外伤性与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血脑血管痉挛的对比分析

目的对比分析外伤性与动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血发生脑血管痉挛的危险因素。方法收集50例外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血(TSAH)和72例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血(ASAH)的临床资料,采用单因素分析法及多因素Logistic回归分析法分析两组患者发生脑血管痉挛(CVS)的危险因素。结果TSAH患者体温,白细胞计数和舒张压水平均高于ASAH患者(P=0.041;P=0.005;P=0.000)。单因素分析发现高血压和Fisher分级对TSAH组发生CVS有显著影响(P=0.031;P=0.012);吸烟,二次出血,Fisher分级及Hunt-Hess分级对ASAH组发生CVS有显著影响(P=0.044;P=0.002;P=0.025;P=0.010);多因素Logistic回归分析发现对于TSAH患者,仅Fisher分级是CVS的危险因素(OR=0.237,95%CI 0.065-0.857,P=0.028);对于ASAH患者,二次出血(OR=12.035,95%CI 1.645-88.028,P=0.014),Fisher分级(OR=0.200,95%CI 0.056-0.717,P=0.013)和Hunt-Hess分级(OR=0.259,95%CI 0.073-0.919,P=0.037)是发生CVS的危险因素。结论对于TSAH患者,仅Fisher分级是发生CVS的危险因素;而对于ASAH患者,其发生CVS的危险因素包括二次出血,Fisher分级和Hunt-Hess分级。     

蛛网膜下腔出血后症状性脑血管痉挛的危险因素分析

目的 症状性脑血管痉孪(symptomatic cerebral vasospasm,SCVS)是影响蛛网膜下腔出血预后的主要因素之一.寻找与SCVS相关的危险因素,将具有重要临床意义.方法 总结大连医科大学附属第二医院211例SAH患者临床资料,分别对年龄、性别、高血压等17项危险因素进行统计分析.结果 211例SAH患者中,共出现SCVS患者81例;单因素分析,年龄、高血压史、Hunt-Hess分级、改良Fisher分级、动脉瘤位置、发热情况和脑室内积血7项指标2组间有差异.多因素Logistic回归分析,年龄(OR=1.027,95%CI 1.002～1.053,P＜0.05)和改良Fisher分级(OR=2.985,95%CI 2.048～4.352,P＜0.05)进入方程.结论 SCVS占蛛网膜下腔出血患者的38.4%.蛛网膜下腔出血后SCVS是多因素共同作用的结果.年龄和改良Fisher分级是SCVS的独立危险因素.     

腰大池引流降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后分流依赖性脑积水影响因素分析

目的探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后分流依赖性脑积水发生情况及影响因素,旨在为改善动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者预后提供参考依据。方法选择我院2010-04—2014-04收治的205例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血为观察对象,患者均给予腰大池引流术,采用自编问卷系统收集患者临床资料,采用描述性分析和二分类Logistic回归分析找出动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血术后分流依赖性脑积水情况及影响因素。结果动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水率为26.31%。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,年龄大(β=0.52,OR=1.68)、入院时Hunt-Hess分级高(β=1.86,OR=6.45)、入院时Fisher分级高(β=1.96,OR=7.10)、后循环动脉瘤破裂(β=0.67,OR=1.96)、脑室内出血(β=1.68,OR=5.39)、平均每日脑脊液引流量大(β=0.76,OR=2.14)是分流依赖性脑积水的危险因素。结论动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水率仍较高,继发因素受多方面原因影响,应采取针对性的预防干预措施降低动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血分流依赖性脑积水发生率,改善患者的预后。     

颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中危险因素分析

目的探讨颅内破裂动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中的相关危险因素。方法以2013年1月至2018年1月施行颅内动脉瘤夹闭术辅助脑室外引流术或去骨瓣减压术的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者为观察对象,单因素和多因素后退法Logistic回归分析筛查术后并发急性缺血性卒中的相关危险因素。结果共267例患者中62例(23.22%)颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中;单因素与多因素Logistic回归分析一致提示,合并高血压(OR=1.695,95%CI:1.247～2.631;P=0.006)、入院时血糖升高(OR=4.206,95%CI:2.771～6.284;P=0.000)、术前Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级(OR=1.443,95%CI:1.205～1.872;P=0.017)、合并脑室出血(OR=1.947,95%CI:1.465～2.973;P=0.001)和急性脑积水(OR=3.221,95%CI:2.218～4.960;P=0.000)是颅内动脉瘤夹闭术后并发急性缺血性卒中的危险因素。结论合并高血压、入院时血糖升高、术前Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、合并脑室出血和急性脑积水的颅内破裂动脉瘤患者夹闭术后易发生急性缺血性卒中。     

动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛危险因素的分析

目的 探讨动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的危险因素.方法 回顾性分析93例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者的临床资料,研究脑血管痉挛的危险因素.结果 93例动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者中共有28例患者(30.1％)发生脑血管痉挛.Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级血管痉挛发生率明显高于Hunt-Hess分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级血管痉挛发生率明显高于Fisher分级Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);白细胞计数＞ 15×109的患者脑血管痉挛发生率(41.9％,18/43)明显升高(P＜0.05).结论 Hunt-Hess分级≥Ⅲ级、Fisher分级≥Ⅲ级、白细胞计数增高是蛛网膜下腔出血后脑血管痉挛的危险因素.     

影响颅内动脉瘤破裂后手术预后的多因素分析

目的分析影响颅内动脉瘤破裂后手术预后的相关因素。方法应用Logistic回归模型,对91例患者性别、年龄、高血压病史、病情HuntandHess分级、蛛网膜下腔出血Fisher分级等5项指标共14个水平分别进行单因素及多因素分析。结果年龄≥60岁、蛛网膜下腔出血Fisher分级和病情HuntandHess分级是影响动脉瘤手术预后的独立危险因素。结论通过年龄、蛛网膜下腔出血Fisher分级和病情HuntandHess分级可大致评估预后,要建立精确的预测模型,仍需加大样本量。     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂危险因素分析

目的 分析颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析106例开颅显微手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤病人,对可能影响其破裂的因素,如性别、年龄、高血压病史、Hunt-Hess分级、CT-Fisher分级、动脉瘤部位、大小、瘤颈宽窄、手术时机、临时阻断夹应用与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤等,进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,寻找影响术中破裂的危险因素.结果 术中破裂动脉瘤的发生率是26.13%;Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤瘤颈宽窄、临时阻断与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤是术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素;宽颈动脉瘤(OR=10.791,P=0.000),存在假性动脉瘤(OR=32.752,P=0.002),Hunt-Hess分级(OR=0.073,P=0.002)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立危险因素;术中临时阻断技术的应用(OR=0.055,P=0.001)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立保护因素.结论 颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂主要与宽颈动脉瘤、存在假性动脉瘤、Hunt-Hess分级有关.临时阻断技术的应用为保护因素.     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂危险因素分析

目的 分析颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析106例开颅显微手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤病人,对可能影响其破裂的因素,如性别、年龄、高血压病史、Hunt-Hess分级、CT-Fisher分级、动脉瘤部位、大小、瘤颈宽窄、手术时机、临时阻断夹应用与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤等,进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,寻找影响术中破裂的危险因素.结果 术中破裂动脉瘤的发生率是26.13%;Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤瘤颈宽窄、临时阻断与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤是术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素;宽颈动脉瘤(OR=10.791,P=0.000),存在假性动脉瘤(OR=32.752,P=0.002),Hunt-Hess分级(OR=0.073,P=0.002)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立危险因素;术中临时阻断技术的应用(OR=0.055,P=0.001)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立保护因素.结论 颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂主要与宽颈动脉瘤、存在假性动脉瘤、Hunt-Hess分级有关.临时阻断技术的应用为保护因素.     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂危险因素分析

目的 分析颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析106例开颅显微手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤病人,对可能影响其破裂的因素,如性别、年龄、高血压病史、Hunt-Hess分级、CT-Fisher分级、动脉瘤部位、大小、瘤颈宽窄、手术时机、临时阻断夹应用与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤等,进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,寻找影响术中破裂的危险因素.结果 术中破裂动脉瘤的发生率是26.13%;Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤瘤颈宽窄、临时阻断与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤是术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素;宽颈动脉瘤(OR=10.791,P=0.000),存在假性动脉瘤(OR=32.752,P=0.002),Hunt-Hess分级(OR=0.073,P=0.002)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立危险因素;术中临时阻断技术的应用(OR=0.055,P=0.001)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立保护因素.结论 颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂主要与宽颈动脉瘤、存在假性动脉瘤、Hunt-Hess分级有关.临时阻断技术的应用为保护因素.     

颅内动脉瘤术中破裂危险因素分析

目的 分析颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂的相关因素.方法 回顾性分析106例开颅显微手术治疗的颅内动脉瘤病人,对可能影响其破裂的因素,如性别、年龄、高血压病史、Hunt-Hess分级、CT-Fisher分级、动脉瘤部位、大小、瘤颈宽窄、手术时机、临时阻断夹应用与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤等,进行单因素和多因素logistic回归分析,寻找影响术中破裂的危险因素.结果 术中破裂动脉瘤的发生率是26.13%;Hunt-Hess分级、动脉瘤瘤颈宽窄、临时阻断与否、是否存在假性动脉瘤是术中动脉瘤破裂的危险因素;宽颈动脉瘤(OR=10.791,P=0.000),存在假性动脉瘤(OR=32.752,P=0.002),Hunt-Hess分级(OR=0.073,P=0.002)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立危险因素;术中临时阻断技术的应用(OR=0.055,P=0.001)是术中动脉瘤破裂独立保护因素.结论 颅内动脉瘤显微外科手术术中破裂主要与宽颈动脉瘤、存在假性动脉瘤、Hunt-Hess分级有关.临时阻断技术的应用为保护因素.     

Prevalence,demographic and clinical characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder among psychiatric outpatients with mood,anxiety or somatoform disorders

Aims: To describe the prevalence, demographic and clinical characteristics of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) compared with other psychiatric outpatients with a mood, anxiety or somatoform disorder. Method: Outpatients referred for treatment of a mood, anxiety or somatoform disorder were routinely assessed at intake. A structured interview (MINI-Plus), observer-based and self-rating instruments were administered by an independent assessor. Results: Among our sample of 3798 referred patients, 2947 patients were diagnosed with at least one DSM-IV mood, anxiety or somatoform disorder. Of these patients 1.8% (n = 54) met the diagnostic criteria for BDD. In comparison with other outpatients, patients with BDD were on average younger, less often married and were more often living alone. Highly prevalent comorbid diagnoses were major depression (in 46.3% of cases), social anxiety disorder (in 35.2% of cases) and obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) (in 16.7% of cases). Furthermore, patients with BDD had higher scores on the Clinical Global Impression of Severity (CGI-S) as well as lower scores on the Short Form 36 social role functioning. Conclusion: BDD is frequently associated with depression, social phobia and OCD. Patients with BDD have more distress and more impaired interpersonal functioning.     

Incidence of DIS/DSM-IV social phobia in adults.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to estimate the incidence of social phobia in the general population. METHOD: The Baltimore cohort of 3481 subjects, sampled during the 1981 Epidemiologic Catchment Area study, was traced. A total of 1920 subjects were re-interviewed from 1993 to 1996 using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS). A subsample of 349 subjects was interviewed by psychiatrists using the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry. RESULTS: The estimated incidence of DIS/DSM-IV social phobia is 4-5/1000/year. New cases were found in all age groups, with the highest rates in subjects with baseline depressive and panic disorders. Psychiatric evaluations showed broad diagnostic concordance with DIS diagnoses in incident cases. However, validity indices were highly dependent on diagnostic thresholds. None of the psychiatrist-ascertained social phobics had received treatment for the disorder, although the majority were considered likely to benefit from treatment. CONCLUSION: New cases of social phobia occur in adults of all age groups, and are often secondary to other psychiatric conditions.     

躯体形式障碍患者的人格障碍倾向调查

目的:探讨躯体形式障碍(SD)患者的人格障碍倾向。方法:对64例SD患者(SD组)和52名正常对照者(NC组)进行人格诊断问卷(PDQ-4)评估和比较。结果:SD组中,人格障碍筛查阳性为37例(57.81%),介于阳性与阴性间10例(15.6%);以C组人格障碍类型中的强迫型最常见。NC组中,人格障碍筛查阳性4例(7.7%),介于阳性与阴性间4例(7.7%)。SD组人格障碍筛查阳性率显著高于NC组(χ2=31.54,P0.001)。结论:SD患者人格障碍筛查阳性率较高,提示人格特质异常可能与SD的发病机制密切相关。     

Cross-cultural influences on psychogenic movement disorders - a comparative review with a Brazilian series of 83 cases

Objective

To describe the profile and presentation of a Brazilian series of psychogenic movement disorders (PMD) patients and to perform a comparative analysis with the previous series published worldwide.

Methods

A total of 83 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PMD were included. All patients were assessed and followed at the Movement Disorders Outpatient clinic from 2000 to 2008. Demographic, clinical, paraclinical, and treatment outcome data were collected using a standardized protocol. The Gupta & Lang criteria were used for the diagnosis of PMD.

Results

Seventy-three patients were females (87.95%), with mean age of onset of 39 ± 5.1 years. Tremor was the most frequent PMD, occurring in 42 (50.6%) patients followed by dystonia, in 27 (32.5%) patients. Cerebellar-like ataxia was seen in 3 patients (4.16%). Psychiatric co-morbidities were diagnosed in 67 (80.7%) of the patients. Thirty-five of the 58 patients (60.3%) who were managed and followed up for six months had some degree of improvement, including 22 patients (37.9%) with complete or almost complete remission.

Conclusion

In this series of patients with PMD, tremor and dystonia were most frequent PMD. Our results overlap those of the literature regarding most demographic and clinical findings, demonstrating the trans-cultural aspect of PMD.