胸部开放伤后海水浸泡对犬肺损伤程度的影响及肺表面活性蛋白A、B的变化

Objective To compare the extent of acute lung injury (ALl) and changes in surfactant proteins A (SP-A) and B (SP-B) induced by seawater and freshwater immersion following open chest injury in dogs. Methods The animal model was established by seawater and freshwater injection into the thoracic cavity after open chest injury. All the experimental animals were observed for 6 hours, during which blood gas analysis, levels of TNF-α and IL-8, contents of SP-A and SP-B in the lung and blood serum were measured at different time points. Pulmonary histopathology and SP-B immuno-histochemistry were measured after the animals were sacrificed at the end of the experiment. Results Both seawater immersion and freshwater immersion could induce hypoxemia, with the extent of hypoxemia for the seawater immersion group (SG) being obviously much severer than that of the freshwater immersion group (FG) (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-8 and TNF-α in blood serum and BALF of both experimental groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (CG) (P<0.05). Pulmonary pathological lesion was noted in both SG and FG, with that of SG being severer than that of FG. The levels of SP-A and SP-B in BALF in SG and FG all decreased significantly(P <0.05) ,while the levels of SP-A and SP-B in blood serum increased gradually (P < 0.05). Type Ⅱ alveolarepithelial cells with SP-B positive in the lung decreased in both experimental groups, with grey scale values being significantly lower than that of CG. And significant deviation was observed between SG and FG (P <0.05). Conclusions Pulmonary lesion induced by seawater immersion after open chest injury was severer than that induced by freshwater immersion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

海水和淡水肺内灌注对兔肺损伤作用的实验观察

Objective To investigate differences in lung injury induced by seawater and freshwater perfusion in rabbits. Methods 21 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into the normal group (the control group), the freshwater group and the seawater group. Same amounts of seawater and freshwater were perfused in the lungs of rabbits through tracheal incubation. Changes in the indices concerning symptomatology, blood-gas, hemodynamics, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), histology and lung injury were monitored 3 hours later. Then, the obtained data were analyzed statistically to see the differences in lung lesions of different animal groups. Results Blood-gas analysis, inflammatory factor measurement, lung injury score indicated that seawater and freshwater perfusion could all induce lung injury to a certain extent, and the injury induced by seawater perfusion was obviously severer(P<0.05). Conclusions Lung injury induced by seawater perfusion is severer than that by freshwater perfusion.     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测与风险评估

为持续性确保三亚雪古丽牛羊口蹄疫无疫及处于布鲁氏菌净化状态,雪古丽对自有及引进羊群进行了口蹄疫免疫抗体检测及病原学检测,同时对羊群进行了布鲁氏菌病抗体检测.口蹄疫免疫抗体检测应用液相阻断ELISA方法;口蹄疫病原学检测采用多重RT-PCR;布鲁氏菌病用虎红平板方法检测.检测结果:未检测到布鲁氏菌抗体阳性动物,牛羊中目前不存在口蹄疫病畜或健康带毒畜,牛羊口蹄疫免疫抗体未达到国家规定水平的应及时补免.2018年三亚雪古丽牛羊布鲁氏菌病及口蹄疫监测结果表明,雪古丽的羊场目前不存在布鲁氏菌感染情况;牛羊中仅牛O型口蹄疫群体免疫水平达到国家重大动物疫病规定标准,免疫抗体不合格动物应及时给予补免,病原学检测结果表明目前雪古丽的牛羊及引进羊未被口蹄疫病毒感染.     

糖尿病鼠血清及睾丸中一氧化氮含量和一氧化氮合酶活性的变化

目的研究1型糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸中一氧化氮(NO)含量和一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活性的动态变化。方法63只Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为对照组(C)和糖尿病组(D)，采用四氧嘧啶腹腔注射复制糖尿病动物模型。糖尿病组分别于观察1、2、3、4、5、6、7和8周后断头处死动物，取血收集血清，取睾丸制备组织匀浆，分别测定NO含量和NOS活性。结果与对照组比较，糖尿病组血清NO含量升高，NOS活性先升后降；睾丸组织在诱模后NO含量下降，而NOS活性变化不明显，随后两者均呈升高趋势。结论糖尿病大鼠血清和睾丸NO含量和NOS和活性均有改变。     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, hydrolysed Tc and pertechnetate in solutions from a comercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rat receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

The stability and distribution of Tc-HIDA in vivo and in vitro

Tc-HIDA is a promising new agent for imaging the biliary system. In this study radiochromatography on paper or Sephadex G25 gel has been used to measure the proportions of TcHIDA, 'hydrolysed Tc' and pertechnetate in solutions from a commercial kit (CIS TCK 15) and in body fluids from patients and rats receiving this radiopharmaceutical. The tissue distribution in male and female rats has shown the radiopharmaceutical to be rapidly removed from the blood by the liver and then excreted via the intestines. There appears to be a sex difference in the uptake in the kidneys and in the urinary excretion in both rats and patients.     

Thyroid stunning in vivo and in vitro

AIM: To review published in-vivo and in-vitro quantitative dosimetric studies on thyroid stunning in order to derive novel data applicable in clinical practice. METHODS: A non-linear regression analysis was applied to describe the extent of thyroid stunning in thyroid remnants, as a function of the radiation absorbed dose of diagnostic radioiodine-131 (I), in thyroid cancer patients investigated in four in-vivo studies. The regression curves were fitted using individual patient absorbed doses or the mean absorbed doses for the groups of patients. Fitted curves were compared with two recent models, the first found in patients with benign thyroid disease and the second found in cultured thyroid cells after I irradiation. RESULTS: The extrapolated absorbed doses for the onset of thyroid stunning were 0 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and < or =4 Gy and 34 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). Thyroid stunning amounted to roughly 50% in the case of 2 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vitro, and in the case of < or =30 Gy and 472 Gy delivered to thyroid cells in vivo (malignant and benign conditions, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There is no scintigraphically sufficient diagnostic amount of I that can be given prior to I therapy for thyroid cancer that does not cause thyroid stunning, i.e. it is not recommended to deliver pre-therapeutically more than a few gray (<5 Gy) into thyroid remnants. More investigations are required to confirm the proposed in-vitro and benign in-vivo models, but characteristic absorbed doses presented so far for in-vitro vs. in-vivo malignant vs. in-vivo benign thyroid environments differ roughly by an order of magnitude.     

Icariin protects against radiation-induced mortality and damage in vitro and in vivo

Abstract

Purpose: The present study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of icariin both in vivo and in vitro, an active flavonoid glucoside derived from medicinal herb Epimedium, and its possible mechanisms against radiation-induced injury.

Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were exposed to lethal dose (7?Gy) or sub-lethal dose (4?Gy) of whole body radiation by X-ray at a dose rate of ～0.55?Gy/min, and icariin was given three times at 24?h and 30?min before and 24?h after the irradiation. After irradiation, hematological, biochemical, and histological evaluations were performed. We further determined the effect of icariin on radiation-induced cytotoxicity and changes in apoptosis-related protein expression.

Results: Icariin enhanced the 30-day survival rates (20 and 40?mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner, and protected the radiosensitive organs such as intestine and testis from the radiation damages. Moreover, hematopoietic damage by radiation was significantly decreased in icariin-treated mice as demonstrated by the increases in number of peripheral blood cells, bone marrow cells (1.7-fold), and spleen colony forming units (1.7-fold). In addition, icariin decreased the radiation-induced oxidative stress by modulating endogenous antioxidant levels. Subsequent in vitro studies showed that icariin effectively increased cell viability (1.4-fold) and suppressed the expression of apoptosis-related proteins after irradiation.

Conclusion: These results suggest that icariin has significant protective effects against radiation-induced damages partly through its anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic properties.     

Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation in midportion and insertional tendinopathy in athletes

BACKGROUND: Neovascularisation can be detected qualitatively by Power Doppler in Achilles tendinopathy. Quantitative data regarding tendon microcirculation have not been established and may be substantial. PURPOSE: To assess the microcirculation of the Achilles tendon and the paratendon in healthy volunteers as well as in athletes with either midportion or insertional tendinopathy. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS: In 66 physically active volunteers, parameters of Achilles tendon and paratendon microcirculation, such as tissue oxygen saturation, relative postcapillary venous filling pressures, and microcirculatory blood flow, were determined at rest at 2-mm and 8-mm tissue depths. Forty-one patients never had Achilles pain (25 men, 27 +/- 8 years), 14 patients had insertional pain (7 men, 29 +/- 8 years), and 11 patients had midportion tendinopathy (7 men, 38 +/- 13 years, not significant). RESULTS: Achilles tendon diameter 2 cm and 6 cm proximal to the insertion was increased in symptomatic tendons. Compared with the uninvolved opposite tendon, deep microcirculatory blood flow was significantly elevated at insertional (160 +/- 79 vs 132 +/- 42, P < .05) as well as in midportion tendinopathy (150 +/- 74 vs 119 +/- 34, P < .05). The microcirculation in the uninvolved opposite tendon and the normal athlete controls were not significantly different from each other (132 +/- 42 insertional asymptomatic vs 119 +/- 34 mid-portion vs 120 +/- 48 healthy tendon). Insertional paratendon deep microcirculatory flow was elevated in all groups, whereas tissue oxygen saturation and relative postcapillary venous filling pressures were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: Microcirculatory blood flow is significantly elevated at the point of pain in insertional and midportion tendinopathy. Postcapillary venous filling pressures are increased at both the midportion Achilles tendon and the midportion paratendon, whereas tissue oxygen saturation is not different among the studied groups. We found no evidence of an abnormal microcirculation of the asymptomatic limb in Achilles tendinopathy.     

西宁地区新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病与肾功能损害探讨

目的：探讨高海拔地区新生儿HIE与肾功能损害的关系。方法：对116例HIE足月儿和88例足月儿正常新生儿做血尿素氮（Bun）及肌酐（Cr）检测,并进行分析观察。结果：116例HIE患儿血BuN〉7．14mmol／L96例,血肌酐〉88．4mmol／L91例。HIE组血Bun、Cr显著高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）,中度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于轻度HIE组（P〈0．05）,重度HIE组Bun、Cr显著高于中度HIE（P〈0.05）。结论：新生儿窒息缺氧会导致脑损伤和肾功能损害,血Bun、Cr可做为判断肾功能受损指标,而且窒息程度越重,肾功能损害越严重。