急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱研究

目的研究基底节区急性脑梗死患者脑组织磁共振波谱(MRS)的改变。方法应用MRS检测50例一侧基底节区梗死患者(脑梗死组)及50例其他疾病患者(对照组)双侧基底节区的N-乙酰天冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)、肌酸复合物(Cr)和乳酸(Lac)水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值。结果脑梗死组病灶侧Cho及Cr水平均显著低于非病灶侧(均P<0.05),NAA、Lac水平及NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr比值的差异无统计学意义。脑梗死组病灶侧及非病灶侧Cho、NAA及Cr水平均明显低于对照组病灶对应区(P<0.001～0.05),而Lac水平明显高于对照组病灶对应区(均P<0.05)。与对照组病灶对应区比较,脑梗死组病灶侧Cho/Cr比值显著升高,非病灶侧NAA/Cr比值显著降低(均P<0.05)。结论基底节区梗死急性期病灶侧及对侧脑组织均有明显的代谢障碍,且病灶区代谢异常较对侧更明显。     

颈内动脉狭窄性短暂性脑缺血发作的磁共振波谱研究

目的 利用磁共振波谱(1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, 1H-MRS)探讨单侧颈内动脉(internal carotid artery, ICA)重度狭窄或闭塞性短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack, TIA)的脑代谢改变.方法 28例经数字减影血管造影(digital subtraction angiography, DSA)证实为单侧ICA重度狭窄或闭塞性TIA患者,应用3.0T MRI行1H-MRS检查, 测量患侧和对侧大脑半球半卵圆中心的代谢物氮-乙酰天门冬氨酸(N-acetylaspartate, NAA)、胆碱(choline, Cho)、肌酸(creatine, Cr)的波峰下面积,比较两侧各代谢物峰下面积比值NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr的差异,并观察有无乳酸(lactate, Lac)峰.结果 28例单侧ICA重度狭窄或闭塞的TIA患者,1H-MRS显示患侧半卵圆中心的NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值显著低于病变对侧(P＜0.05),Cho/Cr比值显著高于病变对侧(P＜0.05),5例患者于患侧出现Lac峰.结论 1H-MRS能够早期发现ICA重度狭窄或闭塞性TIA患者的脑代谢异常, 对于早期治疗和判断预后具有重要价值.     

磁共振波谱分析在脑胶质瘤分级中的应用价值

目的分析氢质子磁共振波谱(~1H-MRS)分析在脑胶质瘤分级中的应用价值。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-06收治的经术后病理或活组织病理检查确诊的36例脑胶质瘤患者的临床资料,均行常规磁共振(MRI)及~1H-MRS检查,依据世界卫生组织(WHO)2007年分级方法分为低级别胶质瘤组(n=15)和高级别胶质瘤组(n=21),对比分析2组肿瘤占位核心实质区、瘤周区域及对侧镜像区胆碱复合物(Cho)、N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸复(NAA)、肌酐(Cr)脂质(Lip)、乳酸(Lac)。结果所有患者肿瘤占位核心实质的Cho/Cr比值均较对侧镜像区升高,NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值较对侧镜像区降低(P0.05)。高级别胶质瘤NAA/Cho比值低于低级别胶质瘤,而Cho/Cr高于低级别胶质瘤(P0.05)。高级别胶质瘤瘤周区域Cho/Cr比值较对侧镜像区升高,NAA/Cho比值较对侧镜像区降低(P0.05);低级别胶质瘤瘤周区域Cho/Cr比值较对侧镜像区升高,NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值较对侧镜像区降低(P0.05)。高级别胶质瘤组20例出现Lac峰,14例出现Lip;低级别胶质瘤组6例出现Lac峰,1例出现Lip峰。Cho/Cr比值与病理级别呈正相关(r=0.812,P0.05),而NAA/Cho比值与病理级别呈负相关(r=-0.634,P0.001),NAA/Cr与病理级别无明显相关性(r=-0.060,t=0.241)。结论氢质子磁共振波普能够有效显示脑胶质瘤患者肿瘤周围水肿区及肿瘤实质区的代谢变化情况,可为胶质瘤临床术前分级提供客观依据,提高诊断的准确性。     

氢质子磁共振波谱在儿童创伤性颅脑损伤的应用

目的 探讨氢质子磁共振波谱( 1H-MRS)分析对儿童创伤性颅脑损伤(TBI)受伤程度及预后的临床价值.方法 对20例儿童TBI病人(TBI组)和10例正常儿童志愿者(正常对照组)进行1H-MRS检查,观察两组病侧与对侧N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、乳酸(Lac)及NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、Cho/Cr比值的变化,分析这些指标与GCS及GOS评分的相关性.结果 与正常对照组比较,TBI组NAA/Cho、NAA/Cr比值明显下降(P＜0.05),而Cho/Cr比值明显升高(P＜0.05);TBI组出现Lac峰1例,最终死亡.而NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho比值变化与GCS评分呈负相关(r=-0.59,P＜0.05),与GOS 呈正相关(r=0.63,P＜0.05);TBI组Cho/Cr比值与GCS评分呈正相关(r=0.57,P＜0.05),与GOS评分呈负相关(r=-0.69,P＜0.05).结论 1H-MRS对判断颅脑损伤的受伤程度及预后有重要参考价值.     

多体素H-MRS在脑胶质瘤术前评价中的应用

目的运用多体素二维磁共振波谱法（H-MRS）分析脑胶质瘤周围区域。H-MRS代谢物改变特点,评价H-MRS在脑胶质瘤术前的应用价值。方法收集经手术及病理证实的28例胶质瘤患者,所有患者在术前均行磁共振头颅常规检查和。H-MRS检查。分别测量不同区域的N-乙酰天门冬氨酸（NAA）、肌酸（Cr）、胆碱（Cho）峰下面积,计算出NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr及NAA／Cho比值,并进行统计学分析。结果低／高级别胶质瘤肿瘤组织和对侧正常脑组织的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr及NAA／Cho比值存在显著性差异;低／高级别胶质瘤肿瘤组织和远瘤周区域的NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr及NAA／Cho比值存在显著性差异;低级别胶质瘤远瘤周区域和对侧正常脑组织的NAA／Cho比值存在显著性差异,NAA／Cr、Cho／Cr比值不存在显著性差异;高级别胶质瘤远瘤周区域和对侧正常脑组织的Cho／Cr、NAA／Cho比值存在显著性差异,但NAA／Cr比值不存在显著性差异。结论多体素H-MRS可帮助临床医生在术前评价胶质瘤的浸润范围,并制定最佳的治疗方案。     

抑郁症首次发病患者海马磁共振质子波谱成像的研究

目的 探讨抑郁症首次发病患者海马的磁共振质子波谱(1H-MRS)代谢物质的变化.方法 对99例首次发病的抑郁症患者和26例健康对照组行磁共振常规扫描及1H-MRS检查,测量双侧海马N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱复合物(Cho)和肌酸(Cr)三种代谢物质,计算NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比值.结果 抑郁症患者海马NAA/Cr左右侧比值(1.23±0.16;1.16±0.16)低于对照组NAA/Cr左右侧比值(1.38±0.23;1.31±0.26),差异有显著性(P<0.05);抑郁症患者海马体部Cho/Cr左右侧比值(1.19±0.14;1.18±0.12)高于对照组Cho/Cr左右侧比值(1.14±0.12;1.11±0.14),差异有显著性(P<0.05).对照组左右侧NAA/Cr和Cho/Cr比较差异无显著性(P>0.05).抑郁症组右侧NAA/Cr低于左侧,差异显著(P<0.05);左侧Cho/Cr高于右侧,差异不明显(P>0.05).结论 抑郁症患者可能存在双侧海马神经细胞代谢功能障碍,右侧神经细胞功能障碍较左侧明显.     

多序列磁共振成像在一例多发性硬化诊断中的应用体会

目的探讨常规磁共振,尤其是弥散加权成像(DWI)、弥散张量成像(DTI)及磁共振波谱成像(1H-MRS)在多发性硬化(MS)诊断中的应用价值。方法 MS患者1例,采用GE Signa 3.0 T EXCITE HDMR系统,8通道头部线圈,进行常规磁共振(T1-flair、FSE-T2WI、T2-flair)、T1-flair增强及DWI、DTI、1H-MRS扫描。ADW4.2工作站进行DWI、DTI、1H-MRS图像后处理,分别测定兴趣区及正常区ADC值、eADC值、FA值,以及NAA、Cho、mI值和NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr比值。结果常规磁共振病变呈多发圆形、椭圆形、不规则片状T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号,FLAIR高信号,表现符合MS的典型特征;增强扫描病变周边强化,呈不完整环形、半环形或马蹄铁样;DWI显示病变中心呈低信号,边缘呈高信号,病变区ADC值增高,eADC值降低;DTI显示额顶病变区白质纤维溶解、破坏、推移,FA值降低;1H-MRS显示病灶内Cho峰升高,Cho/Cr比值升高,NAA峰轻度降低,NAA/Cr比值轻度降低,mI峰增高。结论多序列磁共振扫描,尤其是DWI、DTI及1H-MRS对MS的诊断、斑块活动性监测及病变分期具有重要临床应用价值。     

红核黑质波谱分析在帕金森病中的应用价值

目的 探讨黑质氢质子磁共振波谱分析（1H-MRS）在帕金森病中的应用价值.方法 采用Philips Achieva 1.5 T双梯度磁共振扫描仪,对29例帕金森病患者（早期11例,晚期18例）和16例健康志愿者行颅脑MRI和黑质1H-MRS检查,观察NAA、Cr、Cho浓度和NAA/（Cho±Cr）、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho值.分别对帕金森病患者左侧、右侧与正常健康组黑质的NAA/（Cho±Cr）、NAA/Cr和NAA/Cho值进行t检验,分析两者之间有无统计学差异.结果 早、晚期帕金森病患者和健康组左、右侧黑质的NAA/（Cho±Cr）值分别为0.63±0.10、0.51±0.10、0.79±0.07、0.64±0.11、0.50±0.12、0.80±0.06,帕金森病组患侧与正常侧、对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,而正常侧与对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.以NAA/（Cho±Cr）值来对早、晚期帕金森病进行分期,灵敏度曲线呈现低→高→低的变化,在0.59时,灵敏度最高.结论 1H-MRS不仅能对早、晚期帕金森病进行分期,而且能对帕金森病进行定侧.     

双相障碍Ⅱ型患者前额叶白质、豆状核磁共振波谱分析

目的 探讨双相障碍Ⅱ型患者前额叶白质、豆状核的氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)特征. 方法 以自2012年9月至2013年4月在中山大学附属第三医院住院的双相障碍Ⅱ型患者30例为患者组,同期20例健康志愿者为对照组,采用多体素磁共振波谱技术检测2组研究对象前额叶白质、豆状核的代谢物质含量,包括N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、胆碱化合物(Cho)、肌酸(Cr)、肌醇(mI),并计算NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、mI/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)的比值. 结果 患者组右侧前额叶白质NAA、Cho、mI绝对含量及NAA/Cr比值和对照组相比明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);左侧前额叶白质NAA绝对含量及NAA/Cr、NAA/Cho、NAA/(Cho+Cr)比值与对照组相比明显下降,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);右侧豆状核NAA、Cho绝对含量和对照组相比明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05). 结论 双相障碍Ⅱ型患者存在双侧前额叶白质纤维受损和神经胶质细胞功能异常,以及右侧豆状核神经元缺失或功能异常.     

~1HMRS成像在急性期脑梗死中的应用

目的探讨氢质子磁共振波谱成像(1HMRS)在急性脑梗死早期诊断、评估预后中的临床价值。方法对30例急性期脑梗死患者于入院时及2w后分别进行磁共振(MRI)、1HMRS扫描及NIHSS评分,分析梗死灶中心及对侧镜像区各代谢物数值,计算梗死病灶N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱化合物(Cho)与对侧相应正常脑区代谢产物比值(rNAA、rCr、rCho)及同侧乳酸/胆碱值(Lac/Cho),比较治疗前后各代谢产物相对浓度变化及与NIHSS相关性。结果梗死灶中心与对侧镜像区NAA、Lac、Cr比较差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.762,P=0.000;Z=-4.782,P=0.000;Z=-3.569,P=0.000);病灶侧治疗前后rNAA、rCr、rCho及Lac/Cho比值差异无统计学意义;NIHSS评分与NAA呈负相关,与Lac呈正相关(r=-0.623,P=0.000;r=0.468,P=0.009)。结论应用1HMRS分析技术,能无创性检测急性脑梗死代谢物的动态变化,为患者病情转归、疗效及预后判断提供更多临床依据。     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

Bibliography of officers of department of mental hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.