自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大首诊CT分析

探讨首诊头部CT影像对自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值。300例发病后6h内入院的自发性脑出血患者,经CT检查显示其中61例(20.33%)发生早期血肿扩大,经单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析显示,早期血肿扩大与首诊CT距发病时间短、血肿密度不均匀、中至重度脑萎缩及血     

脑白质疏松与自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的相关性研究

目的探讨脑白质疏松与自发性幕上脑出血早期血肿扩大的关系。方法回顾性连续入组2015年10月-2017年10月于中国医科大学附属第一医院神经内科住院治疗的自发性幕上脑出血患者,全部患者需在发病12 h之内完成首次头部CT且48 h内复查头部CT。应用Image J软件计算两次的血肿体积,采用Van Swieten量表评价脑白质疏松严重程度。比较早期血肿扩大组与未扩大组在血肿部位、血肿形态、脑白质疏松程度等临床、影像、实验室资料等的差异;判断脑白质疏松是否为早期血肿扩大的独立危险因素。结果 94例(33.3%)发生早期血肿扩大,多因素Logistic回归分析显示VSS评分(OR=1.358,95%CI 1.139～1.619,P=0.001)、吸烟程度(OR=1.286,95%CI 1.029～1.606,P=0.027)是自发性幕上脑出血早期血肿扩大的独立危险因素。结论脑白质疏松与自发性幕上脑出血早期血肿扩大密切相关,即脑白质疏松程度越严重,早期血肿扩大发生率越高。     

甘露醇对高血压性脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响

目的探讨自发性脑出血早期应用甘露醇与血肿扩大的关系,探讨应用甘露醇的时机。方法选择85例幕上性非丘脑性高血压性脑出血患者,40例在发病24h内应用甘露醇125mL静滴,q6h~q12h,45例在发病24h内不应用甘露醇等脱水药物。结果发病24h内应用甘露醇组发生早期血肿扩大16例,未用甘露醇组3例,2组比较有显著差异(P0.05)。结论小到中等量脑出血患者,发病24h内开始应用甘露醇可增加早期血肿扩大的发生率,加重病情,而24h后开始使用甘露醇则血肿扩大较少,故脑出血早期不可盲目、仓促地使用甘露醇。     

脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素及其与预后的关系

目的 探讨脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素,并分析其与预后的关系。方法 收集本院87例脑出血患者的临床资料,所有患者均在发病后6 h内和发病后24 h内完成第1次和第2次脑部CT检查,根据其有无早期血肿扩大将患者分为血肿扩大组和血肿未扩大组,记录2组一般资料、实验室检查和CT图像等信息,分析脑出血早期血肿扩大的危险因素及其与预后的关系。结果 87例患者中血肿扩大组30例(34.48%),血肿未扩大组57例(65.52%)。单因素分析显示,血肿扩大组入院时SBP、入院时GCS评分、入院时NIHSS评分、FPG、TG水平、发病至首次CT检查时间、血肿形态与血肿未扩大组比较均有明显差异(P<0.05)。多因素分析显示,入院时SBP≥200 mmHg、入院时GCS评分≤8分、入院时NIHSS评分≥15分、FPG水平高、发病至首次CT检查时间≤3 h、血肿形态不规则是脑出血早期血肿扩大的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。血肿扩大组不良预后发生率均显著高于血肿未扩大组(P<0.05),脑出血早期血肿扩大是影响患者预后的危险因素。结论 脑出血早期血肿扩大的影响因素包括入院时SBP、入院时GCS评分、入院时NIHSS评分、FPG、发病至首次CT检查时间和血肿形态,脑出血早期血肿扩大是影响患者预后的危险因素。     

脑出血早期血肿扩大及其相关因素的分析

目的　探讨脑出血后早期血肿扩大的发生率、发生时间及相关因素。方法　对 2 4 0例脑出血患者发病后 6h内、2 4h内、1周内、2周内作CT动态观察。结果　本组血肿扩大发生率为 16 3% ,继续出血发生在 2 4h内为 6 1 5 %。不规则血肿 (4 7 7% )及丘脑出血 (4 1% )多出现血肿扩大 ;2 4h内应用甘露醇组发生早期血肿扩大 2 8例 (2 2 2 % ) ,明显高于未用组 10例 (8 8% ) (P <0 0 1)。结论　影响高血压性脑出血继续出血多发生在 2 4h内 ;早期血肿扩大的主要因素是血肿部位、形态及早期不适当应用甘露醇等脱水剂治疗。     

血浆c-Fn与原发性脑出血早期血肿扩大关系的初步研究

目的探讨原发性脑出血(ICH)患者血浆中细胞纤维连接蛋白(c-Fn)浓度与早期血肿扩大(EHG)的关系。方法入选发病6h内ICH患者59例,健康对照30例。用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定血浆c-Fn浓度,根据发病后颅脑CT扫描及(24±3)h的第2次CT测定的血肿容量和血肿扩大情况分组。结果 19例患者发生血肿扩大,血肿扩大组血浆c-Fn浓度高于相同血肿容量非血肿扩大组。结论 ICH早期(6h)血肿扩大患者外周血血浆c-Fn浓度高于非血肿扩大患者。     

抗心磷脂抗体与脑出血血肿扩大的相关性分析

目的探讨抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)与脑出血早期血肿扩大的关系。方法应用酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法对101例健康人,271例脑出血患者发病1～3 h内、24、72 h检测ACA水平。结果血肿扩大组ACA阳性率(77.38%)高于无血肿扩大组(43.91%)(P<0.05,P<0.01)。血肿扩大组随着病情加重ACA阳性率逐渐增高,随发病时间的延长ACA阳性率逐渐降低(P<0.05)。结论 ACA与脑出血早期血肿扩大呈正相关,为脑出血早期血肿扩大的机制和脑出血免疫治疗提供新的观点,为临床上筛选脑出血血肿扩大高风险预警提供有效指标。     

超敏C反应蛋白预测幕上自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的临床研究

目的探讨血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的水平对于幕上自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的预测价值。方法于入院时及入院24 h对86例急性幕上自发性脑出血患者行头颅CT,根据有无早期血肿扩大将患者分为早期血肿扩大组及血肿稳定组。采用免疫透射比浊法检测患者的血清hs-CRP水平。结果根据有无早期血肿扩大将患者分为早期血肿扩大组22例及血肿稳定组64例。早期血肿扩大组[(52.75±27.59)mg/L]的血清hs-CRP水平明显高于血肿稳定组[(19.69±11.56)mg/L](P0.01)。经Spearman相关分析显示,血清hs-CRP水平与早期血肿扩大呈正相关(r=0.544,P0.01)。早期血肿扩大的ROC曲线下面积为0.860(95%CI:0.752~0.968,P0.0001)。Youden指数显示,敏感性和特异性分别为91%和58%,hs-CRP16.65 mg/L为最佳。结论血清hs-CRP水平可以预测幕上自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大,16.65 mg/L为最佳,且敏感性较高。     

早期强化降压对高血压脑出血血肿扩大的治疗作用

目的分析早期强化降压治疗对高血压脑出血患者血肿扩大的影响。方法选择本院2007-10—2012-10急诊入院的高血压脑出血患者160例,按降压方式不同随机分为早期强化降压组(80例)和指南标准降压组(80例),分别给予强化降压和标准降压治疗。观察2组患者入院时及治疗24h后2次头颅CT血肿体积变化情况。结果早期强化降压组发病0～24h平均收缩压控制在145mmHg,24h内血肿体积扩大6例(7.5%);指南标准降压组平均收缩压控制在170mmHg,24h内血肿体积扩大14例(17.5%),2组血肿扩大发生率比较,早期强化降压组明显小于指南标准降压组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论高血压脑出血早期强化降压治疗可预防和减少血肿扩大,降低病死率和致残率,改善预后。     

自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大相关因素的临床分析

目的:探讨引起自发性脑出血早期血肿扩大的发生时间、发生率及相关影响因素。方法:回顾性分析了108例脑出血后继续出血患者的动态CT检查结果及临床资料,对首次头颅CT检查时间、血肿量、血肿部位、形状及血压情况、长期饮酒史、肝肾功能进行对比研究。结果:自发性脑出血存在继续出血情况,发生率为14.81%(108/729)。其中58%(63/108)的病例发生在发病后6小时内。发病时舒张压>105mmHg,血肿体积>20ml,血肿靠近中线、形状不规则,肝肾功能异常,长期饮酒等因素在两组间有显著性差异。结论:自发性脑出血早期存在继续出血倾向,影响因素主要有:舒张压高、血肿体积较大、血肿靠近中线、血肿形状不规则,肝肾功能异常,长期饮酒。     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.     

Sense of coherence as a predictor of subjective state of health: results of 4 years of follow-up of adults

A number of cross-sectional population studies have shown that a strong sense of coherence (SOC) is associated with various aspects of good perceived health. The association does not seem to be entirely attributable to underlying associations of SOC with other variables, such as age or level of education. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study reported here was to determine whether SOC predicted subjective state of health. METHODS: The study was carried out as a two-way panel mail survey of 1976 individuals with 4 years interval for two collections of data. The statistical method used was multivariate cumulative logistic modeling. Age, initial subjective state of health, initial occupational training level, and initial degree of social integration were included as potential explanatory variables. RESULTS: A strong SOC predicted good health in women and men. CONCLUSIONS: SOC can be interpreted as an autonomous internal resource contributing to a favorable development of subjective state of health. SOC data should, however, be regarded as complementary to and not a substitute for information already known to be associated with increased risk of future ill health.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Limits of deinstitutionalization--perspectives of relatives of psychiatric patients

After a hopeful beginning, the social process of the reintegration of those with severe mental illness has come to a standstill. I am led to wonder whether "the community" really wants to live together with people suffering from severe mental illness, and if so, how closely? As long as the medical treatment of mental illness provided by the general practitioners is fundamentally deficient, as they are not able to prescribe the necessary interventions--such as out-patient psychiatric nursing, and service providers in the out-patient sector are content with offering increasingly intensive forms of care for the less seriously ill at the cost of the Social Welfare System--the reintegration of those with serious mental illness remains an illusion--which is mainly to the benefit of providers of residential care in homes and hostels.