Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸患儿合并特发性脊柱侧弯的临床研究

目的了解漏斗胸患儿合并特发性脊柱侧弯的发病情况及经Nuss手术治疗后脊柱侧弯的改变情况。方法以2011至2013年于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院接受胸外科手术治疗并符合纳入标准的171例漏斗胸患儿为研究对象,患儿入院后行CT检查了解漏斗胸情况,并分别于Nuss手术前及取出钢板后行胸部及脊柱X线检查了解脊柱侧弯情况;对比脊柱侧弯与非侧弯患儿的胸骨旋转度、胸廓旋转度、Haller指数等指标,同期对比胸廓对称与非对称患儿的脊柱侧弯改变情况。结果171例漏斗胸患儿中合并脊柱侧弯的比例为21. 1%(36/171),平均Cobb角16. 9°;侧弯患儿与非侧弯患儿Haller指数无统计学差异(P 0. 05),但胸骨旋转度及胸廓旋转度均显著大于非侧弯患儿(P 0. 05);侧弯患儿根据弯度给予相应治疗(侧弯25°的患儿继续随诊观察,侧弯在25°～45°且骨骼发育未成熟的患儿要求佩戴支具,侧弯 45°的患儿予以手术治疗);中位随访时间为35. 73个月,随访过程中,13例原脊柱正常患儿出现脊柱侧弯,14例患儿原脊柱侧弯消失;胸廓不对称患儿脊柱侧弯出现变化的比例显著高于胸廓对称的患儿(P 0. 05)。结论漏斗胸患儿易合并特发性脊柱侧弯,Nuss手术治疗后其脊柱侧弯程度可能发生改变,需要小儿胸外科医生与小儿骨科医生共同协作治疗。     

有机玻璃胸骨悬吊术治疗婴幼儿先天性漏斗胸43例

目的总结有机玻璃胸骨悬吊术治疗婴幼儿先天性漏斗胸的经验。方法2000年10月￣2005年3月采用医用有机玻璃胸骨悬吊术对43例婴幼儿先天性漏斗胸患儿实施胸廓矫形术,其中2例合并先心病患儿行同期根治手术。结果所有患儿均痊愈出院并获随访,除1例胸骨下段轻度凹陷外,其余患儿胸廓形态正常,术后心肺功能逐步恢复正常。结论先天性漏斗胸早期手术具有一定的可行性,有机玻璃胸骨悬吊术治疗婴幼儿漏斗胸方法简单,创伤小,矫形效果良好。     

改良NUSS手术矫治先心病手术后继发性漏斗胸的初步经验

目的探讨改良Nuss手术矫治先天性心脏病手术后继发性漏斗胸的初步经验。方法2008年6月至2016年1月,我们应用改良Nuss手术治疗3例先心病手术后继发性漏斗胸患者,均为男性;年龄分别为4、4.5和9岁,体重12~21 kg。3例中,2例为室间隔缺损修补术后,1例为法洛氏四联症手术后。畸形为对称性。CT检查Hailer指数5.5±1.5。手术均经剑突下小切口辅助、经原切口完成。结果 3例均成功实施胸骨和心脏分离、Nuss钢板置入手术(均置入l根钢板),矫形效果优良。矫形外观与原发性漏斗胸初次Nuss手术相比效果稍差。术后胸腔引流管放置3 d。2例随访无钢板移位,术后复查CT、心电图正常;1例术后合并皮下气肿,为胸骨后气体顺钢板溢出所致,3 d后自行吸收。2例钢板拆除,钢板分别固定24和28个月,胸廓外形保持良好。结论改良Nuss手术矫治先天性心脏病手术后继发性漏斗胸安全可行,手术中随着局部解剖改变随时调整手术方案是治疗成功的关键。     

Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸118例

目的 总结Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸的临床经验.方法 2006年9月～2009年4月,采用Nuss手术治疗118例漏斗胸患儿,其中男89例,女29例;年龄3～16岁,平均(6.4±3.5)岁.3例合并肺部病变患儿经单侧胸部切口完成肺部手术后,直视下安放Nuss钢板,6例复发病例采用胸腔镜辅助完成,其余病例在非胸腔镜下完成.结果 118例患儿均顺利完成手术,术中无死亡、大出血及胸腔脏器损伤等严重并发症发生.术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合.除3例合并肺部病变和1例行部分肋骨截骨患儿外,术中平均失血量<10 ml.术后14例出现少量气胸及皮下气肿,经穿刺抽气后消失,1例严重气胸经安置胸腔闭式引流后好转.所有患儿均获得随访,术后1个月及3个月复查均无钢板旋转移位,无固定片滑脱,无胸腔积液,无切口感染.矫形效果98例"优秀",20例"良好".结论 Nuss手术通过植入特制钢板使胸廓重新塑形,操作简单、微创、损伤小并具有良好的早、中期效果但Nuss手术对漏斗胸患儿肺功能的影响、最佳手术年龄以及远期效果的评价,还需要进一步探讨.     

非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术矫治大年龄患儿漏斗胸

目的 探讨非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术治疗大年龄患儿漏斗胸的手术方法 和治疗经验.方法 24例漏斗胸在非胸腔镜辅助下行Nuss手术治疗,其中男19例,女5例.年龄12岁2个月～17岁11个月,平均13岁10个月.结果 24例患儿均顺利完成手术,无术中严重并发症.手术耗时平均45 min,平均出血10 ml.结论非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术治疗大年龄患儿漏斗胸,术中注意掌握要点,未发生危险并发症.手术仍安全可行.对大年龄漏斗胸患儿行Nuss手术的远期效果有待进一步观察.     

不同年龄段漏斗胸患儿手术前后胸廓的扁平程度

目的 探讨不同年龄段漏斗胸患儿手术前后胸廓扁平程度与年龄变化的关系,为临床选择恰当的手术时机提供参考依据.方法 随机选取2003年7月-2005年7月本院住院的漏斗胸患儿70例.其中1～3岁25例,>3～6岁25例,>6岁20例.均行改良Ravitch术矫治,术前和术后2 a分别摄胸部标准正侧位片,测量胸廓扁平指数.手术前后分别选择一般情况与患儿相当的无胸廓畸形儿童作为术前、术后对照组,术后另选择一般情况与患儿相当的未手术漏斗胸患儿作为未手术对照组.结果 不同年龄段对照组组间胸廓扁平指数比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);病例组术前与术前对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);病例组术前组间比较差异显著(P<0.05),且年龄越大,胸廓扁平指数越大;各病例组术后与术后对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),胸廓扁平指数未完全恢复至正常水平,但术后与未手术对照组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05),胸廓扁平指数较术前减小,且年龄越小,术后胸廓扁平指数越小.结论 各年龄组漏斗胸患儿术前胸廓较健康同龄儿章扁平,且胸廓扁平程度随年龄增长而加重;术后2 a漏斗胸患儿胸廓扁平程度未能达到正常水平,但较同龄未手术患儿有明显改善,且手术年龄越小,术后改善越明显;漏斗胸应早期手术,最恰当的手术年龄为1～3岁.     

改良Nuss手术纠治小儿不对称型漏斗胸

目的总结胸腔镜辅助下改良Nuss手术纠治不对称型小儿漏斗胸的初步经验。方法2004年6月至2006年7月,我院共施行漏斗胸Nuss手术纠治53例,其中17例为不对称型,男13例,女4例。最小年龄2岁5个月,最大14岁,平均8.9岁。手术在胸腔镜辅助下完成。根据患儿畸形情况,设计个性化钢板形状,并对Nuss手术进行改良。结果17例患儿均顺利完成手术,术中平均失血少于15ml。1例患儿术后胸片显示少量气胸,1例患儿术后胸腔积血,1例患儿术后胸腔积液,无其他并发症。术后平均住院6d。13例获得对称性纠正效果,4例术后单侧稍扁平,畸形矫正满意。结论对不对称型漏斗胸采用个性化钢板弯制技术进行Nuss手术,能取得较好的矫形效果。     

小儿漏斗胸Nuss手术对胸廓影响的研究

目的 探讨小儿漏斗胸Nuss手术对胸廓的影响.方法 对2004年至2008年采用Nuss手术治疗的33例漏斗胸患儿,主要利用超声及螺旋CT检查进行术后随访.项目包括:肋骨、肋软骨、胸壁第1至第6对肋骨与软骨关节(CCJ)、胸肋关节(CSJ)以及胸廓外观.结果 2例钢板移位;4例(12.1%)术后出现胸廓畸形;1例术后3年4个月发现右侧第四肋软骨胸骨端陈旧性骨折;1例术后1周发生右侧第五肋软骨横断骨折;8例(24.2%)术后近期随访发现不同程度的CSJ及CCJ的损伤;6例(18.2%)钢板平面以下的胸廓下陷;1例发现左侧第五肋软骨斑点状骨化.结论 Nuss手术虽然优点颇多,但也存在明显不足.利用钢板的外力强行将凹陷的胸骨顶起,对胸廓是一种创伤,该创伤累及胸廓的关节、肋骨、肋软骨,使CSJ和CCJ不同程度分离、移位,肋软骨骨化、肋软骨骨折以及胸廓畸形等.     

Nuss手术纠治小儿漏斗胸56例

目的探讨Nuss手术纠治小儿漏斗胸的近期疗效。方法2010年10月至2011年9月作者实施Nuss手术患儿56例，其中男42例，女14例；年龄3-16岁，平均（6．4±3．5）岁。均在气管插管全麻下手术，双侧胸壁做横行切口，在胸腔镜下将塑形之矫形板由右胸腔经胸骨后穿至左胸腔，翻转矫形板，将胸骨抬起矫正胸骨凹陷，矫形板两侧用固定片固定于肋骨。矫形板放置2-3年后取出。结果56例均顺利完成手术，手术时间30-70min，平均47min，无术中并发症。术后住院3-5d，平均4d。2例患儿术后疼痛、发热均不超过3d；元气胸及皮下气肿；术后1个月复查无矫形板旋转，无固定片滑脱。结论Nuss手术纠治小儿漏斗胸手术时间短，操作简单，近期效果满意。     

食管超声监测下非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术85例分析

目的 探讨食管超声监测下非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术的手术方法和治疗经验.方法 2011年8月至2014年8月本院对适合的漏斗胸病例采用食管超声监测下非胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术矫治漏斗胸,共85例患儿,其中男61例,女24例.年龄7岁8个月至17岁5个月,平均13岁2个月.胸廓指数(Haller index)在3.6～14.2之间,平均4.1.79例为初次漏斗胸手术,6例为复发漏斗胸,64例患儿置入1根钢板,21例置入2根钢板.结果 85例患儿均顺利完成手术,无术中严重并发症发生.手术时间28～70 min,平均40 min;出血量10～40ml,平均15ml.全部患儿术后未出现伤口感染,恢复顺利,术后5～7 d出院,平均6d.本组22例患儿术后钢板安置满3年已手术移除钢板.85例均获随访,随访时间14～38个月,平均23个月.患儿疼痛消失,活动量增加,无不适表现,患儿和家属满意矫形效果.结论 使用食管超声监测,术中能够比较清楚的反映术中心脏大血管及心包的状态,可以有效的发现并避免术中严重的并发症,食管超声在漏斗胸手术中为一种有效的监测手段.     

Nuss术治疗小儿漏斗胸的CT指数评估

目的 探讨采用CT指数客观评估Nuss手术治疗小儿漏斗胸效果的价值.方法 2005年5月至2009年1月,采用胸腔镜辅助下改良Nuss术治疗115例中重度漏斗胸患儿,将已拔除钢板的30例患儿作为研究对象.采用胸部CT扫描分别测量术前、Nuss术后、拔除钢板后的CT指数,进行对比研究.选取年龄匹配的30例排除胸部畸形的患儿作为对照组.将实验组分为小年龄组(≤10岁)22例及大年龄组(>10岁)8例;对称型组18例及不对称型组12例;中度组(CT指数≤5)18例及重度组(CT指数>5)12例.各组之间进行对比及统计分析.结果 实验组Nuss术后以及拔除钢板后的CT指数与术前进行配对t检验显示差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001),拔除钢板后CT指数与Nuss术后相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.472),并且与对照组的2.48±0.24相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.057).小年龄组与大年龄组Nuss术后及拔钢板后的CT指数与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组之间相比,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.093,P=0.116).对称型组和不对称型组Nuss术后及拔钢板后的CT指数与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),而两组之间相比,差异均无统计学意K(P=0.281,P=0.610).中度组和重度组Nuss术后及拔钢板后CT指数与术前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组之间Nuss术后相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但拔钢板后差异无统计学意义(P=0.093).结论 CT指数可以客观地评估Nuss术矫治小儿漏斗胸术后乃至拔除钢板后的手术效果.无论年龄、畸形类型及畸形程度,Nuss手术均能取得良好效果.     

Minimal access treatment of pectus carinatum: a preliminary report

Background  Unlike the minimal access repair of pectus excavatum (PE), a minimal access repair of pectus carinatum (PC) has not been established. This initial experience reports the correction of PC using a minimal access technique in five patients. Methods  The procedure was performed by insertion of a pectus bar through either bilateral or only left midaxillary incision. The pectus bar was placed so that the elevated sternum could be depressed. Thoracoscopy was not employed during the procedures and no stabiliser plates were used. On completion of the procedure, a chest tube was inserted into the thoracic cavity to evacuate the air from the thoracic cavity followed by wound closure. Results  The operation time ranged from 75 to 110 min. The chest tube was removed on the second postoperative day and the patients were discharged between the fifth and seventh postoperative day. There was one dislocation in which the bar was finally removed, and in three patients a prolapse of the end of the strut through intercostal space necessitated refixation using wires. Conclusion  Despite a small series, this method offers a minimal access repair of PC, which is comparable to the technique used for PE. The invasiveness of our method is obviously far less, than of those different open surgical techniques performed worldwide presently. Our postoperative results warrant the application of this technique in patients with PC.     

微创Nuss手术治疗儿童漏斗胸的研究进展

漏斗胸是一种胸壁凹陷性畸形,Nuss手术是治疗漏斗胸的一种微创手术,具有创伤小、操作简便、并发症少、手术效果良好等优点,已成为治疗漏斗胸的首选术式。随着Nuss手术的不断改良以及腔镜技术的提高,Nuss手术的适用范围不断扩大,胸腔镜辅助Nuss手术在临床应用广泛。作者在Pubmed、万方数据、中国知网等数据库,以漏斗胸、Nuss手术、手术治疗为关键词,查阅相关文献,将微创Nuss手术治疗漏斗胸的概况、技术要点、争议及改良方法等作一综述。虽然Nuss手术的发展给漏斗胸患儿带来福音,但其临床应用的具体问题和中远期疗效仍需进一步研究。     

Improvement of tracheal compression after pectus excavatum repair

A 4-year-old girl with pectus excavatum (PE), multiple prior respiratory infections, tracheomalacia and tracheal compression due to the innominate artery was referred for surgical evaluation. Aortopexy was deemed unlikely to improve airway diameter due to her chest concavity. Thoracoscopy-assisted PE repair was performed, resulting in marked improvement in the anteroposterior diameter of the trachea and resolution of her respiratory symptoms. Durability of the PE correction at 2 and 7 years following bar removal was demonstrated radiographically.     

改良Ravitch结合Nuss术治疗小儿鸡胸

目的：探讨改良Ravitch结合Nuss术治疗小儿鸡胸的手术方法及疗效。方法2008年1月至2013年1月我们采取手术治疗鸡胸10例,男8例,女2例,对称型7例,非对称型3例;年龄最小5岁,最大16岁,均行改良Ravitch结合Nuss术。结果对称型和非对称型鸡胸患儿术后胸廓外观均满意。2例术后出现皮下气肿,2例气胸,均自行吸收。1例术后3个月钢板固定片处感染,需再次手术拔除固定片。6例已经拔除钢板,随访12～26个月,平均（20．6±2．5）个月,均无胸廓变形。结论改良Ravitch和Nuss术均是较成熟和易于掌握的手术方法,两者结合矫正小儿鸡胸,矫形效果更佳。     

Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术的对比研究

目的对比研究微创Nuss手术与传统改良Ravitch手术治疗小儿漏斗胸。方法随访3年224例漏斗胸手术,其中Nuss手术148例,改良Ravitch手术76例,将两种术式一般情况、围术期情况、并发症和满意度进行比较。结果224例均顺利完成手术。两组患儿平均年龄无差异,但平均手术时间、术中出血量Nuss组(48.63±12.66)、(6.57±12.69)明显少于Ravitch组(90.99±17.24)、(29.25±15.02),有极显著性差异;术后引流量、下地活动时间、术后平均住院天数Nuss组(10.78±12.78)、(1.27±0.55)、(6.81±0.55)低于Ravitch组(27.83±11.73)、(3.63±0.95)、(9.59±0.72),有显著性差异;仅术后引流时间无显著性差异。并发症Nuss组为10.8%,包括2例气胸、10例皮下气肿、1例支架移位、2例疼痛和1例获得性脊柱侧弯。Ravitch组并发症发生率为3.9%,包括气胸、缝线反应和支架移位各1例。两组并发症均无严重致命性,且预后良好。术后1年内、2年内及取支架后患儿及家长满意度均无显著性差异。结论微创矫正小儿漏斗胸的Nuss手术与改良Ravitch手术相比具有切口小而隐蔽、手术时间短、出血少、活动早、不需游离胸壁肌肉皮瓣,不需肋软骨或胸骨的切除、长期保持胸部伸展性,扩张性、柔韧性和弹性等优点。患者手术时机可由3岁到成人,手术成功的关键是手术适应证的正确选择。广泛对称性的漏斗胸尤其合并扁平胸是Nuss手术的最佳选择。凹陷重的局限型漏斗胸及严重不对称的漏斗胸应首选改良Ravitch手术。随着经验的积累,Nuss手术围术期并发症将有所降低。     

Normal appearance and size of the diaphragmatic crura in children: CT evaluation

Purpose. The objectives of the study were to document the normal CT appearance and size of the crura of the diaphragm in children.Materials and methods. The CT scans of 80 children (0–15 years) were reviewed. The children were divided into eight age groups. The maximal transverse diameters of the right and left crura were measured. They were normalized by comparison with the transverse and anteriorposterior diameters of the 12th thoracic vertebra (T12) and the transverse abdominal diameter at T12. The crura were also evaluated as to whether their contour was smooth or nodular. Results. The diaphragmatic crura of smaller children appear large, relative to body size and the diameters of the T12 vertebral body, compared with those in older children. Crural width does not increase significantly with age. Additionally, the crura were found to have a greater tendency to be nodular in appearance in children under the age of 5 years than in older children. Conclusion. Diaphragmatic crura are more nodular and larger relative to body size in younger children.     

Preliminary study on the effects of bar placement on the thorax after the nuss procedure for pectus excavatum using bone scintigraphy.

AIM: Bone scintigraphy was performed to elucidate the effects of the Nuss procedure for pectus excavatum on the bony thorax. METHODS: Eight boys and 6 girls (5 - 24 years of age) underwent bone scintigraphy, using (99m)Tc-HMDP. Eleven patients were studied 5 to 21 days after the Nuss procedure; 6 were studied 20 to 24 months after the operation before bar removal. Three of 14 were studied twice after the Nuss procedure and before bar removal. RESULTS: In the early postoperative phase, RI accumulation was found at the sternum and ribs in only 1 of 6 patients under 9 years of age, whereas in all 5 older patients, RI had accumulated at the sternum. Scintigrams before bar removal revealed, regardless of age, hot spots at the lateral ribs in contact with the bar and at the costochondral junctions where the bar passed through the intercostal spaces. Furthermore, chest roentgenograms showed the deformed lateral ribs in contact with the bar. CONCLUSIONS: The Nuss procedure creates minute fractures at the sternum and the ribs, especially in older patients. The bar deforms the ribs and restrains the growth of the thorax. Furthermore, it constantly rubs against the ribs and can therefore cause late complications. Bone scintigraphy may determine the appropriate timing for bar removal.     

Cardiac perforation by a pectus bar after surgical correction of pectus excavatum: case report and review of the literature

Pectus excavatum (PE) is a congenital sternal depression. The two most popular methods of correction are the highly modified Ravitch repair (HMRR) and the Nuss procedure. Presented here is a case of PE surgical correction in a 17.5-year-old male, beginning with the Nuss technique and converting to the HMRR during surgery, due to unsatisfying results. The procedure inadvertently culminated in perforation of the heart and lungs by the inserted pectus bar, with aggravation of the damage by resuscitation efforts. This article analyzes the chain of events leading to the patient’s death and reviews the literature on the subject. There are no sources of support for the work in the form of grants, equipment, drugs, or any combination of these.