美洛昔康口腔崩解片人体药动学及生物等效性评价

目的评价美洛昔康口腔崩解片的生物等效性。方法22名健康男性志愿者,随机交叉单剂量口服美洛昔康口腔崩解片或美洛昔康片7.5mg后,采用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度。结果美洛昔康口腔崩解片与美洛昔康片的Cmax分别为(1501.14±323.76)、(1563.74±417.94)ng/ml,tmax分别为(4.77±2.20)、(4.96±2.24)h,t1/2分别为(24.28±6.59)、(24.76±7.35)h,AUC0~t分别为(49179.57±12214.63)、(51414.97±14419.56)(ng.h)/ml;美洛昔康口腔崩解片的相对生物利用度为(98.09±18.03)%。结论美洛昔康口腔崩解片与美洛昔康片的主要药动学参数均无显著性差异,二者具有生物等效性。     

盐酸左西替利嗪口服液的人体相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究盐酸左西替利嗪口服液在正常人体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度。方法:选择18名男性健康志愿者,采用反相高效液相色谱法,检测波长229nm,测定口服单剂量5mg盐酸左西替利嗪片或口服液后人体内的血药浓度,计算相应的药动学参数。结果:盐酸左西替利嗪片与口服液的Cmax分别为(230.42±35.67)ng/mL、(250.46±41.07)ng/mL,Tmax分别为(1.32±0.44)h和(0.90±0.33)h,AUC(0～T)分别为(3504.67±510.37)ng.h.mL-1和(3306.47±672.32)ng.h.mL-1,相对生物利用度为100.06%±13.99%。结论:盐酸左西替利嗪片与口服液具有生物等效性。     

阿昔洛韦片体内生物利用度研究

研究两种阿昔洛韦片药物动力学及生物等效性。采用反相高效液相色谱法 ( C18柱 ,流动相为 0 .1%醋酸溶液 ,流速 1.4 ml/min,测定波长 2 54nm)测定 10名志愿受试者单剂量口服 60 0 mg阿昔洛韦片后 ,阿昔洛韦血药浓度变化情况。结果表明供试品和参比制剂为生物等效制剂。药时曲线下面积分别是 :5.30± 1.19(μg· h) /ml与 5.4 1± 1.34 ( μg· h) /ml,达峰时间分别为 :1.84± 0 .55h与 1.97± 0 .39h,峰浓度分别是 :1.0 9± 0 .18μg/ml与 1.0 6± 0 .2 2 μg/ml。     

氢溴酸加兰他敏口服液与胶囊剂的生物等效性研究

目的:研究氢溴酸加兰他敏口服液和胶囊剂的生物等效性。方法:24名健康志愿者随机分为两组,交叉口服氢溴酸加兰他敏口服液(受试制剂)8 mg或胶囊7.8 mg(参比制剂),采用LC/MS/MS法测定了给药后不同时间血浆中加兰他敏浓度,并将药动学数据作统计学处理。结果:受试制剂和参比制剂的Tm ax分别为(0.63±0.20)和(0.76±0.28)h,Cm ax分别为(61.04±11.22)和(55.39±13.18)μg.L-1,t1/2分别为(7.3±2.0)和(7.1±2.0)h,AUC0~t分别为(475.1±140.3)和(434.8±106.2)μg.h.L-1,AUC0~∞分别为(502.7±158.4)和(458.7±109.5)μg.h.L-1。以AUC0~t计算,受试制剂的相对生物利用度平均为(106.4±14.6)%。结论:统计学结果表明2种制剂在人体内具有生物等效性。     

国产美洛昔康片剂人体生物等效性研究

目的 :对国产美洛昔康片剂进行人体生物等效性研究。方法 :20名健康受试者随机交叉给药 ,分别口服单剂量美洛昔康国产片剂和进口片剂15mg,采用高效液相紫外检测法测定血浆中美洛昔康的浓度。结果 :经3p97生物等效性程序计算处理 ,美洛昔康国产片剂和进口标准参比制剂的AUC0～t 分别为 (96454 6±25526 6) μg/(h·L)和 (95692 5±24532 6) μg(h·L) ,Tmax 分别为 (4 25±1 16)h和 (4 00±1 30)h ,Cmax 分别为 (2736 2±312 0) μg/L和 (2665 6±333 8) μg/L ,T1/2ke 分别为 (21 67±3 81)h和 (21 05±3 30)h ,经配对t检验 ,两者的AUC0～t、Tmax 、Cmax 、T1/2ke 等主要药代动力学参数无显著性差异 (P>0 05)。结论 :国产美洛昔康片剂与进口参比制剂具有生物等效性。国产美洛昔康片剂的平均相对生物利用度为 (101 3±11 9) %     

盐酸二甲双胍片人体生物等效性研究

目的 :研究盐酸二甲双胍片的人体生物等效性。方法 :20名健康男性志愿者单剂量随机、交叉口服盐酸二甲双胍参比制剂或受试制剂1000mg ,采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中药物浓度。结果 :受试制剂和参比制剂的Cmax 分别为 (2 59±0 62)、(2 60±0 62) μg/ml,Tmax 分别为 (2 0±0 5)、(1 9±0 5)h ,T1/2 分别为 (3 01±0 54)、(2 90±0 50)h ,AUC0～12 分别为(13 21±3 28)、(12 99±2 98) (μg·h)/ml,AUC0～∞分别为 (14 29±3 44)、(13 91±3 23) (μg·h)/ml。受试制剂的相对生物利用度为 (101 6±7 9) %。结论 :受试制剂与参比制剂具有生物等效性。     

依西美坦胶囊的人体生物等效性研究

目的 :研究依西美坦胶囊与依西美坦片的生物等效性。方法 :男性健康志愿者18名 ,采用自身交叉方式单剂量口服受试制剂依西美坦胶囊与参比制剂依西美坦片50mg ,以高效液相色谱法测定其血药浓度 ,计算其药动学参数及其相对生物利用度 ,评价其生物等效性。结果 :依西美坦胶囊和依西美坦片主要药动学参数T1/2(β) 分别为 (24 34±3 59)h和 (24 00±3 90)h ,Tmax 分别为(1 67±0 34)h和 (1 64±0 29)h ,Cmax 分别为 (26 34±13 82)ng/ml和 (25 19±11 94)ng/ml ,AUC0～t分别为 (323 00±97 50)ng/ (ml·h)和 (273 92±90 44)ng/ (ml·h) ,AUC0～∞分别为 (340 94±124 20)ng/ (ml·h)和 (288 64±113 60)ng/(ml·h)。两制剂的药动学参数无统计学差异。依西美坦胶囊的相对生物利用度为 (105 75±9 40) %。结论 :依西美坦胶囊与依西美坦片具有生物等效性     

乳酸司氟沙星片人体生物等效性研究

目的 :研究乳酸司氟沙星片在健康人体内的药代动力学与相对生物利用度 ,以评价其生物等效性。方法 :采用高效液相色谱法测定10名健康志愿者随机交叉口服单剂量 (400mg)乳酸司氟沙星片与参比制剂 (司帕沙星片 )后血浆中司帕沙星的药 -时数据 ,经3p97药代动力学程序拟合 ,计算其药代动力学参数并评价其生物等效性。结果 :乳酸司氟沙星片与司帕沙星片的主要药代动力学参数分别为 :T1/2β= (22 05±1 70)h、(22 23±1 77)h ;Cmax = (1 80±0 16) μg/ml、(1 74±0 16) μg/ml ;Tmax = (4 11±0 68)h、(3 96±0 80)h ;AUC0～t= (49 12±4 53)h/ (μg·ml)、(45 82±5 32)h/ (μg/ml)。乳酸司氟沙星片的相对生物利用度为(107 57±8 47) %。结论 :乳酸司氟沙星片与参比制剂司帕沙星片为生物等效制剂     

国产环孢素胶丸的相对生物利用度研究

目的 :比较国产与进口环孢素胶丸的相对生物利用度及药代动力学参数。方法 :12名健康男性志愿者单剂量随机交叉口服300mg 国产与进口环孢素胶丸后 ,用荧光偏振免疫分析仪测定血药浓度 ,对AUC、Cmax 和Tmax 进行等效性检验。结果 :国产与进口环孢素胶丸的AUC分别为 (10 47±1 74) μg/(ml·h)、(10 71±1 45) μg/(ml·h) ;Tmax 分别为 (1 46±0 26)h、(1 38±0 31)h ;Cmax 分别为 (1 91±0 31) μg/ml、(1 88±0 22) μg/ml ;相对生物利用度为 (97 59±9 71) %。结论 :国产与进口的环孢素胶丸剂具有生物等效性。     

奥沙普秦分散片的人体相对生物利用度

目的 :研究奥沙普秦分散片在健康人体的相对生物利用度 ,为临床更合理用药提供理论依据。方法 :采用 HPL C法测定了 18名健康志愿者口服奥沙普秦分散片和普通片各 40 0 m g后不同时间的血药浓度 ,并进行生物等效性评价。结果 :奥沙普秦分散片剂和普通片的 cmax分别为 ( 70 .5 8± 7.6 0 ) ︼g/ml和 ( 6 5 .89± 8.2 2 ) ︼g/ml;tmax分别为 ( 3.2 2± 0 .43) h和 ( 3.44± 0 .5 1)h;T1 / 2 分别为 33.18h和 2 9.41h;AUC(0 - 96h) 为 ( 2 741.6± 393.6 )︼g/ml· h和 ( 2 5 6 1.8± 375 .7)︼g/ml· h。奥沙普秦分散片剂的人体相对生物利用度为 ( 10 4.0 2± 4.0 5 ) %。结论 :奥沙普秦分散片剂与普通片具有生物等效性。     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.