白云鄂博铁矿矿工肺内天然钍沉积量及其对健康影响研究

本文报道了白云鄂博稀土铁矿工人肺内天然钍沉积基及其对健康影响的六年研究结果(1980～1985)。作者用负高压静电收集氧子体装置,对该矿200多名接尘矿工进行了600多人次呼出气中氧浓度的测定和肺内天然钍沉积量的推算。结果表明,大约有l/5的接尘矿工肺内天然钍的水平在20pCi以上,最高值为120pCi。根据线性无阈假说,推算了2072名矿工由于吸入天然钍和氧子体对肺组织所造成的累积剂量,估计了可能增加的肺癌例数,结合流行病学调查的结果,目前在该矿接尘矿工中,尚未观察到在1958至1984年期间有肺癌死亡率肯定增加的事实。然而,观察到了部分破碎车间工人肺内天然钍沉积量>41pCi,含钍稀土混合粉尘总量>940mg时,X线胸大片表现为0期(可疑)尘肺,肺功能指标,FEV₁%,MBC,MMEF出现轻度障碍。     

广东高本底地区居民呼出气中(气土)浓度及体内钍-228沉积量的测定

为了估算高本底地区居民和对照地区居民体内钍系核素的沉积量,我们于1980年9月1日至20日列高本底地区的阳江县田畔公社和对照地区的台山县深井公社各20名男性社员进行了呼出气中(气土)浓度的测定,并依此推算出惟内钍-8的沉积量.测定结果是高本底呼出气中平均(气土)浓度为0.56±0.13pCi/升,体内的钍-228的沉积量为100pCi:对照地区呼出气中平均(气土)浓度为0.18+0.04pCi/升,体内的钍-228的沉积量为32pCi。这一结果表明,高本底地区居民体内钍系核素量确实高于对照地区,与以往用其他方法所得出的结论是一致的。     

辐射对狗外周血淋巴细胞非特异性酸性酯酶活性的影响

为了估算高本底地区居民和对照地区居民体内钍系核素的沉积量,我们于1980年9月1日至20日列高本底地区的阳江县田畔公社和对照地区的台山县深井公社各20名男性社员进行了呼出气中(气土)浓度的测定,并依此推算出惟内钍-8的沉积量.测定结果是高本底呼出气中平均(气土)浓度为0.56±0.13pCi/升,体内的钍-228的沉积量为100pCi:对照地区呼出气中平均(气土)浓度为0.18+0.04pCi/升,体内的钍-228的沉积量为32pCi。这一结果表明,高本底地区居民体内钍系核素量确实高于对照地区,与以往用其他方法所得出的结论是一致的。     

铁矿破碎车间工人肺内天然钍沉积量和X线胸片所见

白云鄂博铁矿破碎车间是全矿粉尘浓度最高的车间,如何采取预防措盘是个值得研究的问题。我们配合中国预防医学科学院工业卫生实验所等单位,对破碎车间31名接尘工人进行了肺内天然钍沉积量的探测,同时拍摄胸部X线照片进行观察。     

钍尘职业暴露工人外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的研究

目的 研究含钍稀土混合粉尘对职业暴露人员外周血淋巴细胞染色体畸变的影响。方法 采用常规吉姆萨染色方法分析53名钍尘作业工人及58名非接尘工人(对照组)的染色体非稳定性畸变,荧光原位杂交方法分析10名钍尘作业工人及11名非接尘工人的染色体稳定性畸变。结果 接尘组的畸变细胞、双着丝粒+环和总畸变率显著高于对照组(χ²=4.12,P<0.05; χ²=5.07,P<0.05; χ²=7.09,P<0.01)。无着丝粒的畸变率在接尘组与对照组间差异无统计学意义。接尘组的易位率(4.5±2.0)与对照组的易位率(3.8±1.7)比较差异无统计学意义(Z=-0.566,P>0.05)。结论 长期职业暴露于含钍稀土混合粉尘能够增加染色体的非稳定性畸变,未观察到易位率增加。     

根据静电收集的氢子体确定人呼出气中的氢活度

本文介绍了用静电收集人呼出气中氧子体探测人体内各种钍化台物污染程度的测量系统。它是根据美国阿贡国立实验所的同类系统改建而啦。本系统所用闪烁计数器的术底为每分钟0.003次计数。整个系统的总效率为70%,对体外氧活熏的最小可探测限为0.19pci(零活室+2σ)。当肺内天然钍沉积最为6pci时,用本系统进行探测时的总误差为±47%,达到了IcRP第l0号出版物提出的用呼出气中氧活度对肺内钍沉积龄进行探测时的盈制-6pci(一个调查水平的十分之一)的要求。     

推荐《吸入钍尘对矿工健康的影响与防治措施系列研究》一书

2007年7月,由北京大学医学出版社出版了陈兴安的专著<吸入钍尘对矿工健康的影响与防治措施系列研究>[1],1年后的2008年6月,再次出版了其与程永娥合著的英文版[2].时任中华医学会会长的中国工程院钟南山院士为该书作序.其中含有多项具有创造性的研究成果,曾获得国家科技进步二等奖(2004年)等6项成果奖.     

推荐《吸入钍尘对矿工健康的影响与防治措施系列研究》一书

2007年7月,由北京大学医学出版社出版了陈兴安的专著<吸入钍尘对矿工健康的影响与防治措施系列研究>[1],1年后的2008年6月,再次出版了其与程永娥合著的英文版[2].时任中华医学会会长的中国工程院钟南山院士为该书作序.其中含有多项具有创造性的研究成果,曾获得国家科技进步二等奖(2004年)等6项成果奖.     

稀土矿尘和天然钍联合作用的病理学观察

稀土矿多伴土具有放射性的天然钍,天然钍以二氧化钍(ThO₂)形式存在。对稀土矿工的健康：状况调盎结果和动物实验资料已证明,稀土矿尘可致肺纤维化。     

放射性稀土混合粉尘对工作人员的毒理学效应

目的 探讨长期接触含放射性钍稀土混合粉尘对作业人员的毒理学效应。方法单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测外周血淋巴细胞DNA彗星长度,根据彗星长度评价DNA损伤;采用Giemsa染色法检测外周血淋巴细胞微核率。结果接尘和对照组人员外周血淋巴细胞彗星迁移长度平均值分别为(40.2±4.14)μm和(39.5±2.54)μm,两组差异无统计学意义(t=0.70,P>0.05)。微核率结果分别为(2.71±2.04)‰和(0.79±0.91)‰,两组差异有统计学意义(χ²=110.9,P<0.01);肺通气功能障碍发生率两组分别为70.9%和64.9%,接尘组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=8.71,P<0.05)。结论含放射性稀土混合粉尘对职业工作者可产生一定的毒理学效应。     

Physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck

The aim was to give a systematic presentation of physiologic and pathologic calcifications and ossifications in the face and neck with a special emphasis on clinical relevance. In a sometimes subacute setting one should recognize specific calcifications which often lead to important diagnoses such as fungal sinusitis or sclerosing labyrinthitis. In a more chronic situation intraocular calcifications in small children are pathognomonic for retinoblastoma. Juxtatumoral sclerosis of the laryngeal cartilage in laryngopharyngeal carcinoma is usually caused by tumor infiltration of the cartilage resulting in a higher tumor stage and, this way, has a major impact on the therapeutical strategy. Calcified lymph nodes are mainly unspecific but can be the result of tuberculosis or metastases of thyroid cancer. Cross-sectional imaging methods, most of all computed tomography, are ideally suited to reveal head and neck calcifications and ossifications, especially those which are clinically relevant.     

Head and neck infection and inflammation

This article discusses the imaging manifestations of infectious and inflammatory conditions of the head and neck. Special attention is paid to the sites, routes of spread, and complications of neck infections. Because the clinical signs and symptoms and the complications of these conditions are often determined by the precise anatomic site involved, anatomic considerations are stressed. Familiarity with the fascial layers, spaces of the neck, and the contents of each space is helpful for this discussion. The fascial layers of the neck are important barriers to infection, and once infection is established, the fascial layers play a part in directing its spread.     

幽门螺杆菌分泌与重组表达的VacA蛋白的分离纯化及其致细胞空泡效应与凋亡的对比研究

目的：分离纯化幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的细胞空泡毒素抗原（ VacA）蛋白,并评价其致细胞空泡效应及致细胞凋亡效应。方法分别从幽门螺杆菌ATCC26695菌株培养上清和重组表达VacA蛋白的pQE30-VacA-E．coliM15基因工程菌中分离纯化VacA蛋白,经酸化后,以不同终浓度（5,10 ng／ml）分别与人胃腺癌AGS细胞共孵24 h,观察致空泡效应,并通过流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡。结果成功分离纯化出幽门螺杆菌分泌和重组表达的VacA蛋白;幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白能显著引起AGS细胞的空泡样改变及凋亡（P＜0．01）,而重组表达的VacA蛋白致细胞空泡样改变及凋亡不显著（ P＞0．05）。结论幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白有良好的空泡毒性及致凋亡效应,而重组表达的VacA蛋白无致空泡及凋亡效应,幽门螺杆菌分泌的VacA蛋白可用于VacA作用机制的研究。     

化学和生物学融合对国际武器公约履约的影响

化学武器公约（ CWC）和生物武器公约（ BWC）是为禁止生产、发展、储存和使用化学武器和生物武器而制定的国际公约。近年来,科学技术快速发展,知识交叉渗透,学科之间出现整合和融合,促进了科技进步和经济发展。其中化学和生物学融合在有力促进制药、健康卫生、绿色化学和环境保护等产业进步的同时,也对化学和生物武器公约的履约产生了重要的影响。该文综述了与化学武器和生物武器公约相关的化学和生物学融合进展,并分析其对公约履约的影响。     

Coracoclavicular and coracoacromial ligament calcification and ossification

Thirty-six patients with calcification or ossification at or around the coracoclavicular and coracoacromial regions were analyzed with regard to type, location, and configuration of the deposits and related clinical history. Calcification or ossification in the coracoclavicular region resulted largely from trauma (36%) or renal failure (28%). Trauma patients may develop punctate calcification or ossification but do not develop the tumoral type of calcification. About 5% of the renal failure patients had coracoclavicular ligament calcifications, one-half of which were of the tumoral type. Renal failure patients may have punctate or tumoral calcifications but do not develop ossification.     

CLIP相关技术的研究进展

在真核生物基因表达的转录后调节中,RNA结合蛋白（ RBP）起着关键作用,很多RBP的异常与人类疾病的发生密切相关。自2000年的RNA免疫沉淀和芯片分析方法（ RNA immunoprecipitation with differential display or microarray analysis , RIP-ChIP）出现以来,人们开始就RBP与RNA相互作用进行了系统而广泛的研究。经过改良和发展,基于体内实时紫外交联免疫沉淀法（ ultraviolet crosslinking and immunoprecipitation , CLIP ）、交联免疫沉淀cDNA文库高通量测序法（ high-throughput sequencing of CLIP cDNA library , HITS-CLIP）、光催化核糖核苷增强交联和免疫沉淀法（ photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking and immunprecipitation , PAR-CLIP）以及提高个别核苷酸分辨率交联和免疫共沉淀法（ individual nucleotide resolution CLIP , iCLIP）等RIP-ChIP衍生方法相继产生,使用这些方法,可以解析RBP的RNA识别特异性,而且通过与高通量测序技术结合,可以实现转录组尺度的RBP的靶序列的鉴定,分辨率也得到极大提高。该文就RNA与蛋白的相互作用的基本原理及其研究进展、相关技术存在的问题以及发展趋势进行简要综述。     

Oxygen uptake and ventilation during rowing and running in females and males

This study evaluated if the ventilatory response to exercise is impaired by the cramp position of rowing. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), maximal expiratory volume (VEmax), and maximal heart rate (HRmax) during rowing and running were compared in 55 males (age, mean +/- SD, 21 +/- 3 years; height 176 +/- 5 cm; body mass 72 +/- 6 kg) and 18 females (age 20 +/- 2 years; height 164 +/- 5 cm; body mass 61 +/- 4 kg). VEmax was larger during rowing than during running (males, 157 +/- 16 vs. 147 +/- 13 L min(-1); 114 +/- 9 vs. 105 +/- 11 L min(-1), P<0.01). Also VO2max was larger during rowing than during running (males, 4.5 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.3 +/- 0.4 L min(-1); females, 3.3 +/- 0.4 vs. 3.2 +/- 0.4 L min(-1), P<0.01). However, HRmax was lower during rowing than during running (males, 194 +/- 8 vs. 198 +/- 11 beats min(-1); females, 192 +/- 6 vs. 196 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P<0.05). VEmax was correlated to body mass and fat-free mass, as was VO2max. Thus, the oxygen pulse (VO2max/HRmax) was larger during rowing than during running, while the ventilatory equivalent for oxygen (VEmax/VO2max) was similar. We showed that bending the body during rowing does not seem to impair ventilation either in males or in females. The results indicate that VEmax and VO2max relate to body size and fat-free mass for both females and males. The findings indicate that the involvement of more muscles, the entrainment, and the body position during rowing facilitates ventilation and venous return and lowers maximal heart rate.     

Old and dangerous: Prison and dementia

Older prisoners are the fastest growing group of prisoners in many countries. The purpose of this study is to explore the phenomenon of detention of persons suffering from dementia. Medline searches were conducted for relevant articles, chapters and books published until August 2016. Search terms included dementia, elderly, prison and criminal. Publications found through this indexed search were reviewed for further relevant references. As results, there is a lack of data about elderly with dementia in prisons. Given the rise in the average age, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the number of older prisoners is growing. Moreover, some elderly are imprisoned with a concomitant cognitive impairment or psychiatric disorder while others will develop such diseases once incarcerated. At the present time, legal and social systems seem unprepared to handle the phenomenon of dementia in prison. As proposal, health assessments for older first time offenders should become a practice inside the correctional facilities and include an evaluation for specific health issues, such as psychiatric comorbidity and cognitive impairment.     

Kidney and iodinated and gadolinium-based contrast agents

In patients with renal failure, iodinated contrast agents may cause acute deterioration of the renal function and gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) may cause nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF). The administration of a contrast agent must thus be reviewed for each patient and evaluation of renal function is paramount even though its estimation using formulas derived from the creatinine level may fluctuate. For iodinated contrast agents, contrast induced nephropathy is reduced by hydratation, preferably intravenous, when the GFR is less than 60 ml/min. The risk for intravenous injections is less than the risk for arterial injections, and the GFR threshold may be reduced to 45 ml/min. For gadolinium-based contrast agents, patients at risk for NSF are those with end-stage renal disease and patients undergoing dialysis. In such cases, the injection of a gadolinium-based contrast agent is only considered after a risk-benefit analysis has been completed, an alternate linear or macrocyclic agent issued and the dose limited to 0,1 mmol Gd/kg. Recently, recommendations from US and European agencies have converged. Learning objectives: to be familiar with the risk factors of CIN with iodinated contrast agents; to be familiar with hydration procedures for patients at risk of CIN; to be familiar with the diagnostic criteria of NSF; to be familiar with the classification of GBCA with regards to the risk of NSF; to be familiar with the contraindications of the different groups of GBCA.