葡萄糖耐量降低人群述情障碍发生率及其与焦虑抑郁障碍的相关性研究

目的 了解2型糖尿病高危人群即葡萄糖耐量降低人群(impaired glucose tolerance,IGT)中述情障碍发生率及其与焦虑、抑郁症状的相关性.方法 采用多伦多述情障碍量表(TAS-20)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对62例IGT但未达到糖尿病诊断患者进行评估,调查述情障碍发生率,并对其与抑郁、焦虑症状进行相关性分析.结果 述情障碍发生率为37.1％,IGI组SDS、SAS评分均显著高于中国常模(P ＜0.005) TAS-20总分与SDS、TASk0总分与SAS存在线性正相关(P＜0.01),TAS-20中因子1(F1,难以识别自己的情感)、因子2(F2,难以描述自己的情感)分别与SAS、SDS均存在正相关(P＜0.05),因子3(F3,外向性思维)与SDS存在负相关(P＜0.05).结论 2型糖尿病高危人群存在明显的述情障碍,且与焦虑、抑郁障碍高度相关.     

支持性护理干预改善心血管神经症患者焦虑和抑郁的效果

目的：分析支持性护理干预改善心血管神经症患者焦虑和抑郁的效果。方法采用随机数字表法将105例确诊心血管神经症患者进行分组,对照组52例行心内科常规护理干预,观察组53例在对照组基础上行支持性护理干预,连续干预30 d后,采用Zung焦虑自评量表（SAS评分）和抑郁自评量表（SDS评分）对比护理干预效果。结果观察组干预后总有效率96.23％明显高于对照组84.62％（P＜0.05）;2组均能够降低SAS评分和SDS评分,但观察组降低SAS评分和SDS评分幅度明显高于对照组（ P＜0.01）。结论支持性护理干预能够改善心血管神经症患者焦虑和抑郁障碍,促进患者的早期康复,在提高生存质量和促进患者早期康复方面具有积极的作用。     

心理护理对脑卒中患者焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响

目的 探讨心理护理对脑卒中后病人焦虑、抑郁情绪的影响. 方法 将250例脑卒中病人分成心理护理组和非心理护理组,应用抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS),心理护理组做心理护理前、后与非心理护理组进行对照分析. 结果 脑卒中病人SDS、SAS评分显著高于全国常模组(P＜0.01),心理护理后病人SDS、SAS评分较护理前显著改善(P＜0.01),与非心理护理组比较SDS、SAS也有显著改善(P＜0.05). 结论 对脑卒中后病人进行心理护理,可达抗焦虑、抑郁的目的 .     

妊娠期不同雌激素水平孕妇焦虑抑郁情况比较

目的比较妊娠期不同雌激素水平孕妇的焦虑抑郁情况。方法将288例孕妇分为实验组(焦虑抑郁)92例和对照组(健康)196例。比较两组孕妇焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分及雌二醇(E2)、促卵泡激素(FSH)水平。进一步将288例孕妇按照不同E2水平和FSH水平进行分级,比较不同E2、FSH水平孕妇焦虑抑郁发生情况。结果实验组孕妇SAS、SDS评分及FSH水平均明显高于对照组,E2水平明显低于对照组,有统计学差异(P0.05);随着血清E2水平升高,孕妇焦虑抑郁发生率逐渐降低,SAS、SDS评分逐渐减小,有统计学差异(P0.05);随着血清FSH水平升高,孕妇焦虑抑郁发生率逐渐升高,SAS、SDS评分逐渐增大,有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论妊娠期孕妇E2水平异常降低和FSH水平异常升高导致焦虑抑郁发生风险增加。     

短暂性脑缺血发作后焦虑抑郁的临床分析

目的：探讨短暂性脑缺血（T IA ）发作患者的抑郁和焦虑状态。方法分别测评66例T IA患者和60例健康对照者抑郁和焦虑状态,采用抑郁自评量表（SDS）和焦虑自评量表（SAS）。结果 TIA组SDS、SAS测评总分均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（ P＜0.01）。结论 T IA患者存在不同程度的抑郁和焦虑。     

心理干预对精神分裂症患者经期情绪障碍影响的研究

目的 了解精神分裂症患月经期的情绪障碍问题及心理干预时情绪障碍的影响，从而解决女性病人治疗中的疑难问题。方法 对我院126名住院的女性精神分裂症病人分别进行经期和非经期的焦虑自评量表SAS和抑郁自评量表SDS的测定，然后将126名病人随机分成干预组和对照组各63名，干预组进行2个月的心理干预，对照组不进行上述干预，其他治疗相同。第3个月再分别对两组病人进行经期和非经期的焦虑自评量表和抑郁自评量表的测定。结果 (1)精神分裂症病人经期SAS、SDS量表分均较非经期高，经统计学检验两差异显；(2)干预组经心理干预后无论经期还是非经期SAS、SDS量表分与对照组比较差异显；(3)干预组自身前后量表分比较差异显。结论 精神分裂症患月经期存在明显的焦虑、抑郁，易引起病情波动，针对女性病人内分泌变化进行心理干预有一定疗效。     

综合护理对老年女性冠心病患者CSI后焦虑抑郁及生活质量的影响

目的研究综合护理对于老年女性冠心病(CHD)患者经皮冠状动脉支架植入术(CSI)后焦虑抑郁情绪及生活质量的影响。方法将104例CSI后并发焦虑抑郁情绪的老年女性CHD患者随机分为两组:对照组(n=52)予以常规治疗与护理,观察组(n=52)在此基础上予以综合护理。比较两组护理后焦虑自评量表,抑郁自评量表(SAS、SDS)、生活质量评分(SF-36、SAQ)及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生率。结果护理6个月后,观察组的SAS、SDS评分显著低于对照组(P0.05),SAQ及SF-36各领域评分显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组的MACE发生率为5.77%,显著低于对照组的19.23%(P0.05)。结论综合护理能够缓解老年女性CHD患者CSI术后焦虑抑郁情绪,改善生活质量并减少MACE发生率。     

精神分裂症患者述情障碍与执行功能及情绪障碍的关系

目的 探讨精神分裂症患者的述情障碍与执行功能和焦虑、抑郁情绪之间的关系.方法 用多伦多述情障碍20个条目量表(TAS-20)、威斯康星卡片分类测试(WCST)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS)对150例精神分裂症患者分别进行述情障碍、执行功能及焦虑和抑郁症状的评定,抽取TAS总分≥62为高分组(38例)和TAS总分≤53为低分组(42例),比较两组的WCST成绩并与TAS-20总分及各因子分进行相关分析.同时将SAS、SDS标准分与TAS-20进行相关分析.结果 述情障碍高分组的错误应答数、非持续性错误数、完成第一次分类应答数均高于低分组(P＜0.05);而高分组的完成分类数、正确应答数、正确应答百分数、概念化水平应答率则明显低于低分组(P＜0.01);相关分析显示,TAS-20的总分及因子分与WCST成绩呈负相关(P＜0.05),TAS-20的总分及因子分与SAS、SDS标准分呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 精神分裂症患者的述情障碍与执行功能损害、负性情绪密切相关.     

心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者焦虑、抑郁状态及生活质量的影响

目的 探讨心理干预对恶性肿瘤患者焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量的影响.方法 将205例恶性肿瘤患者随机分为对照组和心理干预组,对照组采用常规放疗、化疗及最佳支持治疗,心理干预组在常规治疗基础上对患者进行心理干预,治疗前后采用焦虑自评量表(SAS),抑郁自评量表(SDS)和EORTC-QLQ-C30量表对患者进行焦虑抑郁状态及生活质量的测定.结果 两组患者入院时SDS及SAS评分比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05),心理干预组第6周SDS及SAS评分均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),心理干预后可改善癌症患者生活质量,较干预前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 心理干预能够改善恶性肿瘤患者焦虑抑郁情绪,提高生活质量,有利于患者的康复.     

焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫(癎)患者生活质量的影响

目的 探讨焦虑、抑郁情绪对癫(癎)患者生活质量的关系.方法 应用生活质量综合评定问卷(GQOLI)、Zung焦虑自评量表 (SAS)及Zung抑郁自评量表 (SDS)对60例癫(癎)患者(癫(癎)组)及60名健康自愿者(对照组)进行评定,并对生活质量与焦虑、抑郁作相关分析.结果 癫(癎)患者的生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均明显低于对照组(P＜0.01),而SAS及SDS评分则均明显高于对照组(P＜0.01);生活质量总分及躯体功能、心理功能、社会功能、物质生活4个维度分均与SAS及SDS评分呈显著性负相关.结论 癫(癎)患者的生活质量较差,焦虑、抑郁情绪明显;其生活质量与焦虑、抑郁情绪密切相关.     

抑郁障碍与人格障碍的共病研究

目的　了解抑郁障碍患者中人格障碍的发生率,探讨抑郁障碍与人格障碍的共病情况。方法　使用SCID- Ⅱ对102例抑郁障碍患者进行人格障碍的评估,并与102例正常人群对照,对抑郁障碍组进行汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定。结果　抑郁障碍组人格障碍的发生率为51.9%,31.4%的患者被诊断为两种或以上的人格障碍,显著高于对照组的14.7%;女性抑郁障碍患者人格障碍的发生率(63.5%)显著多于男性患者(40.0%);重性抑郁症与心境恶劣患者人格障碍的共病率则无统计学差异(P>0.05);抑郁障碍患者中最常见的人格障碍类型为回避型、强迫型、消极型以及偏执型。结论　抑郁障碍患者中具有较高的人格障碍患病率,对抑郁障碍和人格障碍的共病应引起临床高度重视。     

A Comparative Study on Alexithymia in Depressive,Somatoform, Anxiety,and Psychotic Disorders among Koreans

Objective

Little is known about the characteristic differences in alexithymic construct in various psychiatric disorders because of a paucity of direct comparisons between psychiatric disorders. Therefore, this study explored disorder-related differences in alexithymic characteristics among Korean patients diagnosed with four major psychiatric disorders (n=388).

Methods

Alexithymic tendencies, as measured by the Korean version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20K), of patients classified into four groups according to major psychiatric diagnosis were compared. The groups consisted of patients with depressive disorders (DP; n=125), somatoform disorders (SM; n=78), anxiety disorders (AX; n=117), and psychotic disorders (PS; n=68).

Results

We found that substantial portions of patients in all groups were classified as having alexithymia and no statistical intergroup differences emerged (42.4%, 35.9%, 35.3%, and 33.3% for DP, SM, PS, and AX). However, patients with DP obtained higher scores in factor 2 (difficulties describing feelings) than those with SM or AX, after adjusting for demographic variables.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that alexithymia might be associated with a higher vulnerability to depressive disorders and factor 2 of TAS-20K could be a discriminating feature of depressive disorders.     

Clinical characteristics of unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder according to the lifetime presence of recurrent panic attacks

Objectives:  The frequent comorbidity of panic and affective disorders has been described in previous studies. However, it is not clear how panic disorder comorbidity in unipolar disorder and bipolar disorder is related to illness course.
Methods:  We compared lifetime clinical characteristics of illness and items of symptomatology in samples of individuals with bipolar I disorder (n = 290) and unipolar disorder (n = 335) according to the lifetime presence of recurrent panic attacks.
Results:  We found significant differences in clinical course of illness characteristics that were shared across the unipolar and bipolar samples according to the lifetime presence of panic attacks. We also found a number of differences according to the presence of panic attacks that may be specific to the diagnostic group.
Conclusions:  Distinguishing patients who have mood disorder diagnoses, especially bipolar I disorder, according to the lifetime presence of panic attacks may not only be of use in clinical practice, but may also be informative for aetiological research, such as molecular genetic studies.     

Delusional versus nondelusional body dysmorphic disorder: clinical features and course of illness

DSM-IV's classification of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is controversial. Whereas BDD is classified as a somatoform disorder, its delusional variant is classified as a psychotic disorder. However, the relationship between these BDD variants has received little investigation. In this study, we compared BDD's delusional and nondelusional variants in 191 subjects using reliable and valid measures that assessed a variety of domains. Subjects with delusional BDD were similar to those with nondelusional BDD in terms of most variables, including most demographic features, BDD characteristics, most measures of functional impairment and quality of life, comorbidity, and family history. Delusional and nondelusional subjects also had a similar probability of remitting from BDD over 1 year of prospective follow-up. However, delusional subjects had significantly lower educational attainment, were more likely to have attempted suicide, had poorer social functioning on several measures, were more likely to have drug abuse or dependence, were less likely to currently be receiving mental health treatment, and had more severe BDD symptoms. However, when controlling for BDD symptom severity, the two groups differed only in terms of educational attainment. These findings indicate that BDD's delusional and nondelusional forms have many more similarities than differences, although on several measures delusional subjects evidenced greater morbidity, which appeared accounted for by their more severe BDD symptoms. Thus, these findings offer some support for the hypothesis that these two BDD variants may constitute the same disorder. Additional studies are needed to examine this issue, which may have relevance for other disorders with both delusional and nondelusional variants in DSM.     

Organic delusional disorder in psychiatric in-patients: comparison with delusional disorder

Organic delusional disorder (ODD) is rarely diagnosed in psychiatric in-patients, and may be misdiagnosed as delusional disorder (DD) from a similar clinical presentation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of ODD and to make a comparison with those of DD patients. Patients who conformed to DSM-III-R criteria for ODD were recruited from an 8-year psychiatric in-patient database. Matching controls were DD patients admitted over the same time period. The prevalence of ODD according to DSM-III-R criteria was 0.4% of total admissions and 2.9% of organic mental disorders. Compared to DD patients, ODD patients less often had a family psychiatric history, and had an older age of onset of psychiatric disorder, longer hospital stays and lower treatment dosage of antipsychotic drugs. It is suggested that a detailed medical history and examination are needed in patients with delusion, especially in patients with a late onset of psychiatric symptoms and no family psychiatric history.     

Personality and personality disorders among patients with major depression in combination with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders

Personality traits and personality disorders in 298 consecutive outpatients with pure major depression, major depression with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorder, pure dysthymic or cyclothymic disorder and other disorders were investigated. Patients with dysthymic or cyclothymic disorders alone or in combination with major depression showed more self-doubt, insecurity, sensitivity, compliance, rigidity and emotional instability. They were more schizoid, schizotypal, borderline and avoidant according to MCMI and had a higher prevalence of DSM-III Axis II diagnoses, and more borderline, avoidant, and passive-aggressive personality disorders, as measured by SIDP. All in all, dramatic and anxious clusters of personality disorders were more frequent among patients with dysthymic-cyclothymic disorders in addition to major depression than among patients with major depression only. The findings elucidated the close connection between the more chronic affective disorders and the personality disorders, irrespective of any concomitant diagnosis of major depression.     

精神病院中谵妄病人的临床分析

目的：探讨谵妄的病因和临床特点。方法：对符合ＣＣＭＤ－２－Ｒ意识障碍和ＤＳＭ－Ⅳ谵妄诊断标准１２１例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：引起谵妄的病因很多,以颅脑疾病为最常见,其次是综合因素。临床表现以意识障碍伴有思维不连贯,遗忘,视幼觉和行为紊乱等为主。结论：引起谵妄的病因很多,往往是多种原因作用的结果。谵妄的临床特点是急性起病,以意识障碍伴全面认识功能障碍,症状节律变化为主的临床症状群。     

Prevalence of Axis II Comorbidity in Bipolar Patients with and Without Alcohol Use Disorders

Objective: This study sought to determine the prevalence of comorbid personality disorder in euthymic bipolar I patients. Method: Sixty-one outpatients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders (SCID II) and/or the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revised (PDQ-R). Results: Thirty-eight percent of bipolar patients met criteria for an Axis II diagnosis based on the SCID II. Bipolar subjects with a history of comorbid alcohol use disorder were significantly more likely to have a SCID II diagnosis (52%) compared to those bipolar subjects without an alcohol use disorder history (24%). Cluster A diagnoses were significantly more common in the bipolar/alcohol use disorder group. The PDQ-R consistently overdiagnosed Axis II disorders, finding 62% of the overall bipolar group to have an Axis II diagnosis. Conclusions: Euthymic bipolar patients may have an increased rate of personality disorders, but much less so than previously reported in studies that did not take into account (1) current mood state, (2) comorbidity for an alcohol use disorder, and (3) instrument used for assessment of Axis II psychopathology.     

Posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder in adolescent bipolar disorder

Objective: Anxiety disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and substance use disorders (SUD) are increasingly recognized as comorbid disorders in children with bipolar disorder (BPD). This study explores the relationship between BPD, PTSD, and SUD in a cohort of BPD and non‐BPD adolescents. Methods: We studied 105 adolescents with BPD and 98 non‐mood‐disordered adolescent controls. Psychiatric assessments were made using the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia–Epidemiologic Version (KSADS‐E), or Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV (SCID) if 18 years or older. SUD was assessed by KSADS Substance Use module for subjects under 18 years, or SCID module for SUD if age 18 or older. Results: Nine (8%) BPD subjects endorsed PTSD and nine (8%) BPD subjects endorsed subthreshold PTSD compared to one (1%) control subject endorsing full PTSD and two (2%) controls endorsing subthreshold PTSD. Within BPD subjects endorsing PTSD, seven (39%) met criteria for SUD. Significantly more SUD was reported with full PTSD than with subthreshold PTSD (χ² = 5.58, p = 0.02) or no PTSD (χ² = 6.45, p = 0.01). Within SUD, the order of onset was BPD, PTSD, and SUD in three cases, while in two cases the order was PTSD, BPD, SUD. The remaining two cases experienced coincident onset of BPD and SUD, which then led to trauma, after which they developed PTSD and worsening SUD. Conclusion: An increased rate of PTSD was found in adolescents with BPD. Subjects with both PTSD and BPD developed significantly more subsequent SUD, with BPD, PTSD, then SUD being the most common order of onset. Follow‐up studies need to be conducted to elucidate the course and causal relationship of BPD, PTSD and SUD.