帕罗西汀合并奥氮平治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的对照研究

目的探讨帕罗西汀合并奥氮平治疗伴躯体症状抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法66例伴躯体症状的抑郁症患者随机分为帕罗西汀组33例,帕罗西汀合用奥氮平组33例,共治疗8周。于治疗前,治疗后1、2、4、8周末采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）,副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和副反应。结果帕罗西汀合用小剂量奥氮平组疗效显著,合用药组与单用药组的显效率分别是84.85%和60.61%,差异有显著性（χ^2=4.89,P〈0.05）。两组的HAMD因子分在焦虑/躯体化和睡眠障碍方面差异有显著性;两组副作用均较小。结论帕罗西汀合用小剂量奥氮平治疗抑郁症起效快,可提高疗效,能迅速改善睡眠障碍和躯体症状。     

合并小剂量奥氮平治疗躯体形式障碍的对照研究

目的探讨合并小剂量奥氮平对躯体形式障碍的治疗作用。方法将97例躯体形式障碍患者随机分成帕罗西汀组48例及帕罗西汀合用奥氮平组49例,于治疗前、治疗后1,2,4,6周末采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMD）、SCL-90（躯体化、抑郁、焦虑三个因子）评定疗效,用不良反应量表（TESS）在治疗后1,2,4,6周末评定副反应。结果合用小剂量奥氮平组疗效显著,两组间痊愈率（48．98％vs22．92％,P〈0．05）、治疗后2、4、6周末HAMD评分及SCL-903个因子评分差异有显著性。TESS评分两组无明显差异,1年内的复发率无明显差异（8．16％vs10．42％,P〉0．05）。结论合用小剂量奥氮平治疗躯体形式障碍可提高疗效,起效快,但不降低复发率。     

奥氮平治疗抑郁症的增效作用

目的：探讨小剂量奥氮平对艾司西酞普兰治疗无精神病性症状抑郁症的增效作用及安全性。方法：将60例无精神病性症状抑郁症患者随机分为艾司西酞普兰组及艾司西酞普兰合并奥氮平组,治疗6周。于治疗前、治疗1、2、6周末分别应用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效及不良反应。结果：合用小剂量奥氮平组疗效显著好于单用艾司西酞普兰组,合用组治疗各周HAMD评分下降比单用组更为显著。两组TESS评分无显著差异。结论：合用小剂量奥氮平治疗抑郁症可提高疗效,且起效快。     

帕罗西汀联用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的对照帕罗西汀联用氯硝西泮与单用帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效。方法将符合CCMD-3抑郁症诊断标准的患者随机分为帕罗西汀联用氯硝西泮组（研究组）与单用帕罗西汀组（对照组）,共治疗8周。以HAMD,TESS评定疗效和不良反应。结果研究组起效时间快于对照组,两组不良反应相当。结论帕罗西汀联用氯硝西泮治疗抑郁症安全有效。     

喹硫平联合帕罗西汀治疗老年期抑郁症对照研究

目的探讨喹硫平联合帕罗西汀治疗老年期抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法将79例符合CCMD-3抑郁症诊断标准的患者随机分为喹硫平组（联合帕罗西汀）与对照组（单用帕罗西汀）,疗程6周。于治疗前、治疗后第2、4、6周末分别采用HAMD、HAMA及TESS评定疗效和安全性。结果喹硫平组治疗2、4周末HAMD评分,治疗2、6周末HAMA评分显著低于对照组;治疗6周后喹硫平组显效率为71.4%,对照组为59.1%;两组的显效率及TESS评分无显著差异。结论喹硫平联合帕罗西汀治疗老年期抑郁症起效快,抗焦虑效果优于对照组,且相对安全。     

小剂量氯硝西泮联合帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效观察

目的小剂量氯硝西泮联合帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效。方法将60例焦虑症患者随机分为研究组和对照组,分别给予氯硝西泮、帕罗西汀治疗及帕罗西汀及安慰剂组治疗4周,用汉米尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、治愈率、副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效。结果研究组HAMD评分在治疗第7天明显低于对照组（P〈0.01）,第14天HAMD评分差异逐渐缩小,4周后2组无显著差异,不良反应发生率无明显差别。结论氯硝西泮联合帕罗西汀治疗起效快,抗抑郁效果明显。     

帕罗西汀与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的 探讨帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法 61例抑郁症病人随机分为阿米替林组31例。帕罗西汀组30例。共治疗6周，采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和临床总体评定量表（CGI）评定临床疗效，采用副反应量表（TESS）评定副反应。结果 帕罗西汀组与阿米替林组治疗前后HAMD和CGI-SI分值比较均有显著性差异。而两组减分相比治疗前后无显著性差异。帕罗西汀组副作用明显比阿米替林组轻，在植物神经，心血管以及神经系统方面二者有显著性差异。结论 帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症疗效好，副反应小，服用方便，依从性好，是治疗抑郁症的理想药物。     

帕罗西汀合并丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的观察帕罗西汀合并丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症的临床疗效及可行性。方法对符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版(CCMD-3)抑郁症诊断标准的80例患者随机分为帕罗西汀合并丁螺环酮组和单用帕罗西汀组,每组各40例。采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)、副反应量表(TESS)于治疗前及治疗后1、2、4周末分别评定临床疗效及副作用。结果研究组HAMD减分率于2、4周末均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),研究组HAMA减分率自第1周末起即明显高于对照组。两组副反应评分无显著差异,均无严重副反应。结论帕罗西汀合并丁螺环酮治疗抑郁症疗效确切,起效快,副作用较轻,特别适于伴有明显焦虑的抑郁症患者。     

不同剂量帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的比较不同剂量帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的疗效和不良反应。方法将50例抑郁症患者随机分为两组,分别给予帕罗西汀40mg（研究组）和20mg（对照组）治疗8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）和副反应量表（TESS）每2周评定1次。结果两组间显效率、不良反应差异均无显著性,但HAMD减分率在治疗第2、4周末差异有显著性。加量组8例,14周末HAMD平分和减分率与8周末比较差异均有显著性,4例显著。结论帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症不同剂量对部分患者更适宜。     

帕罗西汀合用奎硫平治疗抑郁症的随机对照研究

目的评估帕罗西汀合用奎硫平治疗无精神病性症状的抑郁症疗效和安全性。方法将符合入组标准和排除标准的无精神病性症状的抑郁症患者120例,随机分配到帕罗西汀合用奎硫平治疗组(研究组)和单用帕罗西汀治疗组(对照组),在入组时(第0天)和第7、14、21、28、42、56天分别评定HAMD和TESS,并测量生命体征;在治疗开始前、第4、8周末各进行一次血常规检查、尿常规检查、血生化、心电图检查。结果第1周末时,研究组的HAMD评分即下降了29.75%,显著高于对照组(12.05%),这种差异一直保持到研究结束,表明帕罗西汀合用奎硫平起效迅速;研究组的显效率(痊愈 显著进步)为85%,显著高于对照组(51.7%,)(χ2=15.93,P=0.001)。结论帕罗西汀合用奎硫平治疗无精神病性症状的抑郁症起效快,疗效优于单用帕罗西汀,不良反应无明显增多或加重。     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

广西农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量状况调查

目的研究农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者的生活质量及影响因素。方法前瞻性的队列研究。采用随机分层抽样法分为农村壮族妇女精神分裂症组、农村汉族妇女精神分裂症组、农村正常妇女对照组,应用“世界卫生组织生存质量测定报告”(WHOQOL-100)及PANSS量表调查其生活质量和疾病的严重程度。结果农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量明显低于农村汉族妇女精神分裂症患者,影响其生活质量的相关因素是生活环境及精神支柱/个人信仰。结论经济贫困、环境条件、缺乏有效的医疗服务和社会保障是农村壮族妇女精神分裂症患者生活质量低的关键。因此,建立农村壮族社区精神卫生服务网络势在必行。     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

Impact of our understanding of the genetic aetiology of epilepsy

A genetic contribution to aetiology is estimated to be present in up to 40% of patients with epilepsy. It is useful to categorise genetic epilepsies according to the mechanisms of inheritance into Mendelian disorders, non-mendelian or ‘complex’ disorders, and chromosomal disorders. Over 200 Mendelian diseases include epilepsy as part of the phenotype, and the genes for a number of these have been identified recently. These include autosomal recessive progressive myoclonic epilepsies such as Unverricht-Lundborg disease, Lafora disease and the neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses, and three autosomal dominant idiopathic epilepsies. The last named have been shown to arise from mutations in ion channel genes. Autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy is caused by mutations in CHRNA4, benign familial neonatal convulsions by mutations in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, and generalised epilepsy with febrile seizures plus by mutations in SCN1B. ‘Complex’, familial epilepsies are more difficult to analyse, but evidence has been obtained for loci predisposing to juvenile myoclonic epilepsy on chromosome 6p and 15q. Lastly, the genes underlying several spike-wave epilepsies in mice have been cloned, and three of these encode sub-units of voltage-gated calcium channels. Received: 29 September 1999/Accepted: 7 December 1999     

他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂相关性分析

目的 探讨他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂的影响。方法 2010年3月至2014年3月收治颅内囊状动脉瘤67例,其中破裂者32例,未破裂者35例。采用多变量Logistic回归评估他汀类药物的使用和颅内动脉瘤破裂的关系。结果 破裂组术前使用他汀类药物4例（12.5%,4/32）,未破裂组16例（45.7%,16/35）。破裂组服用他汀类药物的百分比显著低于未破裂组（P<0.01）。纠正潜在的混杂干扰后（or值: 0.30,95%可信空间:0.12~="" 0.64）显示,颅内动脉瘤破裂与他汀类药物的使用呈显著负相关,也与高血清总胆固醇浓度有关。结论 本结果提示他汀类药物对颅内动脉瘤破裂有一定的预防效果。