缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉狭窄的分布特征及其危险因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑血管病患者脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄闭塞的分布特点,分析并比较颅内、外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的危险因素.方法 对206例连续行主动脉弓及全脑血管造影检查的缺血性脑血管病患者的临床与血管造影资料进行分析,比较不同动脉病变类型患者间的危险因素的差异.结果 206例患者中,131例存在脑动脉狭窄或闭塞.脑动脉狭窄的好发部位主要为颈内动脉起始部和椎动脉起始部,颅外动脉病变(EAD)的发生率为71.0%,颅内动脉病变(IAD)的发生率为67.9%.青年患者大部分为单纯IAD,主要累及大脑中动脉(MCA);而中年及老年患者以颅内外病变并存比例最高,病变最好发于颈内动脉起始部.吸烟对于颅内、外动脉狭窄的影响较大,血脂异常、同型半胱氨酸血症对于颅内动脉狭窄的影响较大,高龄、高血压、冠心病和糖尿病对颅外动脉狭窄的影响较大.结论 颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄闭塞病变的发生率高于颅内.不同动脉粥样硬化性病变类型患者的危险因素有所不同.     

代谢综合征与颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的相关性研究

目的:探讨代谢综合征(Metabolic syndrome,MS)与颅内外动脉粥样硬化性病变的相关性。方法:连续收集579例因急性脑梗塞或血管性危险因素入院的患者,借助经颅多普勒超声和/或核磁共振血管成像明确有无颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄,分为狭窄组和非狭窄组;采用IDF的MS诊断标准,明确两组MS的发生率;分析颅内外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的危险因素,并探讨MS与颅内、颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的相关性。结果:1、狭窄组和非狭窄组MS的发生率分别为71.26%,58.43%,两组比较有统计学差异(P=0.0015)。2、与脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄相关的危险因素依次为:脑梗塞病史、高血糖、高胆固醇血症、高血压、低HDL血症,年龄,MS并非脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的独立危险因素,OR0.798。3、MS与颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄相关,OR1.736,但其风险依赖于其组分中的高血糖、高血压及低HDL血症;MS与颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄不相关,OR1.466。结论:MS不是脑动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的独立危险因素,MS与颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄相关,但这种危险性依赖于MS各组分,MS与颅外动脉粥样硬化性狭窄无相关性。     

缺血性卒中患者颅内动脉狭窄的相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨颅内动脉狭窄的狭窄程度、相关危险因素与缺血性脑卒中的关系,为缺血性卒中的防治提供重要依据.方法 90例缺血性卒中患者根据全DSA检查结果分为非狭窄组(狭窄<30%)与颅内动脉狭窄组(狭窄≥30%或闭塞),分析颅内动脉狭窄程度与年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症、冠心病、家族史、总胆固醇(CHO)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆同醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白 A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)、血清脂蛋白(Lpa)等相关危险因素的关系.结果 (1)本组患者颅内动脉狭窄发生率为67.78%,发生率最高为大脑巾动脉,其次颈内动脉颅内段和椎基底动脉颅内段,发生率最低为大脑后动脉.(2)有高血压、糖尿病的缺血性卒中患者容易发生颅内动脉狭窄,其同归系数、OR值、P值分别为1.659、5.256、0.002,1.657、5.241、0.046.(3)颅内动脉狭窄组HDL-C含量[(0.99±0.30)mmol/L]比非狭窄组[(1.30±0.50)mmol/L]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=3.603,P=0.001).(4)年龄、性别、吸烟、既往卒中史、脑血管病家族史、TC、TG、LDL-C、ApoA1、ApoB、Lpa在两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 缺血性卒中患者颅内血管狭窄的主要危险因素有高血压、糖尿病,保护因素有HDL-C.     

症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄血管内治疗中国专家共识2018

正颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄(intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,ICAS)是导致缺血性卒中重要原因之一,不同人种之间差异明显,亚裔人群中颅内动脉粥样硬化性卒中患者占30%～50%,北美人群中仅有8%～10%~([1-2])。2014年中国症状性颅内大动脉狭窄与闭塞研究(Chinese Intracranial Atherosclerosis,CICAS)结果显示中国缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)患者中颅     

环指蛋白213基因单核苷酸多态性与中国汉族缺血性卒中相关性研究

目的探讨环指蛋白213(RNF213)基因P.R4810K(G>A)单核苷酸多态性与中国汉族缺血性卒中的关系。方法纳入2013年6月~2013年12月入住郑州大学第一附属医院神经内科汉族缺血性脑卒中患者,所有患者均行血管影像学检查,包括磁共振血管成像(MRA)或者CT血管成像(CTA),分为颅内大动脉狭窄或闭塞亚组(intracranial major artery stenosis/occlusion,ICASO)及无颅内大动脉狭窄或闭塞亚组(non-ICASO),同时选取性别、年龄与缺血性脑卒中组相匹配的健康汉族人为对照组。通过聚合酶链式反应及直接测序方法行多态性位点分析。结果共纳入285例中国汉族缺血性脑卒中患者,其中139例(48.8%)存在不同程度颅内动脉狭窄或者闭塞,146例(51.2%)无颅内大动脉狭窄或闭塞。RNF213基因P.R4810K多态性在缺血性卒中组、ICASO亚组、非ICASO亚组、正常对照组的发生率分别为0.35%(1/285)、0.72%(1/139)、0(0/146)、0.33%(1/300)。和对照组相比,RNF213基因P.R4810K多态性与缺血性卒中组差异无统计学意义(P=1,odds ratio[OR]1.053,95%confidence interval[CI]0.066~16.912),与合并颅内大动脉狭窄或者闭塞亚组间差异同样无统计学意义(P=0.533,OR 2.167,95%CI 0.135~34.894)。结论 RNF213基因P.R4810K单核苷酸多态性与中国汉族缺血性脑卒中及存在ICASO的缺血性脑卒中患者的易患性无相关性,但需在较大样本中进一步验证。     

41例青年缺血性脑卒中病因、危险因素及影像学特点探析

目的 探讨青年缺血性脑卒中的常见病因、危险因素及影像学特点.方法 回顾性分析41例18-44岁青年缺血性脑卒中患者病例资料,按TOAST分类探讨各病因、危险因素并分析其影像学特点.结果 明确病因的青年缺血性脑卒中患者,病因依次为脑动脉粥样硬化、感染性/非感染性脑血管炎、心源性脑栓塞、小动脉闭塞、血管畸形和颅内血管瘤,常见危险因素包括血脂异常、Lp(a)升高、吸烟、高血压、心脏疾病和糖尿病史,ESR、hsCRP升高对卒中的发生有激发作用.影像学表现的特点与病因类型关系密切,有助于卒中的病因诊断和二级预防.结论 青年缺血性脑卒中病因及危险因素多样,脑动脉粥样硬化和脑血管炎较常见,明确病因有赖于完善各项检查.     

缺血性脑卒中/短暂性脑缺血发作患者脑动脉病变分布相关危险因素分析

目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中(ischemic stroke,IS)/短暂性脑缺血发作(transient ischemic attack,TIA)脑动脉病变分布的相关危险因素.方法 对169例IS/TIA患者行颈部及颅内脑血管检查,记录血管病变危险因素如年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、长期吸烟、长期饮酒等病史,同时记录实验室、心电图、超声心动图、腹部B超、胸X片等检查结果.确定单变量与不同狭窄模式的相关性采用单变量Logistic回归分析,确定不同颅内外大动脉狭窄模式的独立危险因素采用多元逐步和多变量多项分类Logistic回归分析.结果 高龄、长期吸烟及高低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)是颅内外大动脉狭窄的独立危险因素,发生颅内外大动脉狭窄的风险分别增加了1.83、6.918、1.656倍;脑卒中史(OR=4.816)、长期吸烟(OR=121.608)、高LDL-C(OR=3.067)是单纯颅内大动脉狭窄的独立危险因素;高龄(OR =2.486)、长期吸烟(OR=25.072)、高LDL-C(OR=5.160)是颅内外大动脉狭窄并存的独立危险因素;而高纤维蛋白原(OR =4.790)是单纯颅外大动脉狭窄的独立危险因素.结论 不同类型颅内外大动脉狭窄病变的独立危险因素不同.     

脑动脉狭窄的分布及影像学评估研究进展

我国10%～20%的缺血性卒中患者是由脑动脉狭窄所致,究其病因主要是动脉粥样硬化。 我国缺血性卒中患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄发生率高于颅外动脉。因此,颅内外动脉粥样硬化性 狭窄的早期诊断对预防卒中的发生具有重要临床意义。目前,磁共振血管成像（magnetic resonance angiography,MRA）、高分辨率磁共振成像（high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging,HRMRI）、计算 机断层扫描血管造影（computed tomography angiography,CTA）、数字减影血管造影（digital subtraction angiography,DSA）等影像学检查已广泛应用于颅内外动脉狭窄的评估。通过血管影像学显示狭窄分 布差异,从而探索卒中的发病机制已成为近些年研究的热点,本文就缺血性卒中患者的脑动脉狭窄 分布规律及影像学评估的研究进展情况做一综述。     

合并颅内外血管病变的缺血性卒中患者相关危险因素的回顾性研究

目的 研究卒中危险因素在缺血性卒中合并/不合并颅内/外大血管病变患者中的分布.方法 根据头部血管影像学(B超、CTA、MRA及DSA)对304例急性缺血性卒中患者是否合并有责任的大血管狭窄进行分组,回顾性分析在不同分组间各个危险因素的差异及相对危险度.结果 对比腔隙性缺血性卒中(lacunar stroke,Lac-s),年龄>65岁的患者发生大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中(large artery artherosclerosis stroke,LAA-s)的风险增高2倍;在吸烟人群中,这种风险增高2.3倍,血糖稳定机制异常患者发生LAA-s的风险比Lac-s高近2.8倍,而糖尿病人群中这种风险增高2.3倍,其他卒中危险因素在两组间的分布未见统计学差异(P>0.05).在缺血性卒中合并责任和非责任大血管病变间,各种危险因素分布无差别.在缺血性卒中合并颅外责任血管病变(Stroke with extracranial artery artheroscloerosis,ECAA-s)组和合并颅内责任血管病变(Stroke with intracranial artery artheroscloerosis,ICAA-s)组间,男性与ECAA-s组相关性更加密切(P=0.001,OR=0.15),男性发生ECAA-s的风险是发生ICAA-s的6.7倍;血糖增高的患者显示出ICAA-s的高风险(P=0.012,OR=2.61).结论 年龄>65岁、吸烟和糖尿病患者更容易发生大动脉粥样硬化性缺血性卒中;血糖的异常增高带来缺血性卒中合并颅内大血管风险的增高,男性卒中患者更加容易发生颅外大血管责任性病变.     

经颅多普勒和颈动脉超声检测高血压患者无症状性颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变

目的分析无脑缺血症状的高血压患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变的发生频率及分布特征,并探讨其危险因素。方法对106例无脑缺血症状的高血压患者采用经颅多普勒超声(Transcranial Doppler,TCD)和颈动脉超声判断颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变,分析各危险因素的影响。结果 69例有颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变,其中23例颅内动脉狭窄,2例颅外颈动脉狭窄或闭塞。颅内动脉狭窄发生率明显高于颅外颈动脉狭窄或闭塞(P<0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示与年龄、高血压病病程及高脂血症相关。结论无脑缺血症状的高血压病患者,半数以上存在颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变,年龄、高血压病病程和高脂血症是颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变的独立危险因素。     

Bilateral intracranial vertebral artery disease in the New England Medical Center, Posterior Circulation Registry.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies of patients with bilateral intracranial vertebral artery (ICVA) disease were selective and retrospective. METHODS: We studied risk factors, vascular lesions, symptoms, signs, and outcomes in patients with bilateral ICVA disease among 430 patients in the New England Medical Center Posterior Circulation Registry. RESULTS: Forty-two patients had bilateral ICVA occlusive disease (18 had bilateral stenosis; 16, unilateral occlusion and contralateral stenosis; and 8, bilateral occlusion). The most common risk factors were hypertension (32/42 [76%]) and hyperlipidemia (22/42 [52%]). Sixteen patients (38%) had transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) only; 18 (43%), TIAs before stroke. Occlusive vascular disease also involved the basilar artery in 29 patients (69%), the extracranial vertebral arteries in 18 (43%), and the internal carotid arteries in 11 (26%). Only 6 patients had no other major vascular lesion. Cerebellar symptoms were common. Among 30 patients with infarction, 21 (70%) had proximal intracranial territory involvement, and 15 (50%) had distal territory involvement. The location of occlusive lesions in relation to posterior inferior cerebellar artery origins did not significantly influence prognosis. During follow-up, 31 patients had no symptoms or slight disability, 2 had progression, and 7 died. Among 7 patients with poor outcome, 6 also had basilar artery stenosis or occlusion and 5 had proximal and distal intracranial territory infarcts. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with bilateral ICVA occlusive disease have hypertension, other major occlusive lesions, and TIAs before stroke. Short- and long-term outcomes are usually favorable, but patients with bilateral ICVA and basilar artery-occlusive lesions often have poor outcomes.     

Stroke risk factors and development of collateral flow in carotid occlusive disease

Background and purpose – Blood flow through collateral vessels compensates for reduced blood flow through stenotic or occluded extracranial carotid arteries. Previous studies have shown that extent of collateral flow influences likelihood of stroke and its outcome. Here we analyzed the relationship between stroke risk factors (hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, tobacco smoking and hypercholesterolemia) and number of patent intracranial collaterals detected by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Subjects and methods – We studied 182 patients with various degrees of angiography proven unilateral stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Contribution of the anterior and posterior communicating arteries to the perfusion of the cerebral hemisphere on the side of the stenosis or occlusion was evaluated by a series of compression tests performed during continuous insonation of the middle cerebral artery. The number of detected collateral vessels was correlated with analyzed stroke risk factors. Results – Subjects with stenosis more than 75% or occlusion of the internal carotid artery had a higher frequency of two major intracranial collateral vessels ( P 0.01 and P 0.001, respectively). Hypertensive patients with stenosis more than 75% or total carotid occlusion were more likely to have only a single collateral vessel than patients without hypertension ( P 0.01 and P 0.05, respectively). Other risk factors did not influence the patency of preformed collateral vessels. Conclusions – Hypertension hindered the development of preformed intracranial collateral vessels in our patients with carotid occlusive disease.     

Mechanisms of recurrence in subtypes of ischemic stroke: a hospital-based follow-up study

BACKGROUND: Information on the mechanism of recurrent stroke may help physicians treating patients with ischemic stroke. However, the mechanisms of recurrence in each stroke subtype are not well known, especially in Asians. OBJECTIVE: To compare the mechanisms of the index and recurrent stroke. DESIGN: Analysis of data from a prospective acute stroke registry. SETTING: University hospital. PATIENTS: Using the clinical syndrome, diffusion-weighted imaging, and vascular studies, we divided 901 patients into 5 groups: large-artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small-artery disease, parent-artery disease occluding the deep perforators, and no determined cause. The patients with large-artery atherosclerosis were subdivided into 2 groups: intracranial and extracranial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mechanisms of recurrent vascular events (strokes or coronary heart disease) in subtypes of ischemic stroke were compared. RESULTS: Ninety-three recurrent vascular events (86 strokes and 7 instances of coronary heart disease) were evaluated. The pattern of recurrent stroke differed for the intracranial and extracranial groups; unlike the patients with intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis, recurrent strokes in the extracranial group were often unpredictable with respect to the site of recurrence and degree of preexisting stenosis. None of the patients in the extracranial group had recurrences that were caused by intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis or vice versa. In patients with small-artery disease and stroke with no determined cause, intracranial stenosis was often found at the time of recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: From prognostic and therapeutic perspectives, patients with atherosclerosis should be divided into those with intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis and extracranial large-artery atherosclerosis. In addition, intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis may be important in the development of small-artery disease and stroke with no determined cause, especially in the population with a higher frequency of intracranial large-artery atherosclerosis.     

Risk factors for atherosclerosis of cervicocerebral arteries: intracranial versus extracranial

OBJECTIVES: To search for factors determining the site of atherosclerosis of the cervicocerebral arteries in patients from Bangkok (Thailand) with ischemic stroke in the carotid territory. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Patients with the clinical syndrome of stroke or transient ischemic attack in the carotid territory or with ocular stroke were retrospectively studied. They were divided into an intracranial and an extracranial carotid stenosis group based on their vascular imaging. The stroke risk factors were then compared. RESULTS: There were 49 cases with extracranial carotid stenosis and 51 with intracranial stenosis. Among the patients with extracranial stenosis, 98% had associated intracranial disease, whereas none of those with intracranial stenosis had more than 50% of extracranial carotid stenosis. The presence of diabetes mellitus and a history of ischemic heart disease were found to be significantly more prevalent among patients with extracranial internal carotid artery stenosis. CONCLUSION: Diabetes mellitus as well as a history of ischemic heart disease were found to be more significantly prevalent in patients with combined extracranial internal carotid artery and intracranial stenosis. Extracranial carotid stenosis might represent a more severe atherosclerotic process of the cervicocerebral circulation when compared with intracranial stenosis.     

Chinese-white differences in the distribution of occlusive cerebrovascular disease

The distribution of cerebrovascular lesions is affected by race. Blacks and Japanese have more intracranial occlusive cerebrovascular disease, while whites have more extracranial disease. Despite a high incidence of stroke in China, there are few formal studies of the distribution of vascular occlusive disease in Chinese populations. We compared clinical and angiographic features of 24 white and 24 Chinese patients with symptomatic occlusive cerebrovascular disease. In symptomatic vascular territories, whites had more severe (greater than or equal to 50% stenosis) extracranial lesions, while Chinese had more severe intracranial lesions. When we counted mild and severe lesions in a symptomatic territory, whites had more extracranial lesions while Chinese had more intracranial lesions. When we combined symptomatic and asymptomatic territories, whites had more extracranial lesions, while Chinese had more intracranial lesions. White patients reported more transient ischemic attacks. The distribution of lesions, however, was not explained by differences in incidence of transient ischemia, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, or ischemic heart disease between the groups. The preponderance of intracranial vascular lesions in Chinese patients is similar to that seen in blacks and Japanese. Racial differences in the occurrence of extracranial and intracranial lesions raise the possibility of a different underlying pathophysiology for the 2 locations.     

经颅多普勒超声和颈动脉超声检测无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病患者颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变

目的 分析无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病患者颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄和颅外颈动脉粥样硬化病变的发生频率及分布特征,并探讨其危险因素.方法 对94例无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病住院患者用经颅多普勒超声(TCD)和颈动脉超声判断颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变,颅内动脉只分析狭窄,颅外动脉病变包括颈动脉斑块及狭窄.分析各危险因素的影响.结果 55例(58.5%)有颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变.22例(23.4%)发现有颅内动脉狭窄,明显高于颅外颈动脉狭窄或闭塞(3/94,3.2%,χ~2=16.66,P＜0.01).大脑中动脉是颅内最常受累的动脉(狭窄率17.0%),占狭窄动脉数的58.5%.48例(51.0%)有颅外颈动脉粥样斑块或狭窄.Logistic多元回归分析显示糖尿病病程和合并高血压是颅内外动脉粥样硬化病变的独立危险因素.结论 无脑缺血症状的2型糖尿病住院患者,半数以上有颅内外动脉粥样硬化改变,且与糖尿病病程及合并高血压有关,提示对上述高危患者应常规进行超声检测.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者颅内/外动脉狭窄的特点及危险因素

目的 研究下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（peripheral artery disease,PAD）并发颅内/外动脉狭窄的发生率、危 险因素以及与临床症状的关系。 方法 选取2016年7月-2017年7月PAD患者共155例,收集患者临床资料。PAD临床症状根据Fontaine 分类分为I 期无症状,II 期间歇性跛行,II I 期静息痛,I V期足趾溃疡、坏疽。根据经颅多普勒超声 （transcranial Doppler,TCD）结果将颅内外动脉狭窄程度分为无狭窄、轻中度狭窄（＜70%）和重度狭窄 或闭塞（≥70%）。分析颅内/外动脉狭窄在PAD患者中的发生率,PAD合并颅内/外动脉狭窄的危险因 素以及PAD下肢缺血程度及围手术期卒中发生与颅内/外动脉狭窄的关系。 结果 本研究中合并颅内和/或颅外动脉狭窄的PAD患者共99例（63.9%）,其中颅外段动脉狭窄与 颅内段动脉狭窄分别为66例（42.6%）和67例（43.2%）。PAD合并颅外段动脉重度狭窄或闭塞27例 （17.4%）,合并颅内段动脉重度狭窄或闭塞4例（2.6%）。年龄[比值比（odds ratio,OR）1.041,95%可信 区间（confidence interval,CI）1.004～1.080,P =0.030]和吸烟（OR 2.728,95%CI 1.125～6.619,P =0.026） 是PAD合并颅外段动脉狭窄的危险因素。糖尿病（OR 2.196,95%CI 1.079～4.470,P =0.030）是PAD合 并颅内段动脉狭窄的危险因素。吸烟（OR 3.57,95%CI 1.078～11.411,P =0.037）是PAD合并颅内/外段 动脉重度狭窄的危险因素。与无颅内动脉狭窄患者相比,PAD合并颅内动脉狭窄患者更容易发生严重 下肢缺血症状（Ⅱ期和Ⅲ期）（67.2% vs 50.0%,P =0.032）。与轻中度颅外段动脉狭窄相比,PAD合并 颅外段动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的患者更容易发生围手术期卒中（17.4% vs 1.1%,P =0.006）。 结论 PAD合并颅内/外动脉狭窄发病率较高,颅内动脉狭窄患者PAD临床症状更严重,而颅外动脉 重度狭窄或闭塞则可能导致围手术期卒中发生率升高。     

MR angiographic evaluation of carotid and intracranial arteries in Japanese patients scheduled for coronary artery bypass grafting

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Stroke is a serious complication of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Preoperative evaluation of the cerebral arteries to identify patients at increased risk of stroke after CABG is important. In a prospective study, we evaluated cerebral artery occlusive lesions with MR angiography in Japanese patients scheduled to undergo CABG to determine the prevalence of occlusive diseases in the extracranial carotid and intracranial arteries in this population and to identify preoperative risk factors for these patients. METHODS: The subjects were 151 consecutive patients (115 men and 36 women ranging in age from 41 to 82 years) who were scheduled for CABG under nonemergency conditions between October 1995 and February 1998. Carotid and intracranial arteries were examined for occlusive lesions with MR angiography. Patient demographics and risk factors including age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking habit, history of stroke, peripheral vascular disease and preoperative thromboembolic infarcts revealed by MR imaging were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS: Cervical carotid artery stenoses of more than 50% narrowing were detected in 16.6% of the subjects, and intracranial artery stenoses of more than 50% narrowing were detected in 21.2% of the subjects. Multiple logistic regression analyses identified peripheral vascular disease and lacunar infarcts in the basal ganglia as significant and independent predictors of cervical carotid arterial stenoses. No significant predictor for intracranial arterial stenoses was identified. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of extracranial carotid and intracranial artery stenosis in Japanese patients scheduled for CABG is considerably high. MR angiography is of value of identifying these patients. Preoperative evaluation of cranial arteries is recommended, particularly in patients with peripheral vascular disease and infarcts in the basal ganglia.     

缺血性卒中患者颅内外动脉狭窄与高血压、糖尿病的研究

目的 探讨缺血性卒中患者的颅内外动脉狭窄特点及程度与高血压病、糖尿病的病史及控制水平的 关系。 方法 回顾性分析住院治疗的存在颅内外动脉狭窄且并发高血压或糖尿病的大动脉粥样硬化性急 性缺血性卒中患者资料。将高血压患者分为高年限组（病史>5年）和低年限组（病史≤5年）,血压 控制良好组和不良组;将糖尿病患者也分为高年限组（病史>5年）和低年限组（病史≤5年）,血糖 控制良好组和不良组。比较不同组间颅内外动脉狭窄分布情况、血管狭窄程度。 结果 共入组216例急性缺血性卒中患者,其中57例颅外动脉狭窄,105例颅内动脉狭窄,54例颅内 外动脉均狭窄。轻度狭窄发生73例,中度狭窄发生101例,重度狭窄及闭塞发生42例。高血压病患者 共140例,高年限组动脉狭窄最常见于颅内动脉（54.5%）,低年限组血管狭窄的部位多见于颅外动脉 （51.3%）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）。两组间动脉狭窄程度差异也有统计学意义。糖尿病患者共 76例,高年限组发生动脉狭窄最常见于颅内动脉（72.2%）,低年限组血管狭窄的部位多见于颅外动脉 （65%）,差异有统计学意义,两组间动脉狭窄程度差异也有统计学意义。高血压控制不良组发生重度 狭窄或闭塞的概率高于血压控制良好组（20.7% vs 8.6%）;血糖控制情况不良组发生重度狭窄或闭 塞的概率高于血糖控制良好组（40.9% vs 6.3%）。 结论 随着高血压病年限的增长,急性缺血性卒中患者颅内动脉狭窄的发生率增高,其中以中度狭 窄程度多见;血压控制不良的患者发生重度狭窄或闭塞的比率高。随着糖尿病年限的增长,颅内动 脉狭窄的发生率增高,其中以中度狭窄程度多见,血糖控制不良者发生重度狭窄或闭塞的比例高。