辅助栓塞技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床应用(附36例报告)

目的 探讨多种辅助栓塞技术治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床应用.方法 共36例患者的41个颅内复杂动脉瘤行辅助栓塞治疗,方法包括球囊、支架辅助栓塞和双微导管栓塞技术.结果 宽颈动脉瘤33个,其中球囊辅助栓塞11例,完全栓塞7例,次全栓塞3例,另外1例因球囊放置困难改用双微导管栓塞技术;支架辅助栓塞15例,完全栓塞10例,次全及部分栓塞各2例,单纯支架植入1例;双微导管技术栓塞8例,完全栓塞6例,次全及部分栓塞各1例.梭形动脉瘤8个,全部行支架辅助栓塞,完全栓塞1例,次全栓塞6例,单纯支架植入1例.3例出现并发症,其中术中血栓形成2例,术后视野缺损1例.结论 球囊、支架辅助和双微导管栓塞技术是治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤安全有效的方法,具体应根据动脉瘤部位、形态和患者临床情况进行选择.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the application of assisted coiling techniques in the treatment of complex intracranial aneurysms.Methods From Jun.2007 to Aug.2010, 36 patients with 41 complex intracranial aneurysms were treated by varient endovascular methods, including balloon, stent-assisted coiling and double microcatheter coiling techniques.Results Among the 33 wide-neck aneurysms, 11cases underwent balloon-assisted coiling, in which 7 were totally occluded, 3 subtotally occluded, 1 diverted to double microcatheter treatment after failure balloon placement 15 cases underwent stent-assisted coiling, in which 10 were totally occluded, 2 subtotally or partially occluded respectively, 1 by single stent placement without coiling.8 cases accepted double microcatheter treatment, 6 were totally occluded, 1 subtotally occluded and 1 partially occluded.All 8 fusiform aneurysms were treated by stent-assisted coiling, one case was totally occluded, 6 subtotally occluded, and another one was treated by single stent placement.The complications were found in 3 patients, including intra-operative thrombosis in 2 cases and dysopia in one case.Conclusion Balloon, stent-assisted coiling and double microcatheter techniques are safe and effective in treating complex intracranial aneurysms, but it should be determined by the position and morphologic characteristics of aneurysms as well as the patients' clinical condition.     

Solitaire支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的初步使用经验

目的 评估应用新型颅内支架Solitaire结合弹簧圈治疗颅内动脉瘤的有效性和安全性,总结该支架的使用经验.方法 自2010年8月至2010年12月20例患者采用该支架辅助进行动脉瘤栓塞.通过手术前后影像学评价和患者出院时GOS评分,评估应用该支架的安全性和有效性.结果 所有支架均成功释放,手术成功率100%.总并发症发生率为15%,致死率为5%,手术相关并发症发生率5%.20例动脉瘤中,完全栓塞率65%,瘤颈残留率10%,不完全栓塞率25%.其中19例患者预后良好,GOS评分5分,1例患者死亡.结论 Solitaire支架在辅助治疗颅内动脉瘤方面是安全有效的.就其适用范围而言,该支架似乎更适合于直径2 mm以上的血管,其长期疗效仍需要进一步观察.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficiency of Solitaire? AB neurovascular remodeling device - assisted coil embolization for patients with wide - necked or complex aneurysms. Method From August 2010 to December 2010, the consecutive data were collected from 20 patients with aneurysms treated with comined stenting. All patients underwent clinical and angiographic follow - up after the initial treatment. Results Successful position of the remodeling device was obtained in all cases. There were three complications ( 15% ), and only one complication (5% ) was attributed to the application of stent. One of the three patients was dead for hydrocephalus caused by cerebral hemorrhage during AVM embolization. One thromboembolic complication occurred after the stent was deployed. One ophthalmic artery occlusion occurred after coiling. The proportion of patients in whom Raymond class 1 occlusion was obtained was 65% ( n = 13). Raymond class 2 occlusion was achieved in 10% ( n = 2) and Raymond class 3 occlusion in 25% ( n =5). Nineteen patients left the hospital with a good clinical status. Conclusions The initial technical and clinical results of Solitaire? AB device - assisted coiling of aneurysm are encouraging. But we suggest that it may be applied in the vessel which diameter is more than 2 mm. In addition,the long - term outcome of patients and experiences of using this device need further study.     

Solitaire ab型支架辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床分析

目的 观察新型自膨式Solitaire ab型支架用于辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 广东省中医院脑血管病中心脑病三科自2009年10月至2010年11月采用Solitaire ab型血管内支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤12例(13个动脉瘤),其中支架辅助弹簧罔栓塞动脉瘤10例,单纯支架置入2例.分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 12例患者共置入支架14枚,所有支架均成功放置,无回收或重新定位,1例患者弹簧圈部分脱入载瘤动脉,其余患者均无手术相关并发症;完全填塞8例,近全填塞1例,部分填塞3例;痊愈9例,好转2例,死亡1例,死亡原因为恶性心律失常.结论 Solitaire ab 型支架用于辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤有较好的安全性和短期临床疗效.     

Solitaire ab型支架辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤的临床分析

目的 观察新型自膨式Solitaire ab型支架用于辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效和安全性.方法 广东省中医院脑血管病中心脑病三科自2009年10月至2010年11月采用Solitaire ab型血管内支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤12例(13个动脉瘤),其中支架辅助弹簧罔栓塞动脉瘤10例,单纯支架置入2例.分析患者的临床资料和疗效.结果 12例患者共置入支架14枚,所有支架均成功放置,无回收或重新定位,1例患者弹簧圈部分脱入载瘤动脉,其余患者均无手术相关并发症;完全填塞8例,近全填塞1例,部分填塞3例;痊愈9例,好转2例,死亡1例,死亡原因为恶性心律失常.结论 Solitaire ab 型支架用于辅助栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤有较好的安全性和短期临床疗效.     

颅内夹层动脉瘤血管内栓塞治疗

目的 分析颅内夹层动脉瘤的临床特点,总结血管内栓塞治疗的经验.方法 对16例颅内夹层动脉瘤患者采用血管内栓塞治疗,其中3例采用单支架或双支架置入术,9例应用支架辅助下弹簧圈栓塞技术,3例使用球囊或弹簧圈辅助下球囊载瘤动脉闭塞术,1例使用单纯弹簧圈动脉瘤栓塞术.结果 16例中,动脉瘤完全闭塞9例(包括载瘤动脉闭塞病例),次全闭塞3例,不全闭塞4例(包括支架植入病例).随访6个月-3年,除早期1例死亡外,GOS结果评定:Ⅰ级8例,Ⅱ级4例,Ⅲ级2例,Ⅳ级1例.8例随访时脑血管造影,7例未见复发,1例瘤颈再通,正在随访.结论 根据颅内夹层动脉瘤的不同部位、不同病理特点,选择不同的血管内栓塞治疗方法,是治疗夹层动脉瘤安全、有效的方法之一.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the clinical features of intracranial dissecting aneurysm and summarize the experience of its endovascular embolization. Methods 16 cases of intracranial dissecting aneurysm were treated by endovascular embolization. Among these 16 patients, 3 patients were treated with single stent or double stent placement technique, 9 patients were treated with stent- assisted coil embolization technique, 3 patients were ball artery occluded using the balloon - assisted or coil - assisted technique, and 1 patient was treated by simple coil embolization. Results Out of the 16 patients, 9 cases were completely occluded ( including parent artery occlusion cases ), 3 cases were subtotally occluded, 4 cases were incompletely occluded ( including cases of stent implantation ). Followed up for 6 months to 3 years, in addition to 1 case of early death, GOS evaluation results were respectively: grade Ⅰ 8 cases, grade Ⅱ 4 cases, grade Ⅲ 2 cases, grade Ⅳ 1 case. Cerebral angiography was carried out in 8 follow - up patients. No recurrence was watched in 7 cases, aneurysm neck recanalization was watched in 1 case, follow up was continued. Conclusion According to different localization of intracranial aneurysm and different pathological features, different methods of endovascular embolization are selected. It is the safe and effective treatment of dissecting aneurysm.     

Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤的临床分析

目的总结Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽动脉瘤的经验。方法回顾性分析2011年l月至2012年12月应用Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的16例颅内宽颈动脉瘤患者的临床资料,应用弹簧圈微导管穿越支架网孔技术栓塞10例,支架平行释放技术栓塞6例。结果 16例患者支架均成功放置,无手术相关并发症;动脉瘤完全填塞8例,大部分填塞6例,部分填塞2例。16例病人术后随访3-15个月,复查DSA未见动脉瘤显影,动脉瘤颈部与弹簧圈之间没有造影剂充盈;未发生支架相关的并发症。结论 Solitaire支架辅助栓塞颅内宽颈动脉瘤安全、可靠,短期临床疗效较好。     

西藏高原地区血管内介入治疗破裂颅内动脉瘤

目的 探讨西藏高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤的安全性、有效性及可行性.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月至2010年11月我院经血管内介入治疗的8例破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤.8例患者均行DSA检查确诊,并根据动脉瘤的特点实施个性化血管内介入治疗:5例行弹簧圈栓塞术,2例行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术,1例行单纯支架贴敷术.结果 8例中完全栓塞6例,次全栓塞1例,单纯支架贴敷1例.术中复查DSA显示:动脉瘤显影消失7例,单纯支架置入后瘤腔内对比剂滞留1例.1例宽颈动脉瘤行支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后出现对侧肢体偏瘫(肌力0级),经给予加强抗凝、抗血小板聚集、改善微循环等治疗后,下肢肌力恢复至Ⅴ级,上至肌力恢复至接近Ⅴ级.除术前Hunt-Hess分级Ⅳ级、GCS评分4分的1例因继发严重脑积水恢复至Hunt-Hess分级Ⅲ级、GCS评分7分外,其余7例均恢复正常.门诊随访1-5个月,无再出血或缺血事件发生.结论 高原地区经血管内介入治疗破裂出血的颅内动脉瘤是安全、有效的,但围手术期的处理具有高原特色.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the safety, efficacy and feasibility of endovascular interventional therapeutic techniques for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet. Methods Retrospectively analyzed the therapeutic effects of endovascular interventional treatment for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in 8 cases in highland in Tibet 8 cases were performed DSA for accurate diagnosis and individualized endovascular interventional treatment were undergone according to the feature of the aneurysms; coiling in 5 cases, coiling with assistance of stent in 2 and pure stenting in 1. Results Among the 8 cases complete embolization was gained in 6 and hypo - complete embolization in 1. DSA review during procedure showed the image of aneurysm disappeared in 7 cases and retention of contrast agent inside the aneurysm in the case which was purely stented. Contralateral hemiplegia of limbs which muscle strength was 0 grade occurred in 1 case with wide - necked aneurysm treated by coiling with stent assistance after procedure. After the intensive treatment of antiplatelet, anticoagulation and to improve microcirculation, the muscle strength recovered to Ⅴ grade in the lower limb and near Ⅴ grade in the upper limb. After procedure except 1 case whose Hunt & Hess grade was in Ⅵ and GCS was 4 improved Hunt & Hess grade to Ⅲ and GCS to 4 because of secondary severe hydrocephalus, the other cases were all well recovered. During 1 to 5 months following - up of outpatient no re - hemorrhagic or ischemic event occurred. Conclusions Endovascular interventional treatment is safe, mini- invasive, effective and feasible for ruptured hemorrhagic intracranial aneurysms in highland in Tibet, but the peri - operative management was highland characteristic.     

支架辅助栓塞治疗宽颈前交通动脉瘤的血管形态学改变研究

目的 探讨支架辅助栓塞治疗宽颈前交通动脉瘤复合体血管形态改变及其对血流动力学的影响.方法 15例宽颈前交通动脉瘤接受支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗,在支架植入前后进行血管造影,并在二维影像上测量载瘤动脉流入段与流出段中轴线夹角,计算载瘤血管曲率变化.结果 所有患者在支架植入后均有明显的载瘤动脉几何形态学改变.支架植入后载瘤血管夹角增加8.30°～53.06°,平均29 78°.7例患者支架植入后血管明显变直.结论 支架植入可以明显改变宽颈前交通动脉瘤末梢血管几何形态学,进而可以导致局部血流动力学改变.

Abstract：

Objective The purpose of this study was to quantify the vascular angle change due to intracrnaial stent placement and its effect on hemodynamics.Method Fifteen patients with a wide-necked anterior communicating artery aneurysm were treated with stent-assisted coiling.Centerlines of the parent vessels were calculated and determined the exact change in the vessel curvature in image underwent before and after stenting.Results In all patients, the stent caused a clear change in the geometry of the parent vessel.Stent-related vascular angle change ranged from 8.30 to 53.06 degrees, with an average of 29.78 degrees.In 7 cases the parent vessel was straightened.Conclusions Stents have a substantial effect on the vascular geometry, resulting in a change in local hemodynamics.     

国产电解可脱弹簧圈的初步临床应用

目的 初步总结了国产JASPER电解可脱弹簧圈的临床应用经验.方法 采用117枚国产JASPER电解可脱弹簧圈栓塞颅内脑血管病共20例,其中颅内动脉瘤15例,硬脑膜动静脉瘘4例,外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘1例.20例中,单独应用JASPER电解可脱弹簧圈治疗9例,与其他品牌可脱弹簧圈联合使用者11例.结果 国产JASPER电解可脱弹簧圈在顺滑程度、解旋情况、软硬程度、成篮效果、致密填塞情况与进口同类产品无明显差别,电解脱时间为(41.19±8.68)s,15例颅内动脉瘤完全栓塞10例,次全栓塞5例;4例硬脑膜动静脉瘘3例完全栓塞,部分栓塞1例;1例外伤性颈动脉海绵窦瘘完全栓塞.数字减影造影(DSA)复查7例无复发迹象.结论 国产JASPER电解可脱弹簧圈性能可靠,临床效果确实.

Abstract：

Objective To report the primary clinical experience of JASPER electrolytically detachable coils in neurovascular intervention. Method 117 coils were used in 20 patients including 15 aneurysms ,4 dural arterio - venous fistula ( DAVF) and 1 CCF. Nine cases were embolized only with JASPER electrolytically detachable coils,and 11 cases were embolized by combined using of electrolytically detachable coils and other detachable coils. Results There was no significant difference between JASPER electrolytically detachable coils and other coils in visibility,flexibility,effect of forming a basket,uncoiling, dense packing and convenience of deployment The time needed for detachment was(41. 19 ± 8. 68) s. Ten aneurysms were totally embolized, the other 5 were subtotally occluded. Three DAVFs were totally embolized, the other one was subtotally occluded. One CCF was totally embolized. Seven cases of follow-up by DSA showed that there was no recurrence. Conclusions The efficiency and safety of JASPER electrolytically detachable coils are confirmed. The extensive use of JASPER electrolytically detachable coils could decrease the expense of patients for endovascular treatment.     

支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤

目的 总结Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤的有效性和安全性.方法 回顾分析2010年7月至2011年12月23例Solitaire AB支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤患者的病例资料,通过评估动脉瘤栓塞率、载瘤动脉保留、患者预后、并发症等,判断应用该支架的安全性和有效性.结果 手术成功率100％,动脉瘤完全栓塞17例(74％),近全栓塞4例(17％),不完全栓塞2例(9％).载瘤动脉完全保留.无死亡病例,随访见mRS评分0～1分22例,3分1例.支架引起脑血管痉挛并发症1例,无临床症状.结论 Solitaire AB支架用于辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内前交通动脉瘤是有效和安全的.     

Enterprise支架与Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤疗效分析

目的比较Enterprise支架与Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的安全性和有效性。方法 128例共133枚复杂动脉瘤,Enterprise支架治疗67例（68枚）,Solitaire支架治疗61例（65枚）,比较两组术后支架相关并发症发生率和术后3~12个月血管造影随访结果。结果 Enterprise支架治疗组和Solitaire支架治疗组术后30 d内患者临床并发症有血栓形成、短暂性脑缺血发作、脑卒中和脑出血,但两组的并发症发生率差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;术后3~12月血管造影随访结果示两种支架栓塞率及再通率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论 Enterprise支架和Solitaire支架治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤效果均良好。     

新型颅内Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨新型自膨式闭环颅内Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内复杂动脉瘤的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用Solitaire支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗的23例颅内复杂动脉瘤患者的临床资料。包括未破裂动脉瘤2例,破裂动脉瘤21例。行单纯支架治疗2例,支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞21例。结果 23例共使用24枚支架,23枚支架均成功定位、释放,1枚解脱后移位;栓塞后即刻造影示动脉瘤致密栓塞16例,瘤颈残留4例,瘤体显影3例。术后发生抗凝、抗血小板聚集相关并发症2例。出院时按改良Rankin评分0分19例,1分2例,2分1例。死亡1例。结论 Solitaire支架输送简单,顺应性好,定位准确,完全释放后仍可以完全回收,安全性高,即刻栓塞效果满意。     

Neuroform自膨式支架联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤

目的探讨颅内自膨式支架Neuroform联合弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的可行性和短期效果。方法应用Neuroform支架治疗12例病人的14个宽颈动脉瘤．瘤颈宽度介于2．0～10．6mm．瘤体与瘤颈直径之比均小于2．0。围手术期均口服血小板抑制剂药物。结果14个Neuroform支架均成功释放。动脉瘤完全栓塞10个，次全栓塞1个，不全栓塞3个。临床随访2～10个月，恢复良好10例．轻度残疾2例。2例病人分别在栓塞后4个月及6个月复查DSA，未见动脉瘤复发及支架移位。结论Neuroform自膨式支架联合弹簧圈治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤是一种安全可行的新技术．需进一步扩大病例和长期随访以客观评价其疗效。     

自膨胀颅内专用支架治疗大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤

目的评价自膨胀颅内支架治疗大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤的可行性、有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用颅内自膨胀支架治疗16例16个大脑中动脉动脉瘤病人的临床资料。动脉瘤破裂10例,未破裂5例,复发1例;采用单纯支架治疗3例,支架结合弹簧圈栓塞13例。结果本组支架均成功释放。13例采用支架结合弹簧圈治疗的病人中,动脉瘤致密栓塞9例,瘤颈残留1例,瘤体显影3例。术后发生手术相关并发症1例（大脑中动脉上千闭塞,但无临床症状）。出院时改良Rankin评分（MRS评分）0-2分14例。4分1例,6分1例。本组均获临床随访,平均随访18．7个月;无新发神经系统症状,未发生动脉瘤再次破裂出血。9例行影像学随访,平均随访5．8个月;动脉瘤均保持稳定或改善,载瘤动脉无支架内狭窄。结论自膨胀颅内支架治疗大脑中动脉宽颈动脉瘤技术上可行,安全性高。即刻栓塞结果满意;但长期疗效仍有待进一步随访。     

支架结合弹簧圈治疗颅内大型动脉瘤的初步探讨

目的 分析颅内支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞治疗颅内大型动脉瘤疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用颅内支架结合弹簧圈治疗12例颅内大型动脉瘤患者的临床资料.应用支架包括Neuroform 4枚和Enterprise 8枚.结果 12枚支架均成功释放,所有支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后即刻造影,其中动脉瘤获致密栓塞9例,瘤颈残留1例,瘤体显影2例.出院时改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分0～2分9例,3～4分2例,5分1例.术后6个月随访复查造影11例,其中动脉瘤获致密栓塞8例,均未见复发;瘤颈残留1例,术后6～12个月复查示瘤颈显影明显减淡;瘤体显影2例,术后12个月复查示瘤腔消失.结论 支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞颅内大型动脉瘤能保持载瘤动脉通畅,动脉瘤栓塞致密,安全有效.     

新型闭合网孔颅内支架Enterprise在颅内宽颈动脉瘤中的应用

目的初步评价新型自膨胀闭合网孔支架Enterprise治疗颅内宽颈动脉瘤的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用Enterprise支架治疗21例21个颅内宽颈动脉瘤病人的临床资料。包括未破裂动脉瘤10个，破裂动脉瘤11个。行单纯支架治疗4例，支架结合弹簧圈栓塞17例。结果所有支架均成功释放。17例结合弹簧圈栓塞病人中，动脉瘤获致密栓塞10例，瘤颈残留2例，瘤体显影5例。术后发生抗凝、抗血小板聚集相关并发症2例，死亡1例。出院时MRS评分0分20例，6分1例。结论Enterprise支架输送简单，顺应性好，定位准确，安全性高，即刻栓塞结果满意；但可供选择的支架型号较少，长期疗效有待进一步随访。     

颅内支架在颅内动脉瘤栓塞中应用

目的评价颅内支架在颅内动脉瘤栓塞过程中应用的操控性有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析采用颅内支架治疗35例的临床资料。结果 35枚支架均成功释放,所有支架辅助弹簧圈栓塞术后即刻造影,动脉瘤获致密栓塞21例,瘤颈残留8例,瘤体显影4例。获脑血管造影随访,共12例,均未见动脉瘤复发。结论颅内支架应用于栓塞颅内动脉瘤过程中,操作性好,在保持载瘤动脉通畅的情况下,提高动脉瘤的治愈率,有效安全性高。     

支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤

目的探讨和总结支架结合弹簧圈血管内治疗颅内宽颈、梭形等复杂动脉瘤的技术及疗效。方法回顾性分析颅内支架结合可脱弹簧圈治疗41例44个颅内宽颈、梭形动脉瘤的临床资料。结果支架结合弹簧圈完成栓塞40个动脉瘤(其中1例采用"Y"型双支架),动脉瘤100%栓塞23个,95%栓塞11个,90%栓塞5个,80%栓塞1个;4个微小动脉瘤单纯植入支架未填塞瘤体。死亡2例,1例死于血小板功能障碍所致脑干出血,1例单纯放置支架术后13d死于再次蛛网膜下腔出血。32例随访3～18个月无再出血及脑梗死,7例失访;24例26个动脉瘤术后3～18个月接受血管造影,与栓塞后即刻血管造影相比,影像学无变化者14个,7个瘤颈残留者已不显影,1个100%栓塞者瘤颈少许显影,1个90%栓塞者瘤颈显影稍有增大;3个单纯放置支架未填塞动脉瘤腔的动脉瘤中2个不显影,1个体积有所缩小。结论支架结合弹簧圈栓塞颅内复杂动脉瘤有较好的疗效,但应警惕抗血小板药物所致的风险,特别对于未能有效填塞瘤腔的动脉瘤。