断的患者、对自知力进行更精细的评估以及随时间推移自知力及病耻感经历的波动等等,进一步澄清精神分裂症患者中这两个现象间的复杂关系。     

慢性精神分裂症患者的抑郁症状研究

目的:了解慢性精神分裂症患者的抑郁症状及其相关的影响因素。方法:对180名住院慢性精神分裂症患者测试卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS)、阳性症状量表(SAPS)、阴性症状量表(SANS)、治疗中出现的症状量表(TESS)及自编的相关因素调查表。结果:慢性精神分裂症患者的抑郁症状发生率为40.6%;有无抑郁发生的两组比较,在总病程、住院次数、文化程度、家庭经济水平、社会支持、自知力恢复及药物种类、剂量、时间及不良反应、阳性阴性症状和合并躯体疾病等方面差异有显著性。Logistic回归分析显示,精神分裂症患者出现抑郁症状的相关影响因素依次为:阴性症状、合并躯体疾病、抗精神病药的种类、社会支持、自知力及药物不良反应。结论:慢性精神分裂症患者抑郁症状发生率高、影响因素多,需从多方面对精神分裂症患者的抑郁进行预防和治疗。     

团体绘画治疗对康复期精神分裂症住院患者阴性症状、社会功能和自知力的治疗效果

目的 探讨团体绘画治疗对康复期精神分裂症住院患者阴性症状、社会功能和自知力的 治疗效果。方法 选取 2023 年 2— 8 月在武汉市精神卫生中心睡眠障碍病区和康养病区住院的 130 例 康复期精神分裂症患者作为研究对象。采用随机数字表法分为对照组（n=65）和研究组（n=65）,分别实 施常规治疗护理和联合团体绘画治疗。在干预前和干预 4 个月后,采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、 社会功能缺陷筛选量表（SDSS）和自知力及治疗态度测量问卷（ITAQ）比较两组患者临床症状、社会功 能和对疾病的自知力情况。结果 共 125 例患者完成研究,其中研究组 63 例、对照组 62 例。两组患 者干预前 PANSS 各分量表、SDSS 和 ITAQ 评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞ 0.05）。对照组患者干预后 PANSS 阴性症状分量表评分低于干预前,差异有统计学意义（P＜ 0.01）。研究组患者干预后 PANSS 阴性 症状分量表、SDSS 评分低于对照组和干预前,ITAQ 评分高于对照组和干预前,差异均有统计学意义（均 P＜ 0.01）。结论 团体绘画治疗有助于改善康复期精神分裂症住院患者的阴性症状、社会功能和自 知力。     

双相障碍缓解期残留症状自评与他评的一致性研究

目的:探讨双相障碍(BD)缓解期残留症状自评与他评的一致性.方法:收集240例经过急性期治疗有效的BD患者人口学资料、疾病临床特征;分别于急性期治疗后(基线)及此后的3个月和6个月时采用抑郁症状快速评估量表(QIDS-SR16)、心境障碍问卷(MDQ)自评方式与汉密尔顿抑郁量表17项(HAMD-17)、杨氏躁狂量表(Y...     

阴性症状自评量表中文版的效度和信度检验

目的 考察阴性症状自评量表（SNS）中文版的效度和信度，为精神分裂症患者阴性症状 的评定提供有效和实用的新工具。方法 选取符合美国精神障碍诊断与统计手册第4 版（DSM- Ⅳ）诊断 标准的住院精神分裂症患者120 例，进行认知功能成套测验（MCCB）的评定，选取认知功能保存相对完 好（总分≥ 40 分）的患者79 例，进行SNS、简明阴性症状量表（BNSS）、阳性与阴性症状评估量表（PANSS） 及卡尔加里抑郁量表（CDSS）评定，来评估量表的结构效度、关联效度和内部一致性信度；2 周后，随机 选取其中30 例患者进行重测。结果 探索性因子分析抽取主观体验缺损和情感表达缺损2 个因子，共 解释总方差的72.56%。效度分析表明，SNS 总分与BNSS 总分、PANSS 阴性症状分、PANSS 总分正相关 （r=0.36、0.26、0.30，P＜ 0.05），各维度分与BNSS总分正相关（r=0.25～0.37，均P＜ 0.05）。量表内部一致 性系数为0.88，各维度内部一致性系数介于0.58～0.76；量表重测信度（ICC）为0.79，各维度的ICC分别 为0.42、0.82、0.41、0.81、0.34（P＜ 0.01）。结论 阴性症状自评量表中文版具备较好的心理计量学特征， 可以用于临床量化评估具备一定认知功能的精神分裂症患者的阴性症状。     

公安消防部队战士心理健康状况调查

目的探讨消防战士心理健康状况．方法应用SCL90症状自评量表,对某公安消防支队143人施测,其中士官49人,义务兵49人,分别统计出士官、义务兵SCL-90各因子分阳性个体发生率,同时将士官与义务兵SCL-90结果进行比较,并将总体与全国常模进行比较。结果士官、义务兵的阳性个体发生率较高,其SCL-90各因子结果比较无显着差异,消防战士SCL-90各因子分与全国常模比较差异显着,消防战士在躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、偏执、精神病性各因子均显着高于全国常模。结论目前消防战士心理健康水平较差,心理问题应当引起关注。     

Depressive,positive, negative and parkinsonian symptomsin schizophrenia

OBJECTIVE: Depressive symptoms are common in schizophrenia but their relationship to the positive and negative symptoms of the disorder and to extrapyramidal side-effects remains unclear.Considerable overlap exists between these symptom clusters when rated with traditional clinical rating scales. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of depressive to positive, negative and parkinsonian symptoms using the recent adaptation of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). METHOD: The study involved the cross-sectional measurement of symptoms in a sample of community-treated and hospitalized patients with schizophrenia. Structured assessment included thePANSS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Extrapyramidal Side Effects Rating Scale (ESRS). RESULTS: Depressive symptoms were common and correlated with positive and negative symptoms. These correlations were of a similar magnitude using either the original PANSS factor structure or the newer pentagonal model. The overlap between depressive and negative symptoms was limited to certain items in the rating scales and there was a clear separation between these symptom clusters and the other items. Parkinsonian symptoms also correlated with negative symptoms rated with either PANSS model. CONCLUSION: Use of the pentagonal PANSS model does not improve its capacity to distinguish between depressive and negative symptoms. Positive, negative, parkinsonian and depressive symptoms overlap using common rating scales but there appears to be some separation between these symptom domains when rated with individual scale items rather than total scale scores.     

A forced five-dimensional factor analysis and concurrent validity of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in Mexican schizophrenic patients

The heterogeneity of schizophrenic symptomatology is well documented. The positive-negative distinction is limited to cover the entire spectrum of schizophrenic psychopathology in order to describe the various clinical aspects of the disorder. METHOD: We recruited 150 schizophrenic patients between May 2002 and September 2003. Diagnoses were based on a structured clinical interview. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate general psychopathology and symptom severity. For the concurrent validity of the pentagonal model of the PANSS, the BPRS, the CDSS, the OAS and the MMSE were used. RESULTS: The forced five-factor principal-component analysis explained 53.4% of the total variance. There were significant correlations between the clinical rating scales and the five components of the PANSS. DISCUSSION: Our data support a pentagonal model underlying the multidimensional schizophrenic symptomatology as assessed by the PANSS. The five-factor structure of the PANSS in Mexican schizophrenic patients enables further elucidation of the various clinical aspects of schizophrenia.     

奥氮平治疗难治性精神分裂症临床观察

目的：评价奥氮平对难治性精神分裂症的疗效与不良反应。方法：对难治性精神分裂症80例换用奥氮平治疗24周。用阳性症状和阴性症状量表(PANSS)评定疗效，用副反应量表(TESS)及锥体外系副反应量表(ESRS)评定不良反应。结果：PANSS量表总分及各分量表评分疗后均有显著下降。最常见的不良反应是体重增加。结论：奥氮平对难治性精神分裂症疗效肯定，不良反应较轻。     

Insight into current symptoms of schizophrenia. Association with frontal cortical function and affect

OBJECTIVE: Examine whether frontal lobe dysfunction or affective experiences correlates with lack of symptom awareness in schizophrenia. METHOD: A total of 122 consecutive adult schizophrenia outpatients were assessed cross-sectionally with standard rating scales of psychopathology and of insight, and underwent neuropsychological assessment with a battery of tests sensitive to frontal lobe dysfunction. Correlational analyses were used to determine relationships between variables. RESULTS: About 62% of patients had at least partial awareness of symptoms. Anxiety correlated modestly with insight into the abnormal nature of positive and negative symptoms. No cognitive variable was significantly correlated with symptom awareness. CONCLUSION: The pathological nature of symptoms is better recognized by patients who experience dysphoric affect. Neither severity of psychotic symptoms nor frontal lobe cognitive deficits correlates to symptom awareness. Lack of insight, which can be partial for symptoms of the illness, might be a non-reducible symptom of schizophrenia.     

Insight in first episode psychosis: who is measuring what?

Aims: To compare different self‐administered or clinician‐rated insight scales in an FEP population. Methods: A self‐administered measure (Beck Cognitive Insight Scale – BCIS) and clinician‐rated scales (Scale of Unawareness of Mental Disorder – SUMD and Positive And Negative Symptoms Scale – PANSS‐G12 insight item) were completed by 38 patients with a diagnosis of FEP. Results: The scales had good internal consistency and only the clinician‐rated scales were intercorrelated (SUMD – awareness of mental disorder and PANSS‐G12 items (r = 0.657, P < 0.001)). Moreover, we observed a significant association of SUMD and PANSS positive and general subscales and a trend association for BCIS and PANSS negative subscale. Conclusion: Differential associations observed between insight and symptoms may suggest different clinical predictive values for each measure. Our results suggest the necessity to qualify the term ‘insight’ when discussing research results, most notably with respect to who is rating and what aspect of insight is being rated.     

Does premorbid IQ have a pathoplastic effect on symptom presentation in schizophrenic and bipolar disorders?

INTRODUCTION: The poor premorbid IQ has been considered as a predisposing factor for the development of schizophrenia and other psychoses as well as predictive of poor long-term outcome. We hypothesise that premorbid IQ could influence symptom expression during an index episode (i.e. a short-term outcome). AIM OF THE STUDY: We studied 48 patients with schizophrenic disorder and 56 with bipolar disorder during an 'index episode' using the test di intelligenza breve (TIB) for the premorbid IQ evaluation, and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS). RESULTS: Using the premorbid IQ as a criterion variable (i.e. low versus high IQ groups) the one-way ANOVA analysis showed that low IQ schizophrenic patients had more PANSS positive symptoms and "thought disturbances" than both high and low IQ bipolars. The low IQ schizophrenic patients showed more cognitive symptoms than bipolar patients with high IQ. Furthermore, no PANSS differences were seen between high IQ schizophrenics and low IQ bipolars. In the total and bipolar groups the correlation coefficients between TIB scores and PANSS scales reached statistical significance for the cognitive cluster only. No correlations were seen in the schizophrenic group. CONCLUSION: This categorisation (i.e. low versus high IQ) adds clinically relevant knowledge to patients who, in spite of having similar symptom profile (i.e. high IQ schizophrenic patients and low IQ bipolar patients), fall into different diagnostic categories.     

齐拉西酮与利培酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状疗效的对照研究

目的：观察齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者阴性症状的疗效和安全性。方法：将68例以阴性症状为主的住院精神分裂症患者随机分为齐拉西酮组（34例）与利培酮组（34例）,疗程8周。采用阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果：齐拉西酮组疗效（67.7%）与利培酮组（62.5%）差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。两组不良反应发生率（38.7%,43.8%）差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：齐拉西酮治疗精神分裂症阴性症状的疗效及安全性与利培酮相当。     

精神分裂症儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶功能基因多态性研究

目的 :分析儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶 (COMT)功能基因多态性与精神分裂症患者精神症状严重程度和抗精神病药急性期治疗疗效的相关性。　方法 :采用多聚酶链反应 限制性内切酶片断长度多态性技术 (PCR RFLP)方法分析 138例首次治疗的精神分裂症患者COMT基因缬氨酸 (Val) 15 8蛋氨酸(Met)功能多态性 ;采用阳性症状和阴性症状量表 (PANSS)评定患者治疗前后精神症状 ,并分析等位基因和基因型与临床指标、治疗前PANSS分值及治疗 10周后PANSS减分率的相关性。　结果 :COMTVal15 8Met基因型在患者组和男女亚组的分布频率均符合Hardy Weinberg定律 ;等位基因和基因型在治疗显效组和未显著进步组分布频率差异均无显著性 ;各基因型亚组及是否携带Met等位基因亚组的临床指标差异均无显著性 ;基因型与治疗前PANSS总分和阴性症状分显著相关 ,而与PANSS总减分率和各分值减分率无显著相关。　结论 :COMTVal/Val基因型主要与首次治疗精神分裂症患者阴性症状相关 ,支持COMTVal等位基因是精神分裂症脑前额皮质多巴胺功能低下的遗传影响因子的研究发现。     

Gender differences in premorbid adjustment of patients with first episode psychosis

Gender differences in premorbid adjustment, clinical presentation, and longitudinal course have been considered increasingly in explanatory models of psychotic disorders, such as the schizophrenias. Indeed, findings of a male propensity to poor premorbid adjustment, negative and non-affective symptoms, and poor outcome relative to their female counterparts, has led to suggestions that males are more prone to an early-onset dementia praecox type of schizophrenic disorder.The current study investigated a sample of 38 male and 20 female patients presenting with their first episode of psychosis (broadly defined, but excluding obvious drug-induced disorders) from a defined catchment area population, which had been systematically ascertained without prejudice to diagnostic subtype or illness duration. The study investigated gender, diagnosis and interaction of gender and diagnosis on differences within the three developmental age categories of childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence, to identify where, within these age categories, differences lie. The second part of the study was to investigate the relationship between premorbid adjustment, gender, and psychopathology as measured by the PANSS and SCL-90.General linear modelling revealed that males were reported to have had poorer premorbid adjustment in late adolescence when compared to females, notably in items examining school performance, adaptation to school, social interests and sociosexual development. Males were observed to have higher levels of negative symptoms but not for positive or general symptoms on the PANSS. This finding is independent from the effect of diagnosis or of the interaction effect between gender and diagnosis on premorbid adjustment. There were no gender effects for the self reported global indices on the SCL-90. The results suggest that in comparison with their female counterparts, males who develop a psychotic illness have significantly poorer premorbid adjustment at the late adolescent stage and that this may contribute to higher levels of negative symptoms.     

The relationship between insight and symptoms in schizophrenia

We examined the relationship between insight and the positive, negative, active, dysphoric, and autistic dimensions of symptoms in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Ninety-six patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed using the Scale to Assess Unawareness of Mental Disorder, Revised Version (SUMD-R) and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). The PANSS data were analyzed based on a five-factor model defined by White et al (1997). The percentage of patients having a lack of awareness was 32.7% for illness, 58.2% for symptoms, 18.4% for treatment response, and 41.8% for social consequences. Lack of awareness of symptoms was significantly correlated with all five symptom factors. Lack of awareness of the illness and its social consequences was only correlated with the positive dimension. Lack of awareness of achieved effects of medication was correlated with the autistic preoccupation factor. There was no correlation between current misattributions for symptoms and PANSS factors. We conclude that poor insight is a common feature of schizophrenia and has a complex relationship to other symptoms of the illness. Our results suggest that (1) unawareness of symptoms is related to severity of illness; (2) insight into illness and its social consequences is more closely tied to positive symptoms than other aspects of insight; and (3) insight into the effects of medication is more closely related to cognitive impairment. Treatment studies that measure insight could answer the question of whether these deficits in awareness improve along with positive and cognitive symptoms.