金纳多联合高压氧治疗突发性聋的疗效分析

目的分析金纳多联合高压氧治疗突发性聋的疗效,并探讨突发性聋的相关发病因素与疗效的关系。方法回顾性总结分析2010年1月至2011年12月在我院诊断并治疗的150例突发性聋患者的一般临床资料并进行疗效评估。结果 1、150例患者发病构成比调查中:女性、中年人、脑力劳动者、很少运动者、一般紧张者、单耳发病者构成比最大。2、治疗疗效为治愈49例,显效30例,有效27例,无效53例,总有效率为62.72%。3、在各因素与突发性聋疗效分析中,纯音听阈图(治疗前听力损失程度和听力曲线类型)、伴随眩晕、发病至就诊时间与突发性聋的疗效有统计学意义(P<0.05),认为上述因素影响突发性聋的疗效。而发病耳侧、伴发高血压、伴发糖尿病、白细胞数值、发病时情况、伴随耳鸣、年龄段与突发性聋的疗效无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 1.构成比调查:突发性聋患者中多为中年人以及年轻人多发,并脑力工作者为主。诱发因素中,精神压力大、劳累、睡眠质量差的更易患突发性聋。2.在疗效分析中,①金纳多联合高压氧治疗低频陡降型听力曲线类型的突发性聋患者疗效较好,对于高频下降型、全聋型听力曲线类型的患者疗效较差。②听力分型曲线图、发病至就诊时间是影响突发性聋疗效的因素。     

突发性聋的发病时间规律与血液流变学的关系

目的探讨突发性聋患者的发病时间规律及血液流变学变化的内在联系。方法观察198例突发性聋患者的血液流变学指标，并与60例正常对照组的相关指标进行整体对比分析，探讨突发性聋与血液流变学之间的关系。仔细询问198例患者的发病时间，每2h为一个时间段，统计每时段的发病人数，观察各时间段发病的突发性聋患者的血液流变学变化，从而更精确的说明二者之间的关系。同时检测了30例突发性聋患者一昼夜3次的血液流变学指标，观察突发性聋患者1d中的血液流变学变化规律。结果突发性聋患者的血液流变学指标与对照组相比有多项差异有统计学意义。突发性聋患者一昼夜血液流变学变化以晨起时的血流变指标为最高。各时间段发病人数以上午4～8时发病者最多，二者占全部突发性聋患者的42．9％，其余10个时段每段发病人数均不超过总人数的9％；12时段的血液流变学指标，又以上午4～8时段发病者为最高。结论血液流变学异常与突发性聋的发病密切相关，与心脑血管疾病一致，其发病高峰亦在晨时4—8时，且血流变指标高的患者更容易在清晨发病。     

情绪障碍对突发性聋发病的影响

突发性聋是耳鼻咽喉科常见病、多发病，是危害听力较为常见的耳科急症，且发病率有上升趋势，其发病机制目前尚未阐明。随着现代医学模式的改变，近年研究发现突发性聋患者发病与精神压力、负性生活事件、生气、郁怒等不良情志密切相关。现就情绪障碍与突发性聋之间的相互关系及可能机制做一综述，为突发性聋的诊疗提供新思路。     

突发性聋临床疗效与相关因素探讨

目的探讨影响突发性聋疗效的相关因素,为突发性聋治疗提供经验。方法回顾性分析137例突发性聋的临床资料。结果突发性聋的预后与性别、是否伴眩晕、是否伴耳鸣、是否伴心脑血管疾病无关,与发病年龄、初诊时间、听力曲线类型、是否伴有精神心理因素有显著相关性。结论年轻患者,初诊时间越早,听力曲线为上升型,无精神心理因素者预后好,反之较差。     

小儿突发性聋的临床特征分析

目的 探讨小儿突发性聋的病因、临床症状及治疗转归等临床特征。方法 回顾性总结12例（18耳）年龄在14岁以下突发性聋患儿的发病年龄分布、发病至就诊间隔时间、听力损害程度与治疗转归间可能的相关因素。结果 ①本组12例突发性聋患儿，发病时平均年龄8．18岁，发病至就诊间隔时间平均为12天，能在发病1周内及时就诊者仅4例（33．33％），均通过影像学排除耳部及颅内畸形；②本组突发性聋患儿可能的发病诱因中，有上呼吸道感染病史者4例（33．33％），有高热、外伤、游泳史者各1例，无明显诱因者5例（41．67％）；③在完成全部治疗疗程的8例（14耳）患儿中，4例（6耳）主观听觉（自诉和／或家长主诉）和客观听力（ABR）有改善，ABR波Ⅴ反应阈值下降幅度在15～35dB之间。结论 学龄期儿童突发性聋的诊断相对于学龄前期儿童在临床上较易获得；上呼吸道感染是小儿突发性聋发病中一个不容忽视的诱因；小儿比成人突发性聋发现和接受治疗较迟，这可能是小儿突发性聋患者听觉恢复效果不佳的一个重要原因。     

突发性聋发病危险因素的相关研究

目的 从流行病学角度出发探讨突发性聋的发病危险因素,为突发性聋的病因学研究及预防提供流行病学基线资料.方法 150例突发性聋患者由1位调查员进行访谈和问卷调查,根据参考文献和临床常见问题设计<突发性聋患者调查表>,所有问卷均在调查员当面指导下完成.结果 发病年龄以41～50岁最多,占31.33%,51～60岁占20.67%,21～30岁占18.00%,31～40岁占12.00%.42.00%的患者在晨起时发病,76.00%的患者发病前有诱因.文化程度以本科及以上最多,占31.33%.职业分布脑力劳动者占82.67%,体力劳动者占17.33%;性格急躁者占66.67%.结论 突发性聋发病以40～60岁多发,晨起发病较常见,脑力劳动者及高学历者所占比例较大,另外长期的工作压力及患者的个性特征及生活习惯在一定程度上可能是突发性聋发病的危险因素.     

关于预测突发性聋预后的研究

为确定影响突发性聋听力恢复的主要因素、探求预测突聋预后的方法,作者们对1972～1980年间于发病后2周内就诊的600例(604耳)突发性聋患者进行了综合分析。将从发病日起的整个     

突发性聋研究热点

突发性聋是临床常见的一种耳科疾病,近年其发病呈上升趋势。虽然依据发病特点、起病时间和听力损失类型可作出临床诊断,但对于突发性聋的诊断标准目前还存有争议,对发病     

突发性聋的治疗困惑与思考

突发性聋近年来发病呈明显上升趋势,并呈现出发病年轻化的特点,业已引起耳科临床医师关注。突发性聋发病突然,对患者心理和生活质量的影响不可忽视,以临床急症处理的理念也逐渐得到大家的认同。由于国内外医疗体制的差异,国外突发性聋的治疗规范与国内差异较大,实用性不强。而近年来国内突发性聋方面的研究也层出不穷,多家国内大型医院合作的多中心研究也获得可喜研究结果,并制定突发性聋的中国治疗规范     

突发性聋继发良性阵发性位置性眩晕的临床观察

目的了解继发于突发性聋的良性阵发性位置性眩晕（benign paroxysmal positional vertigo,BPPV）的发病情况并探讨其治疗策略。方法观察眩晕门诊及耳内科病房中心2004年1月-2010年1月收治的210例突发性聋患者（包括伴有眩晕的突发性聋）合并BPPV的发病情况,并与同期183例原发性BPPV相比较。结果本组突发性聋病例并发BPPV为19．0％（40／210）;40例患者均为高频感音神经性聋或平坦型感音神经性聋。本文40例继发于突发性聋的BPPV,出现时间均在突发性聋发病后t周内。继发性BPPV的手法复位效果与原发性BPPV相似,大多数都于1～2次就诊后治愈。结论突发性聋继发的BPPV是临床常见的现象;继发于突聋的BPPV与原发性BPPV都是以后半规管BPPV多见,并与原发性BPPV手法复位的疗效相似。     

A Decrease in Maxillary Sinus Pressure,as Seen in Upper Airway Allergy or Infection,Results in an Increase in Upper Airway Nitric Oxide Levels

The paranasal sinuses are connected to the nasal cavity via small osties. Ostial occlusion, caused by mucosal swelling, will result in a slowly increasing negative pressure inside the sinus cavity. In parallel, the oxygen content in the sinus will decrease, resulting in the development of relative hypoxia. Hypoxia is a powerful inducer of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and inducible NO synthase has been shown to be present in considerable amounts in the upper airways, including the sinuses. The present study was designed to investigate whether a reduction in sinus pressure would affect upper airway NO production. Thirteen healthy volunteers were investigated. A pressure chamber was used to lower the ambient pressure to-4.9 kPa. NO was sampled from one nostril or via a drainage tube inserted into the maxillary sinus before, during and after the hypobaric exposure. When the pressure was decreased, NO levels increased from 256 &#45 15 to 316 &#45 19 ppb ( n =13, p <0.001). The NO levels remained elevated (282 &#45 21 ppb; p <0.05) when measurements were repeated 20 min after leaving the chamber. The nasal airway resistance (V2 tot ) also increased as a result of the chamber session (from 16 &#45 2° before to 21 &#45 3° after; p <0.05). An increase in NO levels was also found when the experiments were repeated with NO sampled directly from the maxillary sinus (225 &#45 6 before and 265 &#45 9 ppb after; n =6, p <0.001). For control purposes the nasal analyses were repeated again, this time under hyperbaric conditions (+4.9 kPa). This resulted in a slight decrease in the NO levels (from 273 &#45 22 to 241 &#45 17 ppb; n =10, p <0.001), but there was no change in the nasal airway resistance. We conclude that a reduction in sinus pressure, as seen in upper airway allergy or infection, may result in an increase in upper airway NO production.     

One‐stop neck lump clinic: phase 2 of audit. How are we doing?

One‐stop neck lump clinic: phase 2 of audit. How are we doing? Regular monitoring and audit of a service are integral to ensuring maintenance of efficiency and standards. This is particularly important where the quality of the service is operator dependent, as is the case in the clinical diagnosis of neck lumps and fine needle aspiration cytology. The one‐stop neck lump clinic has now been running in the department for more than 20 months. A previous article described the results of the first phase audit carried out at 6 months and had identified a waiting time to be seen that was longer than that recommended by the British Association of Otorhinolaryngologists, Head and Neck Surgeons. Measures were implemented to reduce this waiting time and a second audit was carried out after another 10 months with the aims of assessing if modification of the means of referral reduces waiting time and if the outcomes of clinical performance in phase 1 could be maintained or improved. We discuss the results of phase 2 in the audit spiral.     

A case of cortical deafness and anarthria

The nasal epithelium protects the underlying tissue from damage. Epithelial cell growth is controlled by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and is possibly affected by toxic proteins, e.g. eosinophil cationic protein (ECP). The aims of this study were to examine nasal fluid epithelial cell counts and their relations to EGF, eosinophils and ECP in 23 patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and 20 healthy controls. Nasal fluid epithelial cell counts were lower in patients than in controls. EGF levels did not differ between patients and controls, and correlated with epithelial cell counts in controls but not in patients. Eosinophils and ECP were higher in patients than in controls, but did not correlate with epithelial cell counts. The role of growth factors, such as EGF, in regulating epithelial cells merits further study.     

A simple objective evaluation and grading for facial paralysis outcomes

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -9 degrade type IV collagen, which is one of the major components of the basement membrane in normal tissue and expressed in the surroundings of the cancer nest in squamous cell carinoma. The degeneration of type IV collagen is an essential step in the metastasis to lymph nodes and distant organs. In this study, we examined MMP-2 and -9 levels of cancer tissue and serum obtained from patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in order to evaluate the relationship between the clinicopathologic features and MMPs. We examined the production of MMP-2 and -9 in cancer tissue homogenates of 73 patients who had HNSCC and the serum MMP levels of 16 patients with HNSCC and 8 healthy volunteers. We also studied the localization of MMP-2 in the carcinoma using an immunohistochemical approach. The concentrations of MMP-2 and -9 in the tissue homogenates and serum were measured by means of a sandwich enzyme immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody. Immunohistochemical analyses were performed with monoclonal antibody to MMP-2. The concentration of MMP-2 in the tumor tissue homogenates was unrelated to tumor size, but that in patients with lymph node metastases was significantly higher than in those without lymph node metastases. The concentration of MMP-9 was unrelated to lymph node metastasis and tumor size. The levels of both MMP-2 and -9 in serum were unrelated to lymph node metastasis. Immunohistochemistry indicated that MMP-2 was mainly expressed in cancer cells. Because MMP-2 degrades type IV collagen, the level of MMP-2 in carcinomas may be a useful indicator of the degree of invasion and metastasis.     

Bilateral versus unilateral cochlear implantation in young children

Objectives

To compare the preverbal communication skills of two groups of young implanted children: those with unilateral implantation and those with bilateral implantation.

Material and methods

The study assessed 69 children: 42 unilaterally and 27 bilaterally implanted with age at implantation less than 3 years. The preverbal skills of these children were measured before and 1 year after implantation, using Tait Video Analysis that has been found able to predict later speech outcomes in young implanted children.

Results

Before implantation there was no significant difference between the unilateral group and the bilateral group. There was still no difference at 12 months following implantation where vocal autonomy is concerned, but a strongly significant difference between the groups for vocal turn-taking and non-looking vocal turns, the bilateral group outperforming the unilateral group. Regarding gestural turn-taking and gestural autonomy, there was a strongly significant difference between the two groups at the 12 month interval, and also a difference before implantation for gestural autonomy, the unilateral group having the higher scores. Multiple regression of non-looking vocal turns revealed that 1 year following implantation, bilateral implantation contributed to 51% of the variance (p < 0.0001), after controlling for the influence of age at implantation and length of deafness which did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions

Profoundly deaf bilaterally implanted children are significantly more likely to use vocalisation to communicate, and to use audition when interacting vocally with an adult, compared with unilaterally implanted children. These results are independent of age at implantation and length of deafness.     

Autoimmunity in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Possible Role of Anti-endothelial Cell Autoantibodies

In order to verify whether anti-endothelial cell autoantibodies (AECAs) can be used as serological markers of inner ear vasculitis in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL), 32 patients affected by idiopathic SSHL were investigated. All patients underwent a routine general physical examination and extensive audiovestibular, microbiological and immunological investigations. Fourteen normal subjects without a history of HL, autoimmune or metabolic disease served as controls. Detection of AECAs was performed using an indirect immunofluorescence technique. AECA-positive patients were treated with methylprednisone, while AECA-negative patients were treated with a combined regimen of steroids, plasma expander and aspirin. The average hearing recovery for 5 frequencies (0.25-4 kHz) was analyzed in each subject 1 month after treatment and every 3 months thereafter; median follow-up was 12 months (range 9-18 months). A total of 15/32 patients (46.8%; 11/19 females, 4/13 males) were AECA-positive and thus differed significantly from the normal population in whom only 2/14 tested cases were positive ( p =0.03). Severe hearing loss was associated with being AECA-positive in 8/11 cases. During follow-up, 25/32 patients improved their hearing and 17 of these patients were AECA-negative. The seven cases without hearing improvement were all AECA-positive. In patients with SSHL, immune-mediated vascular damage may have a pathogenetic role and AECAs may represent a serological marker of vasculitis even if they are not inner ear-specific and even if they represent an epi-phenomenon rather than the only cause of SSHL.     

Correction of the Glosso-Larynx and Resultant Positional Changes of the Hyoid Bone and Cranium

In ankyloglossia with deviation of the epiglottis and larynx (ADEL) the tongue is located forward and as a result the epiglottis is elevated and leans towards the mouth. The larynx is also raised and curves ventrally. Various symptoms have been observed as a result of this condition. Correction of the glosso-larynx (CGL) is the operation performed to treat ADEL. The CGL procedure and the results obtained with it are reported in this paper. In addition, we studied the following six parameters using head and neck X-rays before and after CGL (the changes in these parameters as a result of CGL are shown in parentheses): ( i ) the shortest vertical length between the hyoid bone and mandible (+10.3 mm); ( ii ) the vertical length between the hyoid bone and the tangent line of C2-4 (+4.6 mm); ( iii ) the shortest length between the hyoid bone and the chin (+2.9 mm); ( iv ) the angle between the hyoid bone and the tangent line of C2-4 (+3.3°); ( v ) the length of H-M, where H is the intersection of a tangent line of C2-4 and a vertical line from the hyoid bone and M is the intersection of a tangent line of C2-4 and the mandible (+7.4 mm); and ( vi ) the width of the narrowest part of the hypopharynx (+3.0 mm). The changes in all the measured parameters after CGL were significantly different ( p <0.05).     

Carcinoma of the Nasopharynx: Analysis of Treatment Results in 91 Patients

The outcome of 91 patients (69 males, 22 females; age range 16-82 years) with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital between 1971 and 1999 was evaluated. Factors that appeared to influence prognosis were assessed using the Kaplan -Meier method. The cause-specific cumulative 5-year survival rate for the entire study population was 61.2%. The 1997 International Union Against Cancer classification was used for disease staging. The 5-year survival rates were as follows: 66.7% ( n ¾ 3) for Stage I; 100% ( n ¾ 2) for Stage IIA; 90.9% ( n ¾ 11) for Stage IIB; 78.8% ( n ¾ 25) for Stage III; 53.0% ( n ¾ 29) for Stage IVA; 37.5% ( n ¾ 16) for Stage IVB; and 20.0% ( n ¾ 5) for Stage IVC. The disease-free cumulative 3-year survival rates of the patients classified based on initial therapy were as follows: radiation alone, 50.0% ( n ¾ 28); combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy that included an undefined anti-cancer drug, 67.2% ( n ¾ 39); combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy that included carboplatin (CBDCA), 92.3% ( n ¾ 19). These results showed a statistically significant difference ( p ¾ 0.043; log-rank test). Stage IVC patients were excluded from the analysis. We conclude that combined therapy, including chemotherapy with CBDCA, is necessary for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. In terms of radiation therapy, a field covering the bilateral cervical regions seemed to produce favorable results, even if cervical node metastasis was not confirmed by palpation at the first hospital visit.     

Treatment Effects in Patients with Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity

A total of 221 patients (155 males, 66 females; stage I, n ¾ 55; stage II, n ¾ 58; stage III, n ¾ 57; stage IV, n ¾ 51) with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity were studied. Tumor localization was as follows: cancer of the tongue, n ¾ 161; cancer of the oral floor, n =28; cancer of the hard palate, n ¾ 12; cancer of the buccal mucosa, n ¾ 11; and cancer of the gingiva, n ¾ 9. In order to compare the effect of different treatments, three major treatment groups were defined, namely a surgery group, a radiotherapy group and a combination treatment group. Five-year cumulative survival rates showed significant differences between stage classifications (stage I=91%, stage II=73%, stage III=63%, stage IV=47%; p <0.01) but not between tumor sites. The 5-year cumulative survival rate was highest for oral floor cancer (80%). In the early-cancer group, the 5-year cumulative survival rate for the surgery group (92%) was significantly higher ( p <0.05) than those for both the radiation (69%) and combination (71%) groups. In the advanced-cancer group, the 5-year cumulative survival rate for the surgery group (74%) was significantly higher ( p <0.05) than those for both the radiation (37%) and combination (51%) groups. No significant difference in regional control rates was observed between the treatment groups. Five-year regional control rates were 86% for cervical untreated patients with T1N0 tumors and 60% for cervical untreated patients with T2N0 tumors. Fourteen N0 cases were treated with neck dissection. Cervical metastasis was found pathologically in 2/14 (14%) of these cases. The 5-year survival rate for patients with cervical recurrences after primary tumor resection was 70% ( n ¾ 15). In contrast, the 5-year survival rate for patients with both primary tumor resection and neck dissection was 74% ( n ¾ 14) but no significant difference was observed between these 2 groups.rate .     

Otolaryngologists may not be doing enough to diagnose pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis

Objective

To systematically evaluate the diagnosis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EE).

Methods

A retrospective review of 657 patients seen at the EE center of a tertiary care children's hospital between 1994 and 2007 was performed. Charts were reviewed for the 144 patients who were also seen by the otolaryngology service.

Results

One hundred forty-four patients received 193 otolaryngology-related diagnoses. Eustachian tube dysfunction (27.5%) and sleep disordered breathing (24.9%) were the most common, followed by dysphagia (13.0%), rhinosinusitis/nasal congestion (9.3%) and airway stenosis (5.2%). Seventy-nine patients (54.9%) had a pre-existing diagnosis of EE at the time of their otolaryngology consultation. Twenty-one patients (14.6%) were referred to the gastroenterology service for evaluation for EE. Forty-four patients (30.5%) remained undiagnosed. Twenty-five of these patients presented with dysphagia, 16 of whom were not previously diagnosed with EE; only 4 of these 16 patients were referred for evaluation for EE. In one case, a child with moderate sized tonsils underwent adenotonsillectomy for dysphagia and failure to thrive; this patient was diagnosed with EE 1 month post-operatively.

Conclusions

Twenty percent of patients with EE may require care by an otolaryngologist for a myriad of complaints. Even experienced pediatric otolaryngologists may not recognize this condition. Otolaryngologists should consider EE in patients presenting with dysphagia. A careful gastroenterology review of symptoms may also allow otolaryngologists to identify EE in patients with allergy mediated nasal complaints, or laryngeal/airway disorders.