微卫星标记及其在动物基因图谱构建中的应用

本文阐述了微卫星标记的结构特点、多态性及保守性 ,介绍了分离微卫星标记的两种策略 ,着重阐述了微卫星标记在动物基因图谱构建中的应用     

鹿微卫星遗传分析的研究现状

鹿茸、鹿鞭、鹿筋及鹿胎等皆为传统名贵鹿类中药材,研究鹿的遗传分析对于品种资源的保护和利用、杂种优势的预测以及遗传育种工作有着重要的意义。因此本文综述了微卫星DNA作为遗传标记在鹿上的研究进展,阐明了微卫星标记是一种非常理想的分子标记技术,具有广阔的应用前景,同时对今后微卫星标记在动物遗传育种中的研究工作提出了自己的一些见解。     

DNA遗传标记在山羊遗传多样性研究上的应用

本文综述了DNA遗传标记在山羊的遗传多样性分析上的应用。分别叙述了RFLP、线粒体DNA多态性、RAPD、微卫星标记、AFLP等几个方面目前在山羊上的研究。     

利用微卫星标记分析新疆天山马鹿3个群体的遗传多样性

本文利用5个微卫星标记对新疆天山马鹿遗传多样性进行了检测分析。统计了天山马鹿三个群体的等位基因组成、平均有效等位基因数(E)和平均基因纯合率(Rh),利用等位基因频率计算出各群体的平均遗传杂合度(h)、多态信息含量(PIC)。结果表明5个微卫星位点在哈密1、04团和151团天山马鹿三个群体的平均多态信息含量分别为0.5462、0.5477、0.5895,除微卫星位点BM5004外均为高度多态,可作为有效的遗传标记用于天山马鹿遗传多样性分析;天山马鹿三个群体总平均PIC、h、Rh和E分别为:0.5611、0.5902、0.5826和2.9。分析认为天山马鹿遗传变异度相对较高,遗传多样性较为丰富。     

羊微卫星标记的研究进展

微卫星DNA在染色体上随机分布．是十分有效的遗传标记。目前在羊中应用的微卫星位点除了少数是直接从DNA文库中筛选的以外．大部分都是借用牛的微卫星住点。这些位点已被广泛的应用于父权的鉴定、遗传多样性和种群结构的分析、QTL定位、遗传图谱的构建等方面的研究。然而微卫DNA的数量目前还远不能满足研究的需要。将来要分离更多的微卫星住点．构建微卫星住点的遗传和物理图谱。这样微卫星DNA才能在羊的研究中发挥更大的作用。     

十五个微卫星标记在超细型细毛羊上的遗传多样性的研究

本研究选取了绵羊1号和3号染色体上的十五个微卫星位点,对超细型细毛羊的六个父系半同胞的232个后代的遗传多样性进行了检测。计算了各位点的等位基因频率(P)、杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)和有效等位基因数(N)。结果表明:十五个微卫星位点中有七个未检测到多态,另外八个在超细型细毛羊中表现出较好的多态性。在这八个多态性标记中,微卫星MAF64位点的多态信息含量最高(PIC=0.8399),微卫星BL-4位点的多态信息含量最低(PIC=0.4201)。多态性标记在群体中的平均等位基因数为5.6个,平均多态信息含量PIC=0.64,平均杂合度H=0.67,平均有效等位基因数N=3.7。经分析,超细型细毛羊群体中的遗传杂合度较高,表明其遗传背景复杂,遗传多样性较为丰富。同时这八个多态性微卫星位点也可用于超细型细毛羊羊毛各性状的进一步研究。     

微卫星标记OarAE101和MCM38在三个山羊品种中的遗传多态性研究

本文利用两个微卫星标记OarAE101和MCM38对波尔山羊、太行山羊和河北奶山羊的等位基因频率、群体多态信息含量、有效等位基因数和杂合度进行了遗传检测，结果表明：微卫星位点OarAE101和MCM38在三个山羊品种中存在多态性，可以用于山羊遗传多样性的评估；位点OarAE101比位点MCM38变异较大，从不同品种来看，波尔山羊的遗传变异程度最大，而河北奶山羊的遗传变异程度相对较小。     

一个致密核性先天性白内障家系致病基因的初步研究

目的 对一个致密核性先天性白内障家系的致病基因进行定位.方法 根据已报道的与先天性白内障相关基因的位置,选择紧密连锁的微卫星多态性标记,PCR扩增后进行基因分型,以分型结果为基础,利用等位基因共享分析和两点连锁分析对已知候选基因进行排除定位.结果 该家系临床表型为致密核性先天性白内障,目前尚无关于该表型致病突变的报道.已知的15个候选基因区域附近的微卫星位点均不存在等位基因共享;除D11S898外,其余27个微卫星位点的LOD值在重组率(θ)为0时均为-∝,致病基因与15个已知基因之间不存在连锁关系.结论 该家系的致病基因不是15个已知的先天性白内障相关基因,其致病基因有待进一步研究.     

SNP及其在畜牧业中的应用前景

SNP(single nucleotide polymorphisns-单核苷酸多态性)是继限制性片段长度多态性和微卫星之后，新发展起来的第3代分子标记。已成为一类新的遗传标记，广泛应用于基因定位、克隆和遗传多样性研究。本文介绍了SNP的特性、检测方法及其在畜牧业研究生产中的广泛利用前景。并提出了SNP研究中遇到的一些问题。     

牛基因组研究进展（上）

本文主要对牛基因组遗传连锁图，物理图以及牛基因组图与人类和其它畜种比较作图进展进行了综述。在过去近１０年中，牛基因组图的研究随着作图技术，特别是ＤＮＡ微卫星等多态标记和标定物理图的ＺＯＯ－ＦＩＳＨ及ＲＨ图等方法的迅速发展，取得了很大进展。     

微卫星DNA标记技术检测ENU致C57BL/6J小鼠基因突变

目的建立微卫星DNA标记技术检测基因突变的方法。方法对C57BL/6J近交系小鼠腹腔注射乙基亚硝基脲（ENU）溶液后,分析其外观和精子畸形状况,应用41个在不同品系小鼠间表现多态性的微卫星位点,通过STR扫描技术检测ENU诱变后不同组织的微卫星多态性。结果个别ENU诱变小鼠背部出现白斑;精子畸形率在80%左右,显著高于对照组（P〈0.01）;有4个微卫星位点在不同组织表现出多态性。结论微卫星DNA标记技术可检测到基因突变,初步建立了微卫星DNA检测ENU致C57BL/6J小鼠基因突变的方法。     

Instability of microsatellites in radiation-associated thyroid tumours with short latency periods

Purpose: To determine the instability of microsatellite sequences in post-Chernobyl thyroid tumours from children and young adults, and to ascertain whether they correlated with the age of the patient at the time of the accident and the tumour latency period. Materials and methods: The stability of 26 microsatellite markers was investigated in 122 radiation-associated thyroid tumours (96 children, 26 adults) from Belarus and 39 spontaneous thyroid tumours (adults) from Munich without radiation history. Results: A significant correlation between patient age at the time of the accident and the instability of microsatellite sequences was established. Also, a high instability of microsatellite sequences was found in 28 early thyroid tumours from Belarus with latency periods of 6-8 years, in contrast to a low instability of microsatellites in 94 tumours emerging 9-11 years after the accident. Microsatellite instability in the reference group from Munich proved similar to the early thyroid tumours from Belarus. Conclusion: Early, fast-growing and aggressive post-Chernobyl thyroid tumours are characterized by an increase in microsatellite instability.     

Instability of microsatellites in radiation-associated thyroid tumours with short latency periods

PURPOSE: To determine the instability of microsatellite sequences in post-Chernobyl thyroid tumours from children and young adults, and to ascertain whether they correlated with the age of the patient at the time of the accident and the tumour latency period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The stability of 26 microsatellite markers was investigated in 122 radiation-associated thyroid tumours (96 children, 26 adults) from Belarus and 39 spontaneous thyroid tumours (adults) from Munich without radiation history. RESULTS: A significant correlation between patient age at the time of the accident and the instability of microsatellite sequences was established. Also, a high instability of microsatellite sequences was found in 28 early thyroid tumours from Belarus with latency periods of 6-8 years, in contrast to a low instability of microsatellites in 94 tumours emerging 9-11 years after the accident. Microsatellite instability in the reference group from Munich proved similar to the early thyroid tumours from Belarus. CONCLUSION: Early, fast-growing and aggressive post-Chernobyl thyroid tumours are characterized by an increase in microsatellite instability.     

A Multiplex PCR assay to differentiate between dog and red fox

Foxes are frequently the cause of car accidents in Baden-Württemberg (BW, Germany). The domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is in close relation to the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the silver fox which is a coat colour variant of the red fox.As insurance claims that involve accidents with animals require authentication, we analyzed frequency distribution and allele sizes in two canine microsatellite loci in 26 dogs (different breeds) and 19 red foxes of the region of BW, Germany. Moreover, sequencing analysis was performed.Red foxes exhibited only 1 allele at each microsatellite locus, whereas in dog 7 alleles at the CPH4 locus and 6 alleles at the CPH12 locus were detected.Sequences of PCR products from the two species revealed several differences between dogs and foxes. We established a sequenced allelic ladder and give population data from dogs and red foxes from the region of BW, Germany. Using microsatellite polymorphisms is efficient in differentiating between dogs and foxes in forensic casework.     

微卫星标记的研究与应用

本文阐述了微卫星DNA的含义、分布、其多态性分析特点及其检测原理、方法,并对其在遗传连锁图谱构建及基因定位上的研究概况作一综述。     

Dose-response relationship for radiation-induced mutations at micro- and minisatellite loci in human somatic cells in culture

Purpose : The study was designed to determine the dose-response relationship for radiation induction of mutations at mini- and microsatellite loci in human somatic cells. Mutations induced by graded doses of gamma-irradiation were quantified by screening clones derived from single irradiated cells for micro- and minisatellite alterations following irradiation with 1, 2 or 3 Gy. Materials and methods : After irradiation, the moderately radioresistant glioma cell line UVW was seeded at low density into Petri dishes to allow formation of discrete colonies, 100 of which were examined at each dose. All the cells within a colony were presumed to have arisen from a single irradiated cell. Radiation-induced microsatellite alterations were determined at 16 different loci, by PCR amplification and visualization on polyacrylamide gels. Minisatellite alterations were identified at four different minisatellite loci by restriction enzyme digestion and Southern blotting. Results : A dose-response curve for mutation frequency was obtained by analysis of 100 clones, yielding a minisatellite mutation rate of 5.5 X 10 -3 mutations/locus/Gy/cell and a microsatellite mutation rate of 8.75 X 10 -4 mutations/locus/Gy/cell. At microsatellite loci, alterations were predominantly simple loss or gain of repeat units and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). The mutations in minisatellite loci resulted predominantly in LOH and variation in repeat number. The background instability at each locus was determined by analysis of non-irradiated clones. Only 2% and 1% of the micro- and minisatellite loci respectively showed altered bands. Conclusions : This is the first report of a dose-response relationship for radiation-induced micro- and minisatellite mutations in human somatic cells. Described is a sensitive method for analysis of low-dose radiation mutagenesis in somatic cells that may prove to be a useful tool for radiation protection and dosimetry.     

Genetic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the North-east Indian Tripuri population

International Journal of Legal Medicine - This study was conducted to explore the genomic diversity and forensic characterization of 15 autosomal microsatellite markers in the East Indian Tripuri...     

皖系长毛兔微卫星标记多态性及其与产毛量相关的研究

本研究利用微卫星标记技术,分析了4个微卫星座位多态性与皖系长毛兔1岁时的产毛量之间关系。结果表明:皖系长毛兔4个微卫星座位上平均检测到4.5(3~6)个等位基因,平均杂合度为0.680(0.630~0.721),平均多态信息含量为0.642(0.559~0.705)。Sol33微卫星座位与1岁时产毛量呈显著相关(P<0.05),其中基因型为AD和BD个体1岁时产毛量与其他3种基因型个体间均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。其他座位Sat4、Sat13和Sol44与皖系长毛兔1岁时产毛量相关不显著(P>0.05)。