脑膜转移瘤临床病理与MRI(附1例尸检报告)

目的探讨脑膜转移瘤的病理特点和MRI表现.方法回顾性分析1例脑膜转移瘤患者的临床资料.结果大脑、小脑、脑干、蛛网膜下腔、室管膜、脑膜及脉络丛上可见大量癌细胞浸润.头颅MRI检查示左侧枕叶有不规则小片状稍长T1和稍长T2信号,增强扫描后左枕叶病灶呈环状、线条状强化,且可见软脑膜、硬脑膜、蛛网膜异常强化.结论癌细胞在脑膜和全脑的广泛浸润为其病理特点,增强扫描后脑膜异常强化是其MRI的特征表现.     

结核性脑膜脑炎的临床及影像学特点(附1例报道及文献复习)

目的探讨结核性脑膜脑炎(TBM)的临床及影像学特点。方法通过1例结核性脑膜脑炎的临床表现、MR I改变,并结合相关文献进行讨论分析。结果患者临床表现较轻且不典型,影像学上表现为病灶弥漫分布,累及幕上脑实质、脑干、小脑多个部位。结论结核性脑膜脑炎临床表现多样影像学表现根据时期不同也各有差异,通过常见临床及影像学特点综合分析,结合实验室检查及诊断性抗结核治疗有效有助于诊断。脑脊液镜下发现或培养出结核杆菌是诊断金标准。     

急性粟粒型肺结核合并结核性脑膜脑炎的临床特征(附2例报道)

目的讨论急性粟粒型肺结核合并结核性脑膜脑炎的临床特点。方法回顾性分析2例急性粟粒型肺结核合并结核性脑膜脑炎患者的临床资料。结果本组患者为2例青年男性,分别为27、28岁,既往均无慢性结核感染的病史。2例患者临床表现主要为急性起病,高热、头痛,迅速出现严重的意识障碍,同时合并中枢神经系统实质受损。脑脊液检查呈细胞数、蛋白增高,显著低糖低氯化物的典型结核改变,胸部CT为双肺弥漫的大小、密度、分布均匀异常密度影,头部CT早期出现明显脑积水、细胞间质性水肿。临床诊断急性粟粒型肺结核合并结核性脑膜脑炎,抗结核治疗有效,但遗留了严重的神经系统后遗症。结论急性粟粒型肺结核血行感染中枢神经系统导致的结核性脑膜...     

结核性脑膜炎临床特点 脑脊液及影像学表现的相关研究

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎的临床特点、脑脊液及影像学表现。方法收集我院2011-10-2015-10符合条件的结核性脑膜炎75例患者,分析其临床特点、脑脊液指标动态变及磁共振表现等特征。结果除常见的发热、头痛、呕吐等主诉外,30%患者以咳嗽、咳痰、气短等脑外结核症状首诊;79%患者仍被误诊为病毒性脑膜炎;TBM经抗结核治疗后,脑脊液氯化物率先恢复,其后为蛋白、葡萄糖、ADA,而颅压及细胞数恢复最慢;结核性脑膜炎脑实质及脑膜均可受累,头颅MRI平扫检查阳性率80%,增强扫描阳性率96.9%。结论结核性脑膜炎易误诊为病毒性脑膜炎;TBM为多器官疾病,临床上应积极寻找脑外结核部位;MRI可较早发现TBM特征性病灶,且阳性率较高;临床上怀疑TMB时应尽可能利用多种现代技术寻找脑脊液中抗酸杆菌,为结脑诊断提供病原学依据。     

脑膜癌病误诊分析(附3例报告)

目的分析脑膜癌病(MC)的误诊原因,以提高对该病的认识。方法回顾性分析3例误诊的MC患者的临床资料。结果本组中例1曾误诊为病毒性脑炎,例2曾误诊为静脉窦血栓形成,例3曾误诊为偏头痛。前2例患者最终经过多次腰椎穿刺CSF细胞学检查找到肿瘤细胞而确诊。例3行肺部增强CT扫描最终确定为肺癌,头颅MRI增强示部分脑膜强化,临床诊断为MC。结论 MC早期容易误诊,反复多次腰椎穿刺CSF细胞学检查有助于MC的早期诊断,结合头颅、脊髓MRI增强扫描可提高其诊断率。     

表现为后循环缺血性病变的小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘的临床和影像学特点(附3例报告)

目的 探讨表现为后循环缺血性病变的小脑幕硬脑膜动静脉瘘(DAVF)的临床和影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析3例表现为后循环缺血性病变的小脑幕DAVF患者的临床和影像学资料.结果 本组患者起病形式多样,均表现头晕、恶心、呕吐,病变侧共济失调、水平眼震;1例患者出现交叉性感觉障碍、轻度延髓麻痹和不完全Horner征;头颅MRI均示小脑病变,其中1例合并延髓病变,病灶处均出现长T1、长T2及弥散加权成像高信号;2例MRI增强见小脑病灶强化及多条弯曲血管影;3例头部数字减影血管造影(DSA)检查均发现小脑幕DAVF瘘口.结论 小脑幕DAVF可引起小脑及脑干缺血表现,MRI增强扫描可见病灶强化及异常血管影,DSA检查可明确诊断.     

新型隐球菌性脑膜脑炎的临床和头颅MRI 6例分析

目的分析新型隐球菌性脑膜脑炎的临床特点及头颅MRI对其诊断的意义.方法回顾分析6例经病原学检查明确诊断的新型隐球菌性脑膜脑炎及影像学特点.结果新型隐球菌性脑膜脑炎起病隐袭,病程较长,临床表现多样,以头痛起病多见.4例病人头颅MRI有异常发现.结论头颅MRI对某些病人的早期诊断可能有一定的帮助.     

静脉性脑梗死的临床和影像特点分析

目的 分析静脉性脑梗死的临床与影像学特点,旨在提高认识以利于早期诊断和治疗。方法 回顾性分析2例静脉性脑梗死的临床表现、影像特征。结果 1例急性起病,以偏瘫、癫痫发作为主要表现,头MRI示双侧多发梗死或出血性梗死灶,且随着病情的好转病灶可缩小甚至消失。1例亚急性起病,进行性加重,主要表现为意识水平的下降,头MRI示双侧弥漫分布的多发DWI高信号病灶,增强示脑膜强化,脑表面血管增多。2例患者病初均有头痛症状。结论 早期头痛症状、头MRI示双侧多发梗死或出血性梗死灶、双侧多发DWI高信号病灶、增强示脑膜强化、脑表面血管增多等临床和影像特点有助于静脉性脑梗死的早期诊断。     

高通量测序技术诊断白塞病伴发单核细胞增多性李斯特菌脑膜脑炎(附1例报告及文献复习)

目的 探讨单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(LM)脑膜脑炎的临床表现和应用脑脊液高通量测序(NGS)检测对治疗及转归的影响和意义。方法 回顾分析利用脑脊液NGS诊断的1例白塞病合并LM脑膜脑炎患者的临床资料，并结合文献复习进行讨论，总结NGS诊断自身免疫性疾病伴发LM脑膜脑炎患者的临床表现、诊断和治疗策略。结果患者女性，29岁。主诉“低热2个月，头痛2周，加重伴意识模糊3 d”。头颅MRI增强示右侧颞顶枕多发异常信号伴不均匀强化，肿胀脑组织压迫部分中脑。腰穿脑脊液压力增高，白细胞数和蛋白均增高；隐球菌、真菌、结核、肿瘤筛查阴性。脑脊液NGS测序：李斯特菌属-单核细胞增多性LM，序列数120；外周血NGS测序阴性。诊断：LM性脑膜脑炎。经予以抗生素治疗后症状改善，复查头颅MRI示右侧大脑病灶明显减小，水肿消退，右侧中脑受压改善。共检索到12例应用NGS诊断LM性脑膜脑炎的病例，包括本次报道1例共13例。所有病例确诊前均有发热，出现意识不清9例；脑脊液检查均有白细胞数和蛋白增高。临床结局：2例治愈，10例好转(其中2例留有轻度后遗症)，1例死亡。NGS序列数为28～4292，覆盖度：0.09%～14...     

结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤的临床特点

目的探讨结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤的临床特点。方法回顾性分析7例结核性脑膜炎合并脑结核瘤患者的临床资料。结果 7例患者均有头痛、发热、脑膜刺激征,意识障碍6例,局灶性神经功能损害6例。7例患者CSF检查示颅内压增高4例,降低1例;葡萄糖降低5例;氯降低5例;蛋白增高6例。CSF细胞数增高7例,中性粒细胞比例增高6例。MRI检查显示病灶多分布于环池、鞍上池,丘脑、基底节、额颞叶。经鞘内注射治疗后,5例患者治愈,1例患者好转,1例患者死亡。结论脑结核瘤发生于结核性脑膜炎病程的各个阶段,可以表现为意识障碍及局灶性体征,需及时行MRI检查。规范的全身抗结核治疗联合鞘内注射异烟肼及地塞米松可获得良好预后。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.