88例热性惊厥患儿缺铁性贫血相关指标分析

目的了解热性惊厥与缺铁性贫血的关系。方法检测88例热性惊厥患儿的红细胞计数、血红蛋白、红细胞平均容积、红细胞平均血红蛋白、红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度、血清铁、血清铁蛋白,并以同期住院的76例呼吸道、肠道感染而无惊厥患儿为对照组,将两组数据进行统计分析。结果热性惊厥组缺铁性贫血的发生率为61.36%,对照组为43.42%,血红蛋白、血清铁含量与对照组有显著性差异(P<0.05);而且复杂型热性惊厥的缺铁性贫血的发生率占85%,与单纯型比较亦有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论血清铁与小儿热性惊厥密切相关,缺铁性贫血可能是引起热性惊厥的原因之一。     

珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血并缺铁性贫血患儿的临床特征

目的观察珠蛋白生成障碍性贫血(地贫)高发区小儿地贫并缺铁性贫血(IDA)的临床特征。方法回顾性分析25例地贫并IDA的地贫突变类型和治疗效果。比较地贫并IDA组与单纯地贫组、单纯IDA组的血常规参数。结果 25例患儿中,轻型β-地贫14例,轻型α-地贫7例,中间型α-地贫3例,中间型β地贫1例。补铁治疗有效,血红蛋白升高(21.24±7.62)g.L-1。单纯地贫组红细胞容积、红细胞分布宽度和血小板计数较地贫并IDA组与单纯IDA组稍高(P<0.05),2组平均血红蛋白水平无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论在地贫高发区地贫患儿并IDA较常见,对地贫患儿需进行常规铁代谢指标测定。     

口服铁剂和维生素A矫治小儿缺铁性贫血效果观察

目的探讨口服铁剂和维生素A治疗儿童缺铁性贫血的疗效。方法采用氰化高铁法检测血红蛋白和酶免法测定血清铁蛋白诊断119例缺铁性贫血患儿,并将其随机分成2组,实验组投服铁剂和维生素A,对照组单纯口服铁剂。结果2组服药1个月,实验组和对照组的平均Hb值分别上升了15.8、11.7g/L,前者较后者Hb净增值为4.1g/L。2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论予以铁剂及维生素A后,儿童贫血的改善明显优于单纯补铁,对干预缺铁性贫血具有重要的意义。     

重症小儿缺铁性贫血治疗中红细胞悬液应用的临床分析

目的 分析重症缺铁性贫血患儿输注红细胞悬液或全血的临床疗效。方法 采用卫生统计学中的两样本比较t检验以及X2检验比较观察组、对照组中各20例患儿应用红细胞悬液或全血后,临床各项指标恢复时间,治疗前Hb、SF、FEP及临床副作用发生率。结果 (1)临床指标(皮肤粘膜苍白、疲乏无力、食欲减退、心率增快、肝脾肿大、合并感染),两组比较P值<0.05,有显著差异。(2)两组输血治疗缺铁性贫血副作用发生例数比较P值<0.05,有显著差异。(3)两组缺铁性贫血患儿治疗前后各项指标的比较,治疗前后比较,P值<0.05,组间比较P值<0.05。结论对于缺铁性贫血的患儿,输注红细胞悬液,其临床症状、体征恢复时间较全血短,副作用发生率小。     

缺铁性贫血患儿血清胃泌素水平测定及间断补铁疗效观察

研究缺铁性贫血 (IDA)儿童胃泌素水平的变化 ;观察间断补铁治疗儿童IDA的疗效。方法 :49例 IDA患儿每周口服一次铁制剂 (元素铁 2 mg/kg) ,共 1 2周。在治疗前后测查 Hb、ZPP、SF及血清胃泌素。结果 :经补铁治疗 ,Hb、SF均极显著性升高 (P<0 .0 1 ) ,ZPP则明显下降 (P<0 .0 1 ) ;IDA患儿血清胃泌素水平明显升高 ,与对照组比较差异显著 ,治疗后恢复正常。结论 :1每周一次间断补铁治疗儿童 IDA效果显著。 2 IDA患儿胃泌素的异常分泌可能与缺铁所致的胃粘膜萎缩有关     

缺铁性贫血伴幽门螺杆菌感染68例的治疗

目的：缺铁性贫血目前在我国仍是最常见的贫血类疾病,该研究旨在了解缺铁性贫血伴幽门螺杆菌感染的患儿抗幽门螺杆菌加铁剂治疗的疗效。方法：143例缺铁性贫血病例均做13C-呼气试验,其中阳性68例,将68例患者随机分为A,B二组。A组(35例):口服硫酸亚铁加2周治疗幽门螺杆菌的三联疗法;B组(33例):口服硫酸亚铁。结果：接受治疗的68例患者中,A,B二组在疗程结束后第8周复查血红蛋白、血清铁及血清铁蛋白均较治疗前有明显上升,且A组患者治疗后血红蛋白、血清铁及血清铁蛋白上升明显高于B组,差异有显著性,均P<0.01。结论：幽门螺杆菌感染与缺铁性贫血关系密切,与单独铁剂治疗相比较,加用抗幽门螺杆菌的治疗可加快提高血红蛋白的水平,二者配伍才是治疗缺铁性贫血伴幽门螺杆菌感染患者的最佳方案。     

新生儿换血后贫血相关因素分析及干预策略

目的分析影响新生儿换血治疗后贫血的相关因素,探讨干预策略。方法回顾新生儿高胆红素血症换血治疗病例82例,比较换血后贫血组与非贫血组入院时、换血前、换血后红细胞和血红蛋白变化特点,分析影响因素。结果82例换血后血清胆红素明显下降(P<0.001),红细胞、血红蛋白上升(P<0.001)。但仍有39例(47.56%)存在贫血。两组在换血前红细胞、血红蛋白均较入院时下降,非贫血组下降较贫血组明显,经采取补输血,最终贫血均被纠正(P<0.001)。换血后贫血与换血前贫血、高胆红素血症的病因、输血达预定量后补输血等有关。结论换血治疗能有效降低血清胆红素;达到换血标准的高胆红素血症患儿入院时常存在血红蛋白“正常”假象;换血前贫血者易导致换血后贫血。ABO溶血病、G6PD缺乏并ABO溶血病患儿换血后贫血发生率较其他病因高。输血达预定量后补输血10～15ml/kg有利于纠正换血后贫血。     

阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿克隆在儿童重型再生障碍性贫血免疫抑制治疗中的意义北大核心CSCD

目的探究儿童重型再生障碍性贫血(severe aplastic anemia,SAA)中阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿(paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria,PNH)克隆与免疫抑制治疗(immunosuppressive therapy,IST)之间的关系。方法回顾性分析2012年1月至2020年5月收治且行IST的151例SAA患儿的临床资料,根据治疗前PNH克隆状态分为PNH克隆阴性组(135例)和PNH克隆阳性组(16例)。采用倾向性评分匹配控制混杂因素,分析PNH克隆对IST疗效的影响。结果PNH克隆阳性患儿占10.6%(16/151),中位粒细胞克隆大小为1.8%。PNH克隆阳性组患儿初诊年龄偏大,初诊网织红细胞绝对值偏高(P<0.05);倾向性评分匹配后,PNH克隆阴性组和PNH克隆阳性组患儿的基线特征差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。PNH克隆阳性组IST后6、12、24个月的总有效率均低于PNH克隆阴性组(P<0.05)。IST后PNH克隆演变存在一定异质性,伴PNH克隆者再生障碍性贫血-阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿综合征的3年累积发病率增加(P<0.05)。结论初诊时PNH克隆阳性的SAA患儿对IST的反应较差,且更易进展为再生障碍性贫血-阵发性睡眠性血红蛋白尿综合征。     

阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗肺炎支原体肺炎

目的探讨阿奇霉素序贯疗法对小儿肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的疗效。方法将92例MPP患儿随机分为2组:治疗组47例,对照组45例。2组患儿除均予综合治疗外,对照组静脉滴注注射用乳糖酸红霉素治疗,30 mg.kg-1.d-1,应用10～14 d;治疗组采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗,即静脉滴注阿奇霉素(10 mg.kg-1.d-1,应用3～5 d)后口服阿奇霉素干混悬剂(10 mg.kg-1.d-1,应用7 d)。比较2组疗效、不良反应发生情况体征消失时间以及住院时间。结果对照组总有效率为77.78%,治疗组总有效率为95.74%,治疗组疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组不良反应发生率为21.28%,对照组不良反应发生率为55.56%,治疗组不良反应的发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05);治疗组体征消失时间和住院时间均显著少于对照组(Pa<0.05)。结论采用阿奇霉素序贯疗法治疗小儿MPP的效果显著。     

羟基脲治疗重型β地中海贫血

目的观察羟基脲治疗重症β-地中海贫血患儿的疗效并且对其不良反应进行评估。方法对15例重症β地中海贫血患儿应用羟基脲[10~20mg/(kg·d]治疗,治疗期间对患儿全血细胞计数、血红蛋白F、肝肾功能进行监测,治疗后6个月对疗效进行评估。结果治疗后5个月患儿血红蛋白及血红蛋白F较治疗前明显升高(72·5±6·1)vs(93·6±11·9),(45·58±15·79)vs(73·37±23·89),P<0·05;而网织红细胞值明显降低(32·17±10·74)vs(15·87±7·29),P<0·05。治疗期间未见明显的不良反应。结论羟基脲可改善重症β-地中海贫血患儿的贫血状态且无明显的不良反应。     

Effect of Twice Weekly Versus Daily Iron Treatment in Turkish Children with Iron Deficiency Anemia

This study was designed to propose a more practical, effective, safer, inexpensive, and manageable alternative treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) for the developing countries. The study involves 94 children between the ages of 5 months and 6 years who had been seen in the authors' hospital and diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia. Ninety-four children with IDA were randomly divided into two groups: 48 children comprised the first group, which was administered conventional treatment, and 46 children comprised the second group, which was administered intermittent treatment involving iron administration 2 days a week. Twenty-three children whose age and gender distribution were compatible with the other groups were included in the study as the control group. Both groups were reevaluated for their initial hematologic parameters at the end of the treatment. When the parameters of both groups were compared with the parameters of the control group after the treatment, there were no differences between hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, and ferritin levels of conventional and intermittent treatment groups. With respect to certain parameters, such as red cell distribution, serum iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, transferrin receptor, and transferrin receptor/log ferritin, however, intermittent treatment was superior to the conventional treatment method (p < .05). In IDA, when a conventional treatment method or an intermittent treatment method is used, there are no differences between the hematological parameters. In fact, the intermittent treatment method has been found to be superior in many parameters.     

Effect of twice weekly versus daily iron treatment in Turkish children with iron deficiency anemia

This study was designed to propose a more practical, effective, safer, inexpensive, and manageable alternative treatment of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) for the developing countries. The study involves 94 children between the ages of 5 months and 6 years who had been seen in the authors' hospital and diagnosed as having iron deficiency anemia. Ninety-four children with IDA were randomly divided into two groups: 48 children comprised the first group, which was administered conventional treatment, and 46 children comprised the second group, which was administered intermittent treatment involving iron administration 2 days a week. Twenty-three children whose age and gender distribution were compatible with the other groups were included in the study as the control group. Both groups were reevaluated for their initial hematologic parameters at the end of the treatment. When the parameters of both groups were compared with the parameters of the control group after the treatment, there were no differences between hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, serum iron, and ferritin levels of conventional and intermittent treatment groups. With respect to certain parameters, such as red cell distribution, serum iron binding capacity, transferrin saturation, transferrin receptor, and transferrin receptor/log ferritin, however, intermittent treatment was superior to the conventional treatment method (p <.05). In IDA, when a conventional treatment method or an intermittent treatment method is used, there are no differences between the hematological parameters. In fact, the intermittent treatment method has been found to be superior in many parameters.     

Responsiveness to Parenteral Iron Therapy in Children with Oral Iron-Refractory Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Intravenous (IV) ferric iron (Fe)–carbohydrate complexes are used for treating Fe deficiency in children with iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia (IRIDA). An optimal treatment has yet to be determined. There are relatively little publications on the responsiveness to IV iron therapy in children with IRIDA. Patients and Method: This study analyzed responses to IV iron sucrose therapy given to 11 children, ranging in age from 2 to 13 years (mean 4.8 years), with iron-deficiency anemia who were unresponsive to oral iron therapy. Results: The hemoglobin and ferritin values (mean) of the 11 children with IRIDA were 7.7 g/dL and 4.8 ng/mL at diagnosis. Both hemoglobin and ferritin levels increased to 9.5 g/dL, and 24 ng/mL, respectively, at 6 weeks after the first therapy. Although the level of hemoglobin was steady at 6 months after the first, and 6 weeks after the second therapy, the ferritin levels continued to increase up to 30 ng/mL and 47 ng/mL at 6 months after the first and 6 weeks after the second therapy, respectively. Conclusion: We recommend that IRIDA should be considered in patients presenting with iron-deficiency anemia of unknown cause that is unresponsive to oral iron therapy. Our results suggest that IV iron therapy should be administered only once in cases of IRIDA. Continued administration of IV iron would be of no benefit to increase hemoglobin levels. On the contrary, ferritin levels may continue to increase resulting in untoward effects of hyperferritinemia.     

Reticulocyte parameters: markers of early response to oral treatment in children with severe iron-deficiency anemia

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of exclusive oral iron supplementation (iron sulphate 2 mg/kg/die) in asymptomatic children with severe iron-deficiency anemia [median hemoglobin (Hb) level before treatment 6.3 g/dL; range 4.5 to 7 g/dL] and to investigate the accuracy of Hb, reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr), and absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) as markers for monitoring early response to treatment. The increase in ARC and CHr was statistically significant at day +3. There was a significant association between suitable logarithmic functions of the percentage increase in CHr and ARC at day +3 and the fraction of required Hb increase compared with baseline to reach the mean reference value for age and sex at day +14. If these results are confirmed in a larger population, ARC and CHr could be considered affordable and widely available markers to detect early responders to oral iron therapy, and to switch unresponsive children to parenteral iron supplementation or transfusion.     

鼻窦炎口服液治疗儿童急性鼻-鼻窦炎有效性和安全性研究

目的　探讨鼻窦炎口服液治疗儿童急性鼻-鼻窦炎的有效性及安全性。方法　采用多中心、随机、双盲、对照的临床研究方法,于2016年9月至2019年2月纳入国内17个中心480例病例,其中试验组和对照组各240例,试验组给予常规治疗+鼻窦炎口服液,对照组给予常规治疗+安慰剂,对药物疗效和安全性进行评价。结果　试验组主要症状消失时间为5d低于对照组7d（P<0.01）,鼻内镜检查客观量化评分（P<0.01）与中医证候积分（P<0.01）均显著低于对照组;中医证候总有效率试验组（P<0.01）明显高于对照组;试验组主要症状复发率与VAS评分数值都低于对照组,但两组间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。试验组不良事件发生率与药物相关不良反应发生率均与对照组无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论　鼻窦炎口服液治疗儿童急性鼻-鼻窦炎效果显著,安全性好,值得儿科临床用药广泛推广。     

Iron polymaltose versus ferrous gluconate in the prevention of iron deficiency anemia of infancy

We prospectively compared the efficacy and safety of iron deficiency anemia prophylaxis with iron gluconate (IG) or iron polymaltose complex (IPC) in healthy infants attending a community pediatric center. Participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the test drugs from age 4 to 6 months to age 12 months. Parents/guardians were given extensive information on iron-rich diets and anemia prevention. Main outcome measures were blood levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, red blood cell distribution width, and serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin, in addition to adverse effects. One hundred five children completed the study: 53 in the IG group and 52 in the IPC group Mean hemoglobin levels at study end were significantly higher in the IG group (12.04±0.09 g/dL vs. 11.68±0.11, P<0.014). A hemoglobin level <11 g/dL was detected in 3 infants of the IG group, and in 10 infants of the IPC group (P<0.04). Adverse effects (spitting, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, discolored teeth) were significantly more common in the IG group (47% vs. 25%, P>0.025). In conclusion, both oral IG and IPC prevent iron deficiency anemia in infants. Iron gluconate seems to be more effective but less tolerable.     

Prenatal anemia control and anemia in children aged 6–23 months in sub‐Saharan Africa

It is unclear whether routine prenatal anemia control interventions can reduce anemia risk in young children. This study examines the associations between prenatal iron supplementation and/or deworming and anemia in children aged 6–23 months in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). We analyzed data from Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2003 and 2014 in 25 SSA countries. The surveys collected data on prenatal iron supplementation and deworming and determined children's hemoglobin levels through blood testing. We assessed the associations between prenatal iron supplementation and/or deworming and anemia using multinomial logistic regression. The study included 31,815 mother–child pairs: 25.0%, 41.4%, and 4.8% of children had mild, moderate, and severe anemia, respectively. Compared with children whose mothers did not take iron and deworming drugs prenatally, the risk of moderate/severe anemia was reduced among children whose mothers took only iron supplements for ≥6 months (odds ratio [OR]: 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45–0.76); only deworming drugs (OR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.56–0.93); deworming drugs plus iron for <6 months (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.67–0.93); and deworming drugs plus iron for ≥6 months (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.59–0.99). Prenatal use of only iron for <6 months was not associated with moderate/severe anemia. Prenatal iron and/or deworming drugs had no effect on mild anemia. Prenatal anemia control interventions are associated with reduced risk of moderate/severe anemia but not with mild anemia in young children in SSA. Iron supplements should be taken for ≥6 months or with deworming drugs prenatally to reduce moderate/severe anemia risk in children.     

Iron supplementation in children with Celiac Disease

Objective : To evaluate the effect of iron supplementation, in addition to gluten free diet (GFD), on hematological profile of children with Celiac Disease (CD).Methods : Children diagnosed as CD as per modified ESPGAN criteria were prospectively evaluated for their hematological profile at the time of their enrolment and after consuming GFD for at least one year. The results were compared with age and sex matched controls. Evaluation of hematological profile included hemoglobin estimation, complete blood counts, peripheral blood smear examination, serum iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and serum ferritin estimation. All the enrolled cases were given iron supplementation in addition to exclusion of gluten from their diet. Repeat intestinal biopsy was performed in all the cases after completing 1 year on GFD.Results : Twenty one children (mean age 6.67 years, range 4 2–11 years) diagnosed as CD who completed at least one year of regular follow up on GFD (mean 1.5 years, range 1 2–2 years) were analysed for their hematological profile at the time of enrolment and after consuming GFD and iron supplementation. At the time of enrolment all the children had hemoglobin level <11 gm%, 78% had microcytic hypochromic anemia and 22% had dimorphic anemia, with lower mean MCV, MCH and serum ferritin levels, and a significantly higher mean TIBC as compared to controls (p <0.001). In the follow up evaluation of these cases on GFD, mean hemoglobin levels were comparable with controls but the cases continued to have lower mean MCV, MCH serum ferritin levels (p <0.05) and higher mean TIBC (p <0.05). Seven children had mild anemia. Serum ferritin levels showed a negative correlation with the grade of villous atrophy and lamina propria infiltrate.Conclusion : Our results suggest that iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is commonly associated with CD and iron deficiency state continues for a longer time even after excluding gluten from the diet and iron supplementation. Apart from offering them GFD rich in iron, early detection and treatment of IDA and prophylactic iron folic acid supplementation will go a long way to optimize their mental and psychomotor functions.