移植肾动脉狭窄介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)介入治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法经股动脉入路对12例TRAS患者行介入治疗,包括经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)和支架置入术。患者从肾移植术后至出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均5.5个月(4～15个月),以手术前后血压、血肌酐、动脉狭窄程度作为判断疗效的指标。结果本组4例行单纯球囊(长20～40mm,直径5～7mm)扩张,5例于PTA后置入支架,3例直接置入支架。PTA术后2例(17%)复发狭窄,行支架置入术;支架术后3例再发狭窄,再次行PTA后无复发。12例患者先后共置入9枚球囊扩张式支架,1枚为自膨式支架。介入治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为65%～95%,术后狭窄率降为10%～25%;平均血压由术前175/105mmHg,降至术后140/80mmHg;平均血肌酐水平由术前475.5μmol/L降至术后118.5μmol/L;术后随访3～48个月(平均9个月),12例中最终治愈4例,改善5例,好转2例,无效1例。手术成功率100%,术中未发生血栓、出血、移植肾栓塞等严重并发症。结论TRAS的介入治疗安全有效,选择恰当入路,合理选择和组合运用PTA与支架置入术,可有效提高TRAS的远期疗效和手术成功率。     

经皮腔内介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的临床疗效

目的:探讨经皮腔内球囊扩张术(PTA)/支架植入术(PTAS)治疗移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的临床疗效。方法:搜集29例经多普勒超声检查确诊为TRAS的患者。所有患者均行PTA/PTAS治疗,分析并比较TRAS患者介入治疗前后相关指标的改变,评估介入治疗疗效及预后。结果:29例患者均成功行PTA/PTAS治疗,其中6例患者行PTA,23例行PTA+PTAS,术中未出现介入治疗相关严重并发症,患者术后肾功能相关指标均明显好转。术后患者血清肌酐由术前(261.96±193.79)μmol/L降至(167.44±76.94)μmol/L(术后1个月),术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.007);尿素氮由术前(14.15±7.08) mmol/L降至(9.83±4.12) mmol/L(术后1个月),术前与术后比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。2例伴高血压患者术后用药减少,1例蛋白尿患者支架植入治疗后蛋白尿消失。29例TRAS患者中4例失访,平均随访时间为22.6个月,其中2例进展为移植肾功能衰竭,2例出现支架相关并发症,给予介入治疗后好转,余患者预后良好。结论:PTA/PTAS是...     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗。方法35例TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6.9个月(3～18个月),记录经皮血管成形术(PTA)前后血压变化和血肌酐水平。经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路,使用普通球囊导管(5F,直径4～6mm,长度20～30mm)和微球囊导管(2.6F,直径3mm,长度36mm)分别对35例TRAS行PTA术,其中11例放置支架。结果35例TRAS患者共行46次PTA(行1次PTA20例,2次12例,3次3例),其中26次经对侧股动脉,20次经左肱动脉穿刺插管。PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为75%～98%,PTA后狭窄率降为10%～30%。PTA前收缩压150～210mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),平均170mmHg,舒张压90～145mmHg,平均120mmHg;PTA后收缩压降为100～190mmHS,平均135mmHg,舒张压降为80～125mmHg,平均85mmHg。首次PTA后再狭窄率39%,再次PTA后狭窄率15%。46次PTA共使用普通球囊导管26个,微球囊导管20个。11枚支架8枚为自膨式支架,3枚为球囊扩张式。术后随访3～60个月(平均23个月)。35例中最终治愈11例,改善15例,好转7例,无效2例。除1例肱动脉入路发生术后穿刺点血肿外无其他并发症。结论TRAS的PTA治疗安全有效,配合肱动脉入路和微球囊导管有助于提高手术成功率;合理选用支架能降低再狭窄率。     

介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗。方法21例TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6．6个月(3～15个月)，记录经皮血管成形术(PTA)前后血压变化和肌酐水平。经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路，使用普通球囊导管(5F，直径4～6mm，长度20～30mm)和微球囊导管(2．6F，直径3mm，长度36mm)分别对21例TRAS行PTA术，其中5例放置支架。结果21例TRAS患者共行32次PTA(行1次PTA13例，2次5例，3次3例)，其中22次经对侧股动脉，10次经左肱动脉穿刺插管。PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为79％～97％，PTA后狭窄率降为10％～30％。PTA前收缩压150～210mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)，平均170mmHg，舒张压90～145mmHg，平均120mmHg；PTA后收缩压降为100～190mmHg，平均135mmHg，舒张压降为80～125mmHg，平均85mmHg。首次PTA后再狭窄率38％，再次PTA后狭窄率14％。32次PTA共使用普通球囊导管25个，微球囊导管7个。5个支架4个为自膨式支架，1个为球囊扩张式。术后随访3～60个月(平均23个月)。21例中最终治愈6例，改善8例，好转5例，无效2例。除1例肱动脉入路发生术后穿刺点血肿外无其他并发症。结论TRAS的PTA治疗安全有效，配合肱动脉入路和微球囊导管有助于提高手术成功率；合理选用支架能降低再狭窄率。     

端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的 探讨经皮血管成形术治疗端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄的疗效.方法 以经皮血管腔内成形术（PTA）和/或支架置入术对16例端-端吻合型TRAS患者行介入治疗,TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6.3个月（3～18个月）,记录经皮血管成形术（PTA）前后血压变化和肌酐水平并随访.结果 16例TRAS患者共行23次PTA（行1次PTA 10例,2次5例,3次1例）,PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为70％～95％,PTA后狭窄率小于30％.PTA前收缩压（179.6±15.2）mmHg,舒张压（115.4±11.3）mmHg;PTA后收缩压降为（155.6±13.5）mmHg,舒张压降为（95.6±6.7）mmHg.平均血肌酐从术前（426.8±38.5）μmol/L降为术后（142.5±15.2μmol/L,首次PTA后再狭窄率37.5％.术后随访3～24个月（平均12个月）.16例中最终治愈4例,改善9例,好转2例,无效1例.结论 经皮球囊成形术治疗端-端吻合型移植肾动脉狭窄安全有效,支架植入应谨慎选择.     

肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗

目的探讨肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗的价值。资料与方法 15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者均有高血压和肾功能不良。均采用股动脉插管造影,明确诊断后行球囊扩张(PTA)和/或置入支架。结果15例中,6例行PTA治疗,9例行支架置入,操作全部成功。6例PTA治疗者中2例术后1个月出现再狭窄,行支架置入;9例支架置入者1年内有1例出现再狭窄。15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者介入治疗后均有血压下降和肾功能改善。结论肾移植动脉狭窄分为受体动脉狭窄、供体肾动脉狭窄和吻合口狭窄。血管造影是诊断肾移植动脉狭窄的金指标。介入治疗应作为肾移植急性动脉狭窄的首选疗法。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗方法. 资料与方法采用经皮血管内成形术(PTA)和/或内支架治疗20例TRAS患者,对其技术成功率、再狭窄率以及狭窄类型对介入治疗的影响进行分析. 结果 (1)PTA和内支架治疗TRAS的技术成功率分别为71.4%、100%,再狭窄率分别为20%、22.2%.(2)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型狭窄介入治疗的技术成功率分别为92.9%、85.7%,0,再狭窄率分别为23.1%、16.7%. 结论 (1)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型狭窄为介入治疗的良好适应证.(2)PTA依然为TRAS的首选方法,内支架为其辅助手段.     

The Imaging Features and Interventionai Therapy in the Acute Strictureof Artery of Renal Transplantation

目的 探讨肾移植急性动脉狭窄的影像学表现及介入治疗的价值.资料与方法 15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者均有高血压和肾功能不良.均采用股动脉插管造影,明确诊断后行球囊扩张(PrA)和/或置入支架.结果 15例中,6例行PTA治疗,9例行支架置入,操作全部成功.6例PTA治疗者中2例术后1个月出现再狭窄,行支架置入;9例支架置入者1年内有1例出现再狭窄.15例肾移植动脉狭窄患者介入治疗后均有血压下降和肾功能改善.结论 肾移植动脉狭窄分为受体动脉狭窄、供体肾动脉狭窄和吻合口狭窄.血管造影是诊断肾移植动脉狭窄的金指标.介入治疗应作为肾移植急性动脉狭窄的首选疗法.     

肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的:评价介入治疗肾动脉狭窄性病变的疗效.材料和方法:对28例肾动脉狭窄性病变的肾动脉球囊成形术(PTA)与内支架植入术进行回顾性分析.肾动脉狭窄病因:动脉粥样硬化11例,多发性大动脉炎8例,肌纤维结构不良7例,肾移植后肾动脉狭窄2例.肾动脉狭窄分类:Ⅰ型8例,Ⅱ型12例,Ⅲ型8例.结果:26例成功进行了介入治疗,其中PTA治疗15例,内支架植入治疗9例,经PTA和内支架植入治疗2例.2例介入治疗失败,其中死亡1例.介入治疗后9例高血压治愈,17例高血压改善,7例肾功能改善.26例介入治疗成功者随访9～36个月,无发生再狭窄.结论:PTA及内支架治疗肾动脉狭窄具有微创、安全、有效的优点.病因、分型和介入治疗方法的选择是影响疗效的重要因素.     

血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法 2010年5月至2011年11月共收治20例发生中心静脉狭窄的血液透析患者,所有患者均具有中心静脉狭窄的临床症状、体征,并行MRA或CTA明确诊断,经静脉造影明确病变长度、范围和程度,行血管球囊扩张成形术(PTA)对病变部位进行治疗,成形术失败时,行血管支架植入术。术后随访患者的临床症状、MRA、超声等影像学检查。结果所有患者均成功行静脉造影,成功处理了20例患者共17条狭窄静脉,其中成功进行PTA 15例,支架植入成功2例,术后狭窄静脉血管通畅,侧支循环消失。首次PTA后再狭窄发生率为11.8%,再次行P1A。所有手术成功病例随访至今未出现再狭窄。结论血液透析患者中心静脉狭窄的介入治疗安全、有效,静脉通畅率良好。     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for transplant renal artery stenosis.

A recent report has challenged the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). From January 1983 to December 1990, 24 PTA procedures were performed for TRAS in 18 patients. The stenoses were anastomotic in two cases, in the main renal artery in 14, and segmental in eight. After PTA, the residual stenosis was less than 20% in 14 (58%), 20%-50% in four (17%), and greater than 50% in six (25%). The mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 106 mm Hg 1 day prior to PTA to 82 mm Hg 1 day after PTA. Long-term follow-up mean diastolic blood pressure (at 2-32 months) was 93 mm Hg (P less than .01). Eleven of the 18 patients (63%) had a 10% or greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure on long-term follow-up. Major complications occurred in two patients; one groin hematoma required surgical evacuation, and one polar infarct led to hypertension that was difficult to control. No surgical revisions of the transplant renal artery were necessary. The authors' data indicate that PTA should remain the treatment of choice for nonanastomotic TRAS.     

The Role of Multi-slice Spiral CT Angiography in Patient Management After Endovascular Therapy

Objectives To bring out the role of multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MS-CTA) in patient management after endovascular therapy of subclavian artery stenosis. Methods Twenty-one consecutive patients with clinically suspected restenosis after endovascular treatment of subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion were included in the study. Eleven patients had been treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone and 10 with PTA and stenting. The mean follow-up period after PTA or stenting was 57 (±27 SD) months. CTA was performed using a bolus-triggered high-resolution protocol with biphasic intravenous contrast medium injection. Axial images and curved planar reformations (CPRs) were rated by three readers with regard to patency of supra-aortic vessels. Imaging findings were correlated with a standardized clinical assessment. Results All examinations were of diagnostic quality. Of 21 referred patients, 7 had significant reobstruction of the treated subclavian artery. Six of the 7 patients with significant restenosis on CTA were treated conservatively (antiplatelet agents), despite 2 of them being symptomatic on the standardized clinical assessment, which showed a sensitivity and specificity of 86% in predicting stenosis. One patient was treated with PTA and stent deployment because of strong subjective suffering. Conclusion MS-CTA is useful for exclusion or quantification of clinically suspected restenosis in carefully selected patients after endovascular therapy where ultrasound is inconclusive and/or contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography is contraindicated.     

Kinks of the Transplant Renal Artery Without Accompanying Intraarterial Pressure Gradient Do Not Require Correction: Five-Year Outcome Study

Significant transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) results in an intraarterial pressure gradient and increasing graft dysfunction correctable by endovascular therapy. Kinks of the transplant artery cause velocity gradients on Doppler ultrasound, but some will have no intraarterial pressure gradient across the kink. It is not known whether these nonflow limiting kinks progress further to threaten graft function and should undergo endovascular correction. This is a longitudinal study of conservatively managed arterial kinks to define their natural history. Fourteen patients who had undergone angiography over a 5-year period for suspected TRAS had kinks of the renal artery. True intraarterial pressures were measured in all cases by slow withdrawal of an end-hole catheter after intraarterial injection of a vasodilator. Those with a significant pressure change (10% change in peak systolic pressure across the area of suspicion) underwent endovascular treatment. The rest were managed conservatively, with maximal antihypertensive therapy. Outcome of all 14 cases was determined by follow-up of creatinine levels, blood pressure (BP) control and graft outcome over a 3–5-year period (median 4 years). Of the 14 patients with kinks, 10 were male and 4 female; age range 23–67 years (mean 47 years). Eleven had received cadaveric transplants and 3 were allografts; 12 had end-to-side and 2 end-to-end anastomosis, 11/14 cases had an intraarterial pressure ratio of <10% and at median 4 years follow-up on conservative treatment, the serum creatinine of these 11 patients did not differ significantly from those who underwent successful endovascular treatment (mean 118 µmol/l versus 149 µmol/l; p = 0.30, Mann Whitney test). Mean blood pressure was 137/82 mmHg, with a range of 124–155/56–95 mmHg. Only one patient has required an unexplainable increase in antihypertensive medication. Grafts (2/11) were lost and both had chronic rejection on histology. There were no unexplained graft failures. Kinks of the renal transplant artery with normal intraarterial pressures do not appear to progress and threaten renal graft function. Satisfactory graft outcome was seen on 5-year follow-up with conservative therapy alone.     

Endovascular treatment of transplanted renal artery stenosis with PTA/stenting

Purpose

We evaluated the effectiveness of endovascular treatment with percutaneous transluminal balloon angioplasty (PTA)/stenting of transplanted renal artery stenosis (TRAS).

Materials and methods

Between January 2005 and December 2010, 17 patients (4 women, 13 men; mean age 60.9 years) with TRAS underwent PTA/stenting. The parameters analysed were: technical success, pre- and post-treatment serum creatinine (SCr) and blood pressure (BP), average number of antihypertensive drugs administered before and after treatment and vessel patency on colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and once a year thereafter.

Results

Technical success was 100%. During a mean follow-up of 28.3±18.7 months, there was a statistically significant reduction in SCr and BP values. In 18 % of cases, moderate (<60%) restenosis was observed on CDUS without renal failure and not requiring new treatment. There was a reduction in antihypertensive drugs from an average of 3.5±0.5 to 1.5±0.5.

Conclusions

Consistent with the literature data, our experience shows that endovascular treatment with PTA/stenting is a safe and effective option for managing TRAS and can thus be considered the method of choice.     

Renal arterial stenosis in renal allografts: retrospective study of predisposing factors and outcome after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

PURPOSE: To determine the predisposing factors to transplant renal arterial stenosis (TRAS) and assess the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) as the primary treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 831 renal allograft recipients (584 cadaveric, 247 living related) between January 1991 and December 1998, 72 had hypertension and/or renal dysfunction. All 72 underwent arteriography, and their medical charts were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: Prevalence of TRAS was 3.1% (26 of 831). Technical success rate of PTA was 94% (16 of 17), and clinical success rate was 82% (14 of 17). Those with renal dysfunction had a mean pre-PTA creatinine value of 2.6 mg/dL (230 micromol/L) +/- 0.5 (SD) versus a 1-week post-PTA value of 1.7 mg/dL (150 micromol/L) +/- 0.3 (P <.001). Of those with hypertension, all but one had substantial improvement in mean diastolic blood pressure. At 26.9 months mean follow-up in 16 patients with successful PTA, two stenoses reoccurred, and two grafts were lost to chronic rejection. TRAS was present in 14 of 45 end-to-side anastomoses and 12 of 27 end-to-end anastomoses (P =.31), and TRAS was more prevalent in cadaveric grafts (24 of 584) than in living related grafts (two of 247). In cadaveric grafts, the mean cold ischemia time was 29.0 hours +/- 6.9 in those with TRAS (n = 24), as compared with 25.5 hours +/- 8.1 in those with no TRAS (n = 39; P = .35). Seven of 17 patients with acute rejection and six of 35 with chronic rejection had TRAS. CONCLUSION: Primary treatment of TRAS with PTA has good intermediate-term results. TRAS is more prevalent in cadaveric allografts with long cold ischemia time.     

不同类型支架治疗椎动脉开口狭窄的对照研究

【摘要】　目的?比较不同类型支架治疗椎动脉开口狭窄的有效性和安全性。方法?2018年1月至2018年12月73例椎动脉开口狭窄患者共86条病变血管接受支架成形术治疗,分别应用肾动脉支架23枚,Apollo支架26枚,冠状动脉裸支架19枚,药物洗脱支架（DES）18枚。回顾性分析患者临床资料,对比不同类型支架植入术疗效和支架内再狭窄发生率。结果?不同类型椎动脉开口支架成形术均获成功。术前影像显示椎动脉开口平均狭窄率为90.9%,术后即刻影像显示平均残余狭窄率为10.3%。围术期手术相关并发症发生率为1.2%（1/86）。术后平均随访（6.2±3.1）个月,患者临床症状得到改善。肾动脉枚架失访1枚,再发狭窄4枚（17%）;Apollo枚架失访2枚,再发狭窄8枚（31%）,1例患者术后第2日并发大面积后循环脑梗死;冠状动脉裸枚架无失访,再狭窄7枚（37%）,1例患者6个月时枚架断裂;DES组失访1枚,再狭窄2枚（11%）,与其他组再发狭窄差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论?不同类型枚架治疗椎动脉狭窄安全有效。DES在降低枚架内再狭窄发生方面最优,肾动脉枚架次之,Apollo枚架和冠状动脉裸枚架再狭窄率较高。     

Midterm results of renal artery stenting

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) has become the treatment of choice for major renal artery stenosis. Nonetheless, about 10% of renal artery stenoses cannot be properly dilated, and among the patients successfully dilated, 10%–15% had a recurrence. Renal artery stenting was used in 21 patients in cases of insufficient results after PTA: persisting significant stenosis after a primary or several PTAs (15 cases), recurrences (9 cases). Follow-up in all patients was from 12 months to 4 years. Implantation was performed without any problems but the low radioopacity of the stent makes placement difficult in obese patients, particularly for ostial lesions. There was no major complication except occlusion of a segmental branch of the renal artery in 1 case. Radiological controls have shown a preserved patency in all cases except 2, which present restenosis inside the stent by intimal hyperplasia. A significant clinical improvement was obtained in 90% of cases. These results suggest that the endovascular prosthesis represents an important adjunct to renal PTA.     

颅内外缺血性多血管病变的介入治疗选择

目的：通过选择性介入治疗颅内外缺血性多血管狭窄性病变,评价多血管病变介入治疗的安全性。方法：对150例颅内外缺血性多血管病变介入治疗的相关资料进行系统性回顾。结果：1150例多血管病变者,双侧颈内动脉同时狭窄〉70%者47例;单侧颈内动脉狭窄并单（或双）椎动脉狭窄〉70%者61例;双侧椎动脉狭窄〉70%者23例;单侧血管颅内外串联病变均需处理者19例。2共成功植入支架218枚,围手术期并发症5例（3.33%）,126例患者术后6-12个月随访无短暂性脑缺血发作及新发脑梗死。结论：通过对颅内外缺血性多血管狭窄性病变的介入治疗选择,可减少围手术期及远期并发症。     

PTA of the subclavian and innominate artery: short- and long-term results

Twelve patients with brachial ischemia and/or subclavian steal syndrome underwent PTA of the subclavian, innominate and axillary artery. One technical failure occurred in a patient with a high grade stenosis of the subclavian artery. All other patients were successfully dilated. On long-term follow-up (mean: 12 months) only one patient had a recurrent stenosis which was successfully recanalized by PTA. This patient is asymptomatic since 12 months. The only severe complication was a transient amaurosis which occurred during catheterization. Balloon angioplasty was, therefore, not performed. In summary, PTA is an effective therapy for patients with brachial ischemia and/or subclavian steal syndrome. The long- and short-term results compare favorably with results obtained by surgery.