苯丙烯酰胺类化合物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

目的设计并合成一系列苯丙烯酰胺衍生物并考察其抗肿瘤活性。方法以4-氨甲基苯甲酸为原料合成一系列苯甲酰胺类组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂。目标化合物经过1H-NMR、MS鉴定,且采用MTT法对其抗肿瘤活性进行了初步评价。结果与结论设计并合成了8个新化合物,其中3个化合物显示出良好的抗肿瘤活性,为进一步对抗肿瘤药物的结构优化奠定了一定的基础。     

2周跑台训练对大鼠空间学习和记忆能力及海马组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性的影响

目的:探讨跑台训练对大鼠空间学习和记忆能力及海马组蛋白乙酰转移酶(HAT)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)活性的影响。方法:3周龄清结级SD雄性大鼠48只,随机分为安静组(n=24)和训练组(n=24),训练组大鼠进行2周每天30 min的跑台训练,速度和时间依次为8 m/min×3min,10 m/min×3 min,15 m/min×18 min,10 m/min×3 min,8 m/min×3 min。安静组大鼠每天在同一时间段放于跑台上30min,不开动跑台。训练最后三天,采用Morris水迷宫检测所有大鼠学习和记忆行为,指标为大鼠找到放置D象限的平台的潜伏期,120秒内在各象限的游泳时间百分比及穿越原平台相应位置的次数。分别于最后一次训练结束后即刻、1 h和6 h检测大鼠海马组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白去乙酰化酶活性。结果:与安静组相比,训练组大鼠潜伏期显著缩短,在D象限的游泳时间百分比显著增加,在120秒穿越原平台位置的次数显著增加。训练组大鼠运动即刻和1 h海马HAT活性较安静组显著升高、HDAC活性较安静组显著降低,二者在训练后6 h均恢复到基础水平。结论:2周跑台训练显著提高大鼠的空间学习和记忆能力;急性运动可导致大鼠海马组织短时HAT活性升高和HDAC活性降低,2周跑台训练未引起大鼠安静时海马组织HAT和HDAC活性显著变化。     

HDAC2介导低氧促红系分化作用

目的 探讨组蛋白去乙酰化酶2(HDAC2)在低氧对人慢性髓系白血病K562细胞向红系分化中的作用.方法 K562细胞在氯化血红素诱导后分别经过低氧(1％O2,Hyp组)或常氧(20％O2,Nor组)处理后,联苯胺染色观察血红蛋白(Hb)阳性细胞率的改变,流式细胞仪检测CD235a+/CD71+细胞率的差异,Western印迹和实时定量PCR(qRT-PCR)分别检测HDAC2和红系标记分子CD235a、γ-珠蛋白(γ-globin)在蛋白和mRNA水平的表达变化;最后使用组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂曲古霉素A(TSA)处理细胞,并用shRNA敲低HDAC2表达后评价低氧下K562细胞向红系分化的改变.结果 低氧能促进K562细胞向红系分化,并上调细胞中HDAC2的表达;抑制HDAC2活性或敲低HDAC2表达后,血红蛋白阳性细胞数减少,CD235a+/CD71+细胞的百分比降低,CD235a和γ-珠蛋白的表达也显著下降.结论 低氧能上调HDAC2表达并通过HDAC2介导K562细胞向红系分化.     

新型组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂对缺氧损伤心肌细胞的保护作用研究

目的：利用化学发光方法和细胞筛选模型,检测新型组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂（ histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACi）JZ005的抑制组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylases,HDACs）的活性;建立氯化钴损伤的心肌细胞缺氧模型,初步探讨JZ005对缺氧损伤细胞的保护作用。方法采用脂质体转染法将含有p21启动子元件的荧光素酶报告基因真核表达载体pCI-p21-Luc转入到人胚肾细胞293中,用G418筛选获得稳定转染荧光素酶报告基因的单克隆细胞系;采用已报道的HDACi曲古抑菌素A（ trichostatina A,TSA）为阳性对照,检测细胞筛选模型的稳定性;用HDACi化学发光检测试剂盒及上述细胞筛选模型测定JZ005抑制HDACs的活性;用不同浓度的JZ005处理氯化钴缺氧损伤的大鼠胚胎心肌细胞（H9c2）,MTT法检测JZ005对缺氧损伤细胞的保护作用。免疫印迹法检测JZ005处理后正常及缺氧损伤心肌细胞组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平变化。流式细胞术检测JZ005对H9c2细胞缺氧损伤后凋亡的影响。结果建立含p21启动子元件荧光素酶报告基因的HDACi细胞筛选模型;JZ005能够显著抑制HDACs的活性,浓度50～400μmol／L,抑制率＞50％。对缺氧损伤的心肌细胞具有明显保护作用,与对照组相比,细胞存活率提高38．33％、56．00％和35．20％,同时能够上调缺氧损伤心肌细胞组蛋白H3的乙酰化水平,拮抗缺氧损伤心肌细胞的凋亡,细胞凋亡数目从对照组的12．89％分别下降到给药组（25,50和100μmol／L）的6．63％、10．56％和8．89％。结论成功建立了HDACi的细胞筛选模型;JZ005作为一种新型的HDACi ,具有明显的保护心肌细胞拮抗缺氧损伤的作用,提示JZ005有可能开发成一种治疗缺氧损伤的药物。     

组蛋白去乙酰酶阻滞剂的放射增敏作用

放射治疗是肿瘤的重要治疗手段之一,辐射可以导致细胞DNA双链断裂。细胞主要通过同源重组修复和非同源末端连接修复方式修复DNA双链断裂。随着对双链DNA损伤修复机制认识的深化,组蛋白去乙酰酶（HDAC）阻滞剂成为提高放射敏感性的一种新策略。HDAC可分为4类。HDAC阻滞剂可非特异性地或特异性地阻滞这4类HDAC,使组蛋白乙酰化水平提高,染色体解螺旋,核小体结构改变。一方面使DNA更易受到辐射的影响;另一方面通过降低E2F1转录因子活性抑制损伤修复蛋白Ku80、Rad51等的表达,使其不能募集DNA损伤修复蛋白,且不能形成相应的蛋白复合物,使同源重组修复和非同源末端连接修复作用延缓,在伴有或不伴有肿瘤细胞凋亡增加的情况下,提高放射敏感性。现已有一些临床试验在进行中,并取得了初步的结果。     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的构效关系研究进展

组蛋白去乙酰化酶介导核小体结构改变和调节基因表达，参与细胞周期进程和分化，并且与多种疾病如癌症、急性髓性白血病、病毒和感染等的发生与发展有关，研究其抑制剂对上述疾病的治疗具有重要意义。组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂按结构类型分为：异羟肟酸类、羧酸类、苯甲酰胺类、亲电酮类、环肽类等。本文从结构与活性关系的角度综述了近年来组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的构效关系研究。     

HDAC1对ERα和ERβ蛋白水平的调控

目的：构建带编码HA标签的hdac1基因真核表达载体，研究组蛋白去乙酰化酶1（HDAC1）对雌激素受体α和β（ERα和ERβ）蛋白水平的影响。方法：用提取的RNA产物进行逆转录合成cDNA，利用PCR技术扩增出hdac1基因完整编码区序列，通过DNA重组技术构建含编码hdac1 DNA片段的真核表达载体pcDNA3-HA—hdac1；利用GST沉降（pull-down）实验观察HDAC1是否能特异结合ERα或ERβ；又将pcDNA3—HA—hdac1重组质粒分别和ERα表达载体或ERβ表达载体质粒共转染293T细胞，观察HDAC1对ERα和ERβ蛋白水平的影响。结果：转染pcDNA3—HA—hdac1重组质粒的哺乳动物细胞表达了与预期相对分子质量大小一致的HDAC1蛋白；GST沉降实验表明，HDAC1蛋白与ERα和ERβ均结合；共转染实验观察到HDAC1可使ERα蛋白水平降低，而对ERβ没有影响。结论：HDAC1与ERα和ERβ均结合，但其对ERs的作用具有亚型特异性，ERα和ERβ蛋白水平可能受不同类型的组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs）的调控。     

曲古抑菌素A在妇科肿瘤中的研究进展

妇科肿瘤作为困扰女性健康的一大顽疾,目前非手术药物治疗主要为化疗,虽然有一定的成效,但传统化疗药物存在着较严重的耐药现象及不良反应。随着对肿瘤细胞信号传导途径不断深入的研究,人们对针对肿瘤的特异性分子靶点如组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDAC）等设计的抗肿瘤药物越来越关注.     

组蛋白去乙酰化酶在肺动脉高压中的作用研究进展

肺动脉高压(PAH)是一种预后不良的进展性疾病,可导致右心功能不全,从而引起一系列临床症状,甚至导致死亡,目前尚缺乏有效的治疗方法.表观遗传改变在PAH的发病中起着重要作用.组蛋白乙酰化修饰是目前研究最为广泛和深入的表观遗传修饰之一.组蛋白乙酰化水平主要由组蛋白乙酰基转移酶(HATs)和组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)调...     

组蛋白乙酰转移酶GCN5对LPS诱导的肺泡上皮细胞损伤的作用

目的 探讨组蛋白乙酰转移酶GCN5介导的组蛋白H3乙酰化对脂多糖(LPS)诱导的肺泡上皮细胞(A549细胞)增殖、凋亡及炎性因子表达的作用。方法 将A549细胞随机分为6组：对照组、LPS组、NC+LPS组、GCN5+LPS组、MB-3(GCN5抑制剂)+LPS组和GCN5+MB-3+LPS组。分别比较对照组、LPS组和GCN5+LPS组，以及LPS组、MB-3+LPS组和GCN5+MB-3+LPS组的组蛋白H3乙酰化水平、GCN5表达水平、细胞活性与增殖情况、细胞凋亡情况、炎性因子水平的差异。采用荧光定量聚合酶链反应(qPCR)检测GCN5 mRNA表达水平；CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞活性；EdU实验检测细胞增殖情况；流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡情况；Western blotting检测GCN5、H3K9ac、H3K14ac、H3K23ac、Caspase-3和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平；酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测炎性因子白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达水平。结果 与对照组A549细胞比较，LPS组的H3K9ac、H3K14ac、H3K23ac...     

Bone grafting in arthroscopy and sports medicine

Bone graft substitutes include autografts, allografts, xenografts, and synthetics. Although autograft is still the gold standard, limited supply and donor morbidity must be considered. Allograft can vary in its bone-inductive qualities and may be processed into various shapes and constructs. Although allografts provide an osteoconductive matrix with some osteoinductivity, only limited anatomic constructs can be provided. Xenografts are abundant in supply, yet their shape and construct dimensions are restricted and xenograft properties are less than ideal due to the processing required to render the material nonimmunogenic. To achieve optimal bone graft properties, researchers are developing new materials with the goal of designing synthetics as close to autograft as possible. The advantages and disadvantages of all of these bone graft materials will be reviewed with emphasis on their relevance and applicability for sports medicine procedures.     

Angiostatin基因转染对膀胱癌BIU-87细胞系生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨外源性血管抑素(angiostatin)基因在人膀胱癌BIU-87细胞中的表达及其意义。方法 将人全长angiostatin基因经脂质体包裹转染膀胱癌BIU-87细胞，行G418筛选获得转基因瘤细胞克隆，比较转基因和未转基因的瘤细胞生长特性。采用免疫荧光、免疫组化及Western blot等方法检测瘤细胞angiostatin蛋白的表达，并应用鸡胚尿囊膜血管生成实验及脐静脉内皮细胞增殖实验检测其活性。结果 外源性angiostatin基因的表达对BIU-87瘤细胞的生长并无影响。转染细胞在体外明显抑制脐静脉内皮细胞的增殖并对鸡胚尿囊膜的血管生成具有明显的抑制作用。结论Angiostatin能特异性地抑制血管内皮细胞增殖，进而抑制血管生成。     

Therapy of thyroid carcinoma with the histone deacetylase inhibitor MS-275

Purpose

Dysregulation of histone acetylation associated with an up-regulation of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is common in malignant tumours. Therefore, HDAC inhibitors were developed whose effects on proliferation and apoptosis have been shown in different tumour entities. Since non-iodide-concentrating thyroid carcinomas represent a therapeutic problem, this study addressed the effects of the HDAC inhibitor MS-275 on thyroid carcinoma cells.

Methods

After the antiproliferative effect of MS-275 had been proven in different human and rat thyroid carcinoma cell lines, FRO82-2, SW1736 and FTC133 cells were further investigated with respect to changes in apoptosis, cell cycle and metabolism by the annexin V/propidium iodide assay, FACS analysis and uptake experiments employing 3-O-methyl-D-(³H)glucose, fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose² [5,6-³H] and ¹⁴C-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB). The induction of iodide transport and gene expression were investigated in ¹²⁵iodide uptake experiments and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results

MS-275 induced a concentration- and time-dependent inhibition of proliferation in the thyroid carcinoma cell lines with varying IC₅₀ values. In FRO82-2, SW1736 and FTC133 cells characterized by low, moderate and high sensitivity an up-regulation of p21^CIP/WAF1 expression and G₁ and/or G₂ phase arrest were observed upon MS-275 exposure corresponding to the sensitivity of individual cell lines. In addition, high MS-275 concentrations increased the apoptotic cell fraction of FTC133 and SW1736 cells, whereas resistance to apoptosis and simultaneous up-regulation of Bcl-2 gene expression were observed in FRO82-2 cells. MS-275 treatment also mediated a concentration-dependent decrease of ³H-FDG uptake and an increased 3-O-methyl-D-(³H)glucose uptake in all thyroid carcinoma cell lines after 24 h, an increased uptake of both tracers in FTC133 cells after 48 h, and restored the functional activity of the sodium-iodide symporter in SW1736 and FTC133 cells up to 20- and 45-fold.

Conclusion

MS-275 exerts dose-dependent antiproliferative effects including growth arrest, differentiation and apoptosis in some thyroid carcinoma cell lines and might, therefore, be considered for the treatment of anaplastic and non-iodide-concentrating thyroid carcinomas.     

高温环境对补体活性的影响

本研究采用琼脂糖单向免疫扩散法,测定了34只受热兔血清总补体活性,结果表明,动物进入(38℃)高温仓后1h和3h,血清总补体活性分别为28.62±8.26u/ml,12.32±4.30u/ml,明显低于对照组(40.48±13.03u/ml),本研究旨在观察高温环境不同时间,对动物总补体活性的影响,及对机体健康的影响程度,为在高温环境下工作,及野战军训指战员提供保健指导。     

苯甲酰胺组蛋白去乙酰化酶抑制剂的合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的 设计合成苯甲酰胺嘧啶衍生物,并初步评价其抗肿瘤活性.方法 以4-氨甲基苯甲酸为原料经过4步反应,合成了12个苯甲酰胺衍生物,结构经过,HNMR和MS鉴定,采用MTT法筛选了目标化合物的抗肿瘤活性并进行初步评价.结果 合成了12个目标化合物,均未见文献报道.5个化合物显示较好的肿瘤细胞增殖抑制活性.结论 化合物5a...     

RNA干扰组蛋白去乙酰化酶1对人胰腺癌细胞增殖、凋亡的调控机制研究

目的观察沉默组蛋白去乙酰化酶1(HDAC1)基因对人胰腺癌PaTu8988细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及可能机制。方法胰腺癌PaTu8988细胞株分为空白对照组(不予任何处理)、阴性对照siRNA组(予以30nmol/L阴性siRNA)、siRNA1组(予以15nmol/LHDAC1siRNA)和siRNA2组(予以30nmol/LHDAC1siRNA)。siRNA转染48h后,用相对实时定量RT-PCR法和West-ernblotting检测HDAC1基因表达情况;相对实时定量RT-PCR法检测细胞增殖凋亡相关基因p21、Bcl-2、Bax的表达;WST-8法检测细胞增殖情况;流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡变化。结果转染HDAC1siRNA48h后人胰腺癌PaTu8988细胞中HDAC1mRNA表达量在siRNA1组和siRNA2组分别为46.1%±6.1%和32.3%±1.4%,均显著低于空白对照组(100.0%±3.4%)和阴性对照siRNA组(87.4%±28.3%,P<0.05)。Westernblotting显示HDAC1蛋白表达量亦明显下降,以siRNA2组表达量最低(P<0.05)。WST-8法检测显示4组细...     

噬菌体展示技术筛选甲型H1N1流感病毒抗原模拟表位的研究

目的筛选特异性甲型H1N1流感病毒抗原模拟表位。方法应用噬菌体表面展示技术,以2009年甲型H1N1流感康复患者的血清作为固相筛选分子,对人工合成的噬菌体随机环七肽库进行3轮吸附-洗脱-扩增筛选。从顶部琼脂噬菌斑中随机挑取32个克隆至处于对数生长期的大肠埃希菌中培养,采用ELISA,交叉反应以及竞争抑制性实验筛选并鉴定阳性克隆,对阳性克隆进行DNA序列分析,对其编码的展示于噬菌体表面的氨基酸序列与流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因进行同源性比较,确定甲型H1N1流感病毒抗原的模拟表位。结果从随机挑选的32个克隆中得到12个阳性克隆,确定氨基酸序列PLHARLP为甲型H1N1流感病毒抗原的模拟表位,其表位由HA的第52,53,59,60,61,83,271位氨基酸共同构成。结论用噬菌体环七肽库筛选得到甲型H1N1流感病毒的模拟表位,为开展用流感病毒模拟表位探索新的流感防治方法奠定了基础。     

Radiosensitization of tumour cells by cantharidin and some analogues

PURPOSE: Mammalian cells at mitosis contain chromatin in compacted form and are hypersensitive to ionizing radiation. Previous research had shown some chemicals that induce chromatin compaction within interphase cells act as radiosensitizers. Of these agents, cantharidin (LS-1), which is an inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A), showed good radiosensitizing activity at non-toxic doses. Cantharidin and 13 additional structural analogues (LS-2-14) were tested for their radiosensitizing activity on tumour cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twelve of the 14 cantharidin analogues were synthesized in the authors' laboratory. Various concentrations of the drugs were screened for toxicity and radiosensitizing effectiveness with asynchronous DU-145 (human prostate carcinoma) cells. More detailed radiobiological studies of the more potent agents were performed with HT-29 (human colon carcinoma) cells since they could be readily synchronized. The radiosensitization of G1 phase HT-29 cells was measured after a 2-h exposure to the more potent drugs and reductions of the surviving fraction after an acute dose of 2 Gy (SF2Gy) served to estimate their relative effectiveness. The increase in phosphorylation of histone 1 (H1) and histone 3 (H3) induced by these drug exposures was measured by Western blotting of protein extracts. Drug-induced change in chromatin morphology was visualized by electron microscopy, and the alkaline comet assay (which measures DNA single-strand breaks) was employed to measure the radiation sensitivity of cellular chromatin in the drug-treated cells. RESULTS: Of the 14 cantharidin analogues tested, LS-1, LS-2 and LS-5 at concentrations of 3-20 microM showed little or no toxicity, produced elevated levels of H1 and H3 phosphorylation, and effected significant radiosensitization at low radiation dose. The chromatin in tumour cells treated with LS-5 became visibly compacted and its DNA was about 1.6 times more sensitive to radiation-induced strand breakage relative to that of control cells. CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the authors' earlier studies that showed an increase in tumour cell intrinsic radiosensitivity by exposure to agents that promote chromatin compaction. LS-5 was identified as the optimal radiosensitizing agent of this class of compounds. Radiosensitization was correlated with chromatin compaction and elevated phosphorylation of H1 and H3. The DNA in drug-treated cells exhibited an enhanced sensitivity to radiation-induced single-strand breakage.