支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤

颅内宽颈动脉瘤是目前手术夹闭和血管内治疗的共同难点。血管内支架在颅内宽颈动脉瘤的基础与临床方面的研究进展迅速，血管内支架的优点是：防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉；干扰瘤内血流模式；为新生内皮提供支撑。更易控制、更柔软以及微支架的进一步研制有助于提高颅内宽颈动脉瘤的治疗。     

血管内支架结合微弹簧圈栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的　探讨和总结应用血管内支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的技术。方法　回顾性分析 16例颅内宽颈动脉瘤 ,瘤颈 /瘤体比为 0 5～ 1∶1,均采用血管内支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗。结果　 16例血管内支架结合弹簧圈技术治疗的动脉瘤 ,12例完全栓塞 ,4例大部 (>95 % )栓塞。有 7例随访 6个月～ 1年 ,有 1例出现动脉瘤复发。 1例术后出现一过性脑缺血的表现。结论　在栓塞宽颈颅内动脉瘤时应用血管内支架结合弹簧圈技术 ,可避免弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉 ,提高了宽颈颅内动脉瘤的疗效     

Neuroform支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的应用

近十余年来,血管内支架已被成功地应用于颅内血管病的治疗中,并取得了可靠的效果。血管内支架在颅内动脉瘤特别是宽颈动脉瘤的治疗中,起着“栅栏”作用,可以防止弹簧圈突入载瘤动脉,使弹簧圈在瘤内达到致密填塞,从而改变瘤内血流动力学,促进血栓的形成,防止动脉瘤再出血。血管内支架的出现,为这类动脉瘤的治疗提供了新的思路,特别是Neuroform颅内专用支架的问世及其结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈(Guglielmi detechable coil,GDC)在临床的应用,给复杂动脉瘤特别是颅内宽颈动脉瘤的治疗带来了新的曙光。     

宽颈动脉瘤血管内辅助栓塞技术的介入治疗

目的探讨各种辅助栓塞技术在颅内宽颈动脉瘤介入治疗中的应用。方法运用各种辅助栓塞技术包括微导丝微导管辅助技术,双微导管技术,球囊再塑形技术及血管内支架载瘤动脉成形术,栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤73例,共89个动脉瘤,其中9个为非宽颈动脉瘤。结果完全栓塞或大部栓塞73个,瘤颈残留5个,动脉瘤及载瘤动脉闭塞2个,死亡3例。45例获得临床随访,1例右侧后交通动脉瘤栓塞术后1年余再次出血,因瘤颈复发行栓塞治疗后愈合可,其余病人未见复发。结论颅内宽颈动脉瘤处理困难,选择合适血管内辅助栓塞技术,有助于提高宽颈动脉瘤的治愈率。     

颅内支架结合微弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤的血管内介入治疗。方法2004￣2005年间使用颅内支架(Neuroform,Boston公司)结合微弹簧圈血管内介入栓塞治疗13例宽颈动脉瘤,手术均在气管插管全身麻醉下进行,术中予全身肝素化。结果本组病例均一次成功放入颅内支架,动脉瘤完全填塞10例,3例瘤颈残余,无死亡。结论颅内支架结合微弹簧圈对常规手术困难的宽颈动脉瘤具有良好的治疗效果。     

联合颅内支架和生物活性弹簧圈血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤初步经验

目的　探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤新的血管内治疗技术,初步评价该技术和新栓塞材料的安全性和有效性。方法　回顾我们治疗中心近9个月内收治的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人的临床资料。对颅内Neuroform支架辅助生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓塞宽颈动脉瘤技术特点进行探讨,并通过对部分获得血管造影随访病人的疗效观察,评价该技术的临床应用价值。结果　联合颅内Neuroform支架和生物活性Matrix弹簧圈血管内治疗的11例宽颈动脉瘤病人中,除1例死于并发症外其余病人均得到满意疗效,其中6例病人术后半年行数字减影血管造影(DSA)随访,未见动脉瘤复发,但仍需长期观察。结论　联合颅内支架和生物活性弹簧圈是一有效的血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤技术,颅内支架理想的大小选择和恰当的植入位置是成功治疗的重要一环,生物活性Matrix弹簧圈栓入瘤腔后可有效促进血栓和结缔组织形成。     

双微导管技术血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的总结双微导管技术血管内治疗宽颈动脉瘤的经验。方法采用单侧股动脉穿刺双微导管技术治疗39例瘤颈/瘤体比为0.5~1的颅内宽颈动脉瘤。结果 39例动脉瘤均获得致密栓塞,即时DSA复查示动脉瘤均无显影。术后血管痉挛致脑缺血3例,经治疗后改善。34例术后随访6~12个月,均复查CT血管造影示32例无显影,2例部分复发,无出血等发生。结论双微导管技术对瘤体瘤颈比为0.5~1的颅内宽颈动脉瘤是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

血管内支架在颅内宽颈及梭形动脉瘤栓塞治疗中的应用

目的　探讨使用血管内支架结合电解可脱卸弹簧圈 (GDC)治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的疗效及并发症。方法　将冠脉支架横跨于 6例颅内梭形动脉瘤 2 4例宽颈动脉瘤瘤颈后释放 ,通过支架的网孔在动脉瘤腔填塞GDC。结果　 2 6例动脉瘤致密填塞 ,4例大部分填塞 ,载瘤动脉通畅。除 5例发生支架移位 ,2例颈内动脉一过性痉挛外 ,无其他手术并发症 ,患者均恢复良好。结论　血管内支架作为腔内隔绝物 ,结合GDC是治疗颅内梭形及宽颈动脉瘤的有效方法     

支架及球囊联合Hydrocoil治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤18例临床分析

目的 探讨颅内宽颈动脉瘤血管内治疗的新技术,初步评价支架及球囊联合Hydrocoil(水凝胶水解式微弹簧圈)的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析18例宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料,对颅内支架及球囊联合Hydrocoil栓塞宽颈动脉瘤的技术特点进行探讨,并通过对获得血管造影随访患者的疗效观察来评价该技术的临床应用价值.结果 18例宽颈动脉瘤患者均得到完全栓塞,6例术后半年获DSA随访,见动脉瘤无复发,但仍需长期观察.结论支架及球囊联合Hydrocoil技术血管内治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤疗效可靠.     

相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的血管内治疗

目的 探讨相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤(动脉瘤最长径≤3 mm且动脉瘤颈/瘤体宽径I>3/4)血管内治疗的町行性和安全性.方法 回顾分析24例27个相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的临床、影像、血管内治疗和随访资料.结果 27个动脉瘤中24个用弹簧圈栓塞,3个仅在载瘤动脉内放置支架.前者有4个动脉瘤100%栓塞,13个90%,6个80%,1个80%以下.2例术后出现一过性轻偏瘫.所有患者临床随访平均51个月(1-94个月)无再出血,6例7个动脉瘤在术后6-38个月复查血管造影,未见再生长.结论 相对宽颈的颅内破裂微小动脉瘤的血管内治疗,技术上可行,操作相对安全,初步结果有效.     

Fasciitis, perimyositis, myositis, polymyositis, and eosinophilia

Several groups of cases of fasciitis and myositis with eosinophilia are reported. The common features are inflammation into fascia and/or perimysium, and/or muscle fibers; eosinophilia in blood and/or in muscle biopsy. The following classification of 24 cases is suggested: at one end of the spectrum are fasciitis with eosinophilia: diffuse fasciitis (Shulman syndrome): 10 cases (3 with hematological complications); 2 cases of diffuse fasciitis with muscle atrophy; 3 cases of restricted fasciitis. Relapsing perimyositis with eosinophilia belong to the same spectrum, either diffuse (5 cases) with myalgias, or localized (2 cases). Other cases are focal myositis or multiple myositis, polymyositis with eosinophilia. The relationship among these cases is discussed. There is a continuum among the different groups. The pathophysiology remains unknown.     

Customer, Client, Consumer, Recipient, or Patient

Since the arrival of managed care, there has been a trend toward changing the basic terminology used to address clinicians and patients. Instead of the term patient, third party payors frequently use terms such as customer, client, consumer or recipient. One study demonstrated that patients prefer to be called patients. To investigate the preferred term to refer to patients and to be referred to by patients, we mailed a questionnaire to 100 physicians in four medical specialties each and to 100 psychologists. The overall response rate was 61%. Physicians overwhelmingly preferred to refer to patients by the patient's last name, their second preference was the patient's first name. Psychologists preferred to refer to the patients by first name, their second preference was the patient's last name. No group favored using terms such as client, customer, consumer, or recipient. Most physicians and psychologists preferred being referred to as doctors and nobody favored the term provider.     

高海拔地区缺血性卒中患者单核 细胞/HDL-C比值与脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的相关性

目的 研究高海拔地区缺血性卒中患者单核细胞/HDL-C比值（monocyte/HDL-C ratio,MHR）与颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,ICSA）程度的相关性。 方法 回顾性连续纳入2017年6月-2021年6月在青海省人民医院住院治疗的高海拔地区（海拔2260～4080?m）的急性缺血性卒中患者,依据DSA上脑血管狭窄程度（以狭窄最严重的动脉为准）分为无狭窄组、轻度狭窄（狭窄率≤50%）组、中度狭窄（狭窄率50%～70%）组、重度狭窄（狭窄率≥70%）组及闭塞（100%）组。比较5组患者的临床资料、实验室检查指标和MHR,并采用logistic回归模型计算不同程度血管狭窄的独立危险因素。 结果 共纳入349例患者,其中无狭窄组69例、轻度狭窄组78例、中度狭窄组41例、重度狭窄组84例、闭塞组77例。5组中年龄、性别分布、吸烟、饮酒、高血压、糖尿病比例方面差异均有统计学意义,实验室检查中白细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板计数以及血红蛋白、HDL-C水平和MHR差异也有统计学意义。多因素logistic回归分析显示,相对于无动脉狭窄,高龄为脑血管轻度狭窄（OR?1.061,95%CI?1.027～1.097,P＜0.001）,中度狭窄（OR?1.057,95%CI?1.017～1.099,P＝0.005）,重度狭窄（OR?1.096,95%CI?1.057～1.137,P＜0.001）,闭塞（OR?1.036,95%CI?1.001～1.072,P＝0.046）的独立危险因素;相对于无动脉狭窄,高MHR为轻度狭窄（OR?1.041,95%CI?1.009～1.074,P＝0.011）,中度狭窄（OR?1.082,95%CI?1.045～1.119,P＜0.001）,重度狭窄（OR?1.096,95%CI?1.062～1.131,P＜0.001）,闭塞（OR?1.101,95%CI?1.067～1.136,P＜0.001）的独立危险因素;相对于无动脉狭窄,单核细胞计数升高是中度狭窄（OR?1.684,95%CI?1.569～2.725,P=0.027）、重度狭窄（OR?3.529,95%CI?1.541～5.766,P=0.002 ）和闭塞（OR?5.446,95%CI?4.453～6.917,P=0.002）的独立危险因素。 结论 高龄、高MHR和单核细胞计数升高在高海拔地区对急性缺血性卒中患者的脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄程度具有一定预测价值。     

Frontal lobe psychopathology: mania, depression, confabulation, catatonia, perseveration, obsessive compulsions, and schizophrenia

The frontal lobes can be subdivided into major functional neuroanatomical domains, which, when injured, surgically destroyed, or reduced in activity or volume, give rise to signature pathological and psychiatric symptomology. A review of case reports and over 50 years of research, including magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, and single photon emission computed tomography scans, indicates that apathy, "blunted" schizophrenia, major depression, and aphasic-perseverative disturbance of speech and thought are associated with left lateral as well as bilateral frontal (and striatal) abnormalities. Impulsiveness, confabulatory verbosity, grandiosity, increased sexuality, and mania are associated with right frontal (as well as bilateral) disturbances. Gegenhalten, catatonia, and disturbances of "will" are indicative of medial frontal injuries. Disinhibitory states and obsessive-compulsive perseverative abnormalities are more frequently observed with orbital frontal lobe dysfunction, including frontal-striatal disturbances. These associations, however, are not always clear-cut as patients with the same diagnosis may demonstrate different symptoms that may be due to an additional abnormality in a different region of the brain. Moreover, as the frontal subdivisions are richly interconnected, and as frontal lobe abnormalities are not always discrete or well localized, a wide array of seemingly divergent waxing and waning symptoms may be manifest, sometimes simultaneously, including manic depression and what has been referred to as the "frontal lobe personality."