左卡尼汀胃漂浮缓释片的制备及体外评价

目的:应用Box-behnken效应面法优化左卡尼汀胃漂浮缓释片处方,并评价其体外漂浮和释放特性.方法:以粉末直接压片法制备片剂.采用单因素法筛选出主要影响因素,即硬度、HPMC用量及碳酸氢钠用量,以漂浮性能和不同时间点释药性能为评价指标,通过Boxbehnken设计实验优化处方,对体外释药数据进行方程拟合,并结合扫描电子显微镜对溶出前后片剂表面形态的观察,探讨其释药机理.结果:优选处方为每片含HPMCK100M 29.7％,碳酸氢钠5.0％,十八烷醇15.0％,硬度为4 kg· mm-2.体外释药符合Makoid-Banakar模型,药物的释药机制为骨架溶蚀与药物扩散双重作用.结论:Box-behnken效应面法可用于左卡尼汀胃漂浮缓释片处方优化,且制备工艺简单,优化处方具漂浮缓释作用.     

应用Box-Behnken效应面法优化替硝唑胃漂浮片处方

目的:应用Box-Behnken效应面法优化替硝唑胃漂浮片处方。方法:采用Box-Behnken设计试验,考察羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)、卡波姆及海藻酸钠三者在处方中的用量对缓释片的漂浮性能和释药性能的影响,通过二项式方程拟合因素与响应值之间的数学关系以优化处方,对体外释药数据进行方程拟合,探讨其释药机制。结果:优化处方为HPMC30%、卡波姆14%、海藻酸钠18%,优化处方的实测值与预测值之间比较接近;药物的释放模型符合Higuchi方程(r=0.9879),释药机制为骨架溶蚀与药物扩散双重作用。结论:通过Box-Behnken效应面法建立的模型可用于替硝唑胃漂浮片处方的优化。     

中心复合设计法优化盐酸左氧氟沙星缓释片处方

目的:采用中心复合设计法预测盐酸左氧氟沙星缓释片的最优处方。方法:选用羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素为骨架材料制备盐酸左氧氟沙星缓释片。采用中心复合设计法,选择体外累积释放百分率为考察指标,对羟丙基甲基纤维素和乙基纤维素用量2个考察因素自变量进行多元线性回归和二项式拟合,对缓释片的最优处方进行预测,并分析缓释片的释药机制。结果:经预测分析,获得最优处方。通过相似因子法比较显示,由此优化处方所制缓释片释放度实测值与预测值基本相符。缓释片体外释药符合一级动力学特征,释药机制为非Fick-ian扩散。结论:中心复合设计法预测性良好,可用于优化处方。     

辛伐他汀胃漂浮型缓释片的制备及体外释放研究

目的筛选辛伐他汀胃漂浮型缓释片最优处方,并考察其漂浮性能及体外释药情况。方法采用正交法筛选出辛伐他汀胃漂浮型缓释片最优处方,采用湿法制粒压片制备胃漂浮型缓释片,对制备的胃漂浮型缓释片进行漂浮性与体外释放度测定。结果辛伐他汀胃漂浮型缓释片起漂时间小于1min,持续漂浮时间大于14h,在2,8和14h药物累积释放度分别达到8.66%,56.44%和95.17%,体外释药符合Higuchi方程。结论制备的辛伐他汀胃漂浮型缓释片漂浮性能良好,达到缓释药物的目的。     

盐酸西曲酸酯胃漂浮片的研制

目的：根据流体动力学平衡控释系统（HBS）原理研制盐酸西曲酸酯胃漂浮片，并评价其体外释药特性。方法：用正交试验设计对片剂的处方进行筛选与优化，制备盐酸西曲酸酯胃漂浮片，测定其体外释药特性。结果：以优选的处方所制备的片剂，体外释药性能良好，符合一级动力学方程和Higuchi方程，持续释药达6h以上。结论：该片剂具有明显的漂浮和缓释作用，制备工艺简便易行。     

盐酸文拉法辛缓释片的初步研究

目的：制备盐酸文拉法辛缓释片并考察其体外释放特性。方法：利用正交设计优化处方，建立释放度测定方法，根据不同时间累积释放度考察药物的释放情况，并采用不同方程拟合释放曲线。结果：用55％ HPMC K100M制得缓释片，其释放曲线可用一级方程动力学拟合。结论：用55％ HPMC K100M制备的盐酸文拉法辛缓释片具有良好的释药效果。     

可分剂量甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊片的制备及体外释放机制的研究

目的 对可分剂量甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊片(EDDTEM)的处方进行研究,并研究其体外释放机制。方法 以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖为囊材,采用复凝聚法制备甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊(EEM)并压制成片,采用正交设计实验优化处方。结果 EEM的最优处方为：海藻酸钠与药物比例为6∶1,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖比例为4∶1,海藻酸钠浓度为2.5%。所制缓释片释药行为符合Higuchi方程,释药机理为扩散和溶蚀并存。结论 EDDTEM具有良好的体外缓释效果,可进一步进行体内释药行为考察。     

左金丸总生物碱缓释片的制备及体外释放度研究

目的：制备左金丸总生物碱缓释片并考察其体外释放行为。方法：以左金丸总生物碱为主药,以羟丙基甲基纤维素为凝胶骨架材料制备缓释片,并对处方中辅料用量进行正交优化。通过药物释放动力学模型拟合左金丸总生物碱缓释片中盐酸小檗碱和吴茱萸碱的释放过程,并推测其释药机制。结果：每片缓释片中羟丙基甲基纤维素、微晶纤维素和乳糖的最佳用量分别为100、50和15mg。盐酸小檗碱的释放接近Higuchi方程,吴茱萸碱的释放接近Peppas方程,2种成分的释放机制均为药物扩散和骨架溶蚀共同作用。结论：左金丸总生物碱缓释片缓释效果明显,符合设计要求,制备工艺简单可行。     

可分剂量甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊片的制备及体外释放机制的研究

目的对可分剂量甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊片(EDDTEM)的处方进行研究,并研究其体外释放机制。方法以海藻酸钠-壳聚糖为囊材,采用复凝聚法制备甲磺酸二氢麦角碱缓释微囊(EEM)并压制成片,采用正交设计实验优化处方。结果EEM的最优处方为:海藻酸钠与药物比例为6∶1,海藻酸钠-壳聚糖比例为4∶1,海藻酸钠浓度为2.5%。所制缓释片释药行为符合Higuchi方程,释药机理为扩散和溶蚀并存。结论EDDTEM具有良好的体外缓释效果,可进一步进行体内释药行为考察。     

替比培南酯缓释片的制备及体外释放特性考察

目的制备替比培南酯缓释片并对其体外释药特性进行研究。方法选用羟丙甲纤维素K4M、羟丙甲纤维素K15M为缓释骨架材料制备替比培南酯缓释片。采用正交设计法,以药物体外累积释放百分率为考察指标优化处方。结果制备的缓释片具有明显的缓释特征,体外释放符合一级释药动力学方程,释药机制为非Fick扩散。结论制备的替比培南酯缓释片具有较理想的体外缓释效果。     

Gastric floating matrix tablets: design and optimization using combination of polymers

The purpose of the present study was to develop an optimized gastric floating drug delivery system (GFDDS) containing domperidone as a model drug. Box-Behnken design was employed in formulating the GFDDS with three polymers: hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M (HPMC K4M) (X1), Carbopol 934P (X2) and sodium alginate (X3), as independent variables. Floating lag time (FLT), total floating time (TFT), time required to release 50% of the drug (t50) and diffusion exponent (n) were selected as dependent variables. Seventeen formulations were prepared, dissolution data obtained was fitted to the power law and floating profiles were analyzed. HPMC loading was found to be significant for floating properties. Carbopol loading had a negative effect on floating properties but was found helpful in controlling the release rate of the drug. No significant effect of sodium alginate on floating properties was observed but it was important for gel formation. The quadratic mathematical model developed could be used to predict formulations with desired release and floating properties.     

Studies on Formulation and In Vitro Evaluation of Floating Matrix Tablets of Domperidone

Floating matrix tablets of domperidone were developed to prolong gastric residence time and thereby increased drug bioavailability. Domperidone was chosen as a model drug because it is poorly absorbed from the lower gastrointestinal tract. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation technique, using polymers such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M, carbopol 934P, and sodium alginate, either alone or in combination, and other standard excipients. Tablets were evaluated for physical characteristics viz. hardness, % friability, floating capacity, weight variation and content uniformity. Further, tablets were evaluated for in vitro release characteristics for 24 h. In vitro release mechanism was evaluated by linear regression analysis. Floating matrix tablets based on combination of three polymers namely; hydroxypropylmethylcellulose K4M, carbopol 934P and sodium alginate exhibited desired floating and prolonged drug release for 24 h. Carbopol loading showed negative effect on floating properties but were found helpful to control the release rate of drug.     

The physicodynamic properties of mucoadhesive polymeric films developed as female controlled drug delivery system

Phenoporlamine hydrochloride is a novel compound that is used for the treatment of hypertension. The purpose of this study was to develop a sustained release tablet for phenoporlamine hydrochloride because of its short biological half-life. Three floating matrix formulations of phenoporlamine hydrochloride based on gas forming agent were prepared. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose K4M and Carbopol 971P NF were used in formulating the hydrogel drug delivery system. Incorporation sodium bicarbonate into matrix resulted in the tablet floating over simulated gastric fluid for more than 6 h. The dissolution profiles of all tablets showed non-Fickian diffusion in simulated gastric fluid. Moreover, release of the drug from these tablets was pH-dependent. In vivo evaluations of these formulations of phenoporlamine hydrochloride were conducted in six healthy male human volunteers to compare the sustained release tablets with immediate release tablets. Data obtained in these studies demonstrated that the floating matrix tablet containing more Carbopol was capable of sustained delivery of the drug for longer periods with increased bioavailability and the relative bioavailability of formulation (containing 25% Carbopol 971P NF, 8.3% HPMC K4M) showed the best bioequivalency to the reference tablet (the relative bioavailability was 1.11 ± 0.19).     

Effect of HPMC and Carbopol on the release and floating properties of Gastric Floating Drug Delivery System using factorial design

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of formulation variables on drug release and floating properties of the delivery system. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) of different viscosity grades and Carbopol 934P (CP934) were used in formulating the Gastric Floating Drug Delivery System (GFDDS) employing 2 x 3 full factorial design. Main effects and interaction terms of the formulation variables could be evaluated quantitatively by a mathematical model. It was found that both HPMC viscosity, the presence of Carbopol and their interaction had significant impact on the release and floating properties of the delivery system. The decrease in the release rate was observed with an increase in the viscosity of the polymeric system. Polymer with lower viscosity (HPMC K100LV) was shown to be beneficial than higher viscosity polymer (K4M) in improving the floating properties of GFDDS. Incorporation of Carbopol, however, was found to compromise the floating capacity of GFDDS and release rate of calcium. The observed difference in the drug release and the floating properties of GFDDS could be attributed to the difference in the basic properties of three polymers (HPMC K4M, K100LV and CP934) due to their water uptake potential and functional group substitution.     

Design and evaluation of bilayer floating tablets of captopril

The objective of the present investigation was to develop a bilayer-floating tablet (BFT) for captopril using direct compression technology. HPMC, K-grade and effervescent mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate formed the floating layer. The release layer contained captopril and various polymers such as HPMC-K15M, PVP-K30 and Carbopol 934p, alone or in combination with the drug. The floating behavior and in vitro dissolution studies were carried out in a USP 23 apparatus 2 in simulated gastric fluid (without enzyme, pH 1.2). Final formulation released approximately 95% drug in 24 h in vitro, while the floating lag time was 10 min and the tablet remained floatable throughout all studies. Final formulation followed the Higuchi release model and showed no significant change in physical appearance, drug content, floatability or in vitro dissolution pattern after storage at 45 degrees C/75% RH for three months. Placebo formulation containing barium sulphate in the release layer administered to human volunteers for in vivo X-ray studies showed that BFT had significantly increased the gastric residence time.     

乙酰螺旋霉素口腔贴片的研制及体外释药的考察

目的:研制乙酰螺旋霉素口腔贴片。方法:以卡波姆934P和HPMC(K4M)作为黏附材料,制备口腔贴片,并对其生物黏附力及体外释放度进行了考察,采用一阶导数光谱法测定乙酰螺旋霉素的含量。结果:卡波姆934P的生物黏附性优于HPMC,体外释放均符合Higuchi方程,HPMC的缓释效果优于卡波姆934P。结论:处方中以卡波姆934P与HPMC配比为1:1时为最优处方。     

Development and in vitro evaluation of buccoadhesive carvedilol tablets

Buccoadhesive tablets of carvedilol were prepared using HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M and Carbopol 934 as mucoadhesive polymers. Fifteen formulations were developed with varying concentrations of polymers. Formulations of the BC or BD series were composed of HPMC K4M or HPMC K15M in ratios of 1:1 to 1:5 whereas in the BE series Carbopol 934 was used (1:0.25 to 1:1.50). The formulations were tested for in vitro drug release, in vitro bioadhesion, moisture absorption and in vitro drug permeation through porcine buccal mucosa. Formulation BC3 showed maximum release of the drug (88.7 +/- 0.4%) with the Higuchi model release profile and permeated 21.5 +/- 2.9% of the drug (flux 8.35 +/- 0.291 microg h(-1)cm(-2)) permeation coefficient 1.34 +/- 0.05 cm h(-1)) through porcine buccal membrane. BC3 formulation showed 1.62 +/- 0.15 N of peak detachment force and 0.24 +/- 0.11 mJ of work of adhesion. FTIR results showed no evidence of interaction between the drug and polymers. XRD study revealed that the drug is in crystalline form in the polymer matrix. The results indicate that suitable bioadhesive buccal tablets with desired permeability could be prepared.     

Floating matrix dosage form for propranolol hydrochloride based on gas formation technique: development and in vitro evaluation

Gastroretentive tablets of propranolol hydrochloride were developed by direct compression method using citric acid and sodium bicarbonate as the effervescent base. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose; HPMC K15M was used to prepare the floating tablets to retard the drug release for 12h in stomach. Na-carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) or carbopol 934P was added to alter the drug release profile or the dimensional stability of the formulation. Dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was used as filler. Formulations were evaluated for floating lag time, duration of floating, dimensional stability, drug content and in vitro drug release profile. The formulations were found to have floating lag time less than 1min. It was found that the dimensional stability of the formulations increase with increasing concentration of the swelling agent. The release mechanism of propranolol hydrochloride from floating tablets was evaluated on the basis of Peppas and Higuchi model. The ana value of the formulations ranged from 0.5201 to 0.7367 (0.5相似文献   

In vitro Evaluation of the Effect of Combination of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Polymers on Controlled Release Zidovudine Matrix Tablets

The aim of the present study was to prepare and characterize controlled-release matrix tablets of zidovudine using hydrophilic HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 alone or in combination with hydrophobic ethyl cellulose. Release kinetics was evaluated by using USP XXIV dissolution apparatus No.2 (paddle) type. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effect of dissolution medium on matrix tablet surface. The in vitro results of controlled – release zidovudine tablets were compared with conventional marketed tablet Zidovir. The in vitro drug release study revealed that HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 preparation was able to sustain the drug release near to 6 hours. Combining HPMC K4 M or Carbopol 934 with ethyl cellulose sustained the drug release for nearly 12 h. The in vitro evaluation showed that the drug release may be by diffusion along with erosion. Results suggest that the developed controlled-release tablets of zidovudine could perform therapeutically better than marketed dosage forms, leading to improve efficacy, controlling the release and better patient compliance.