孔石莼多糖及其磺化衍生物HU体外结合脂类和胆固醇的研究

目的研究孔石莼多糖及其磺化孔石莼多糖HU在体外结合脂类和胆固醇的能力,并进一步阐明其可能作用的机制。方法在体外模拟人体消化环境,测定孔石莼多糖U及磺化孔石莼多糖HU对脂肪、胆固醇和胆酸盐的结合能力。结果孔石莼多糖进行磺化后显著增强了它对胆固醇和胆盐的结合能力,但相对减弱了它对脂肪的结合能力。结论孔石莼多糖及其磺化衍生物在体外对脂类和胆固醇具有很强的结合能力,孔石莼多糖中硫酸基的含量是影响其吸收脂类和胆固醇的重要因素。     

孔石莼多糖及其硫酸酯化衍生物抗肿瘤活性的体外实验研究

目的研究孔石莼多糖(U)及其硫酸酯化衍生物(HU)对不同肿瘤细胞株生长的影响。方法利用体外细胞培养模型,应用CCK-8法分析孔石莼多糖U及其硫酸酯化衍生物对不同肿瘤细胞生长的影响。结果孔石莼多糖U及其硫酸酯化衍生物HU对人肝癌细胞HepG2、人肺癌细胞SPC-A-1、人胃癌细胞CDX2、人乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231均具有一定的抑制作用,但作用又有明显差异。对孔石莼多糖(U)进行硫酸酯化衍生化后增强了对HepG2、SPC-A-1、CDX2及MDA-MB-231肿瘤细胞的抑制作用。结论孔石莼多糖(U)及其硫酸酯化衍生物(HU)对不同肿瘤细胞生长具有一定的抑制作用,硫酸酯化孔石莼多糖(HU)对肿...     

孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法应用水煮醇沉法从海洋生物孔石莼中获得孔石莼多糖,观察孔石莼多糖对小鼠免疫功能的调节作用。结果200 mg/(kg.d)孔石莼多糖能明显促进小鼠的胸腺指数和脾指数。100,200 mg/(kg.d)剂量能显著促进ConA诱导的小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化能力,增强小鼠的迟发性超敏反应,提高小鼠的血清溶血素水平,增强小鼠的碳廓清能力,提高小鼠NK细胞的杀伤活性。结论孔石莼多糖能明显调节机体的细胞免疫与体液免疫功能,促进NK细胞的杀伤活性及巨噬细胞的吞噬能力。     

响应面法优化孔石莼多糖提取工艺

目的 以响应面分析法优化孔石莼多糖提取工艺。方法 以多糖得率为响应值,考察提取温度、提取时间、料液比对孔石莼多糖提取率的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,利用Box-Benhnken中心组合试验和响应面分析法,对孔石莼多糖提取工艺参数进行优化分析。结果 孔石莼多糖提取的最优工艺条件为：提取温度91℃,提取时间1.1h,料液比1:21。提取三次后,多糖得率为10.19%。结论 实测值与响应曲面法回归模型的预测值接近,与模型高度拟合,该工艺简洁,得率较高,可用于孔石莼多糖的提取。     

孔石莼多糖降血脂活性的初步研究

为开发我国的孔石莼资源，在研究了其多糖化学组成的基础上，进行了孔石莼多糖对高脂血症的活性研究。结果表明：3个剂量的多糖样品组均有显著的降甘油三酯作用；中、高剂量组可显著降低血清中总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)，升高高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HLD-C)从而增加HDL—C／TC的比值；高剂量组的降脂活性与阳性对照药烟酸肌醇酯相近；血清中脂蛋白胆固醇的改善状况有明显的剂量依赖性。并对孔石莼多糖降血脂活性的机理进行了讨论。     

烟酰化孔石莼多糖的制备及抗氧化活性研究

摘要：目的 探究烟酰化孔石莼多糖NU的最佳制备工艺,并测定其体外抗氧化活性。方法 分别以甲酰胺（FA）、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为溶剂,烟酰氯盐酸盐为酰化剂,以氮元素含量为指标采用单因素法确定最佳溶剂,再采用正交设计法,考察孔石莼多糖U与酰化剂的质量比、U的质量浓度、反应时间、反应温度对反应的影响。经氮元素分析、红外光谱(IR)、核磁共振碳谱(13C-NMR),推测烟酰化衍生物(NU)的化学结构。并研究NU对超氧阴离子自由基（O2??）、羟自由基（?OH）的清除作用以及还原能力、金属螯合能力。结果 烟酰化反应最佳条件：多糖与烟酰化试剂的质量比为1:2,多糖的质量浓度15 g?L?1,反应时间4 h、反应温度为125 ℃。NU的结构已初步确定。对羟自由基（?OH）的清除作用及其还原能力、金属螯合能力,NU与U相比表现出更优的活性;但对超氧阴离子自由基（O2?）的清除作用二者无明显差异。结论 通过确定的实验方案,烟酰化反应是成功的,烟酰化孔石莼多糖NU的抗氧化活性有显著增强。     

毛蚶提取物生化性质初步分析

为了充分利用海洋生物毛蚶、研制开发新型医药保健品，对毛蚶提取物进行了蛋白含量、糖含量测定及紫外光谱分析、氨基酸组成分析、微量元素分析。结果表明样品蛋白质含量达６０％，糖含量１２．６％，氨基酸组成丰富；向量元素中铁含量较高，有很好的药用价值。     

绿藻石莼多糖的提取工艺

用正交设计法对绿藻石莼多糖成分提取工艺进行研究。采用苯酚-硫酸法测定石莼提取液中石莼多糖含量。结果显示在pH4、温度100℃条件下提取的提取液中石莼多糖含量最高，达55.19％。溶液pH和提取温度是提取石莼多糖的关键影响因素，提取次数和时间长短的影响不大。     

小儿鼠药中毒 106例分析

１９９０年１月～２００１年５月我科共收治急性鼠药中毒患儿１０６例，分析如下。一、一般资料１０６例中，男６１例，女４５例，年龄最小１０个月，最大１２岁，１０个月～３岁２０例占１８．８７％，～６岁５６例占５２．８３％，～１２岁３０例占２８．３０％，７例为自杀服用，其它９９例均为误服拌有灭鼠剂的粮食或水果等而中毒。家居农村８２例占７７．３６％，县城２４例占２２．６４％。１９９０年１月～１９９２年１２月１５例占１４．２５％，～１９９５年１２月２３例占２１．３２％，～１９９８年１２月３１日占２８．３０％，…     

实验兔全价颗粒料最适粗纤维水平试验

以实验大耳白兔为实验对象，采用全价颗粒饲料喂养，粗纤维水平分别为１２．５１％，１２．１４％，１１．２６％，１３．４３％的四个实验组进行对比试验，以离乳成活率、离乳窝均重和三月龄体重为指标参数，进行方差显著性分析，得出１２．５１％水平的粗纤维在离乳生长中为最适粗纤维水平，为提高实验兔质量等级进行一些前期的准备工作。     

Physiological responses of Ulva pertusa and U. armoricana to copper exposure

A comparative study of copper (Cu) toxicity and tolerance in two species of Ulva from Korea, the native Ulva pertusa and alien Ulva armoricana, was conducted by examining the effects on growth, pigmentation, chlorophyll fluorescence, antioxidant capacity and nitrate reductase activity. Toxic effects of Cu were less expressed in U. armoricana than in U. pertusa. At lower concentrations (25-50 microgL(-1)), exposure to Cu did not affect thallus growth of U. armoricana, whilst growth was significantly reduced in U. pertusa. An increase in chlorophyll concentrations was observed in U. armoricana exposed up to 100 microgL(-1), whereas Cu caused a significant chlorophyll reduction in U. pertusa. Chlorophyll b was reduced to a lesser extent than chlorophyll a by higher Cu concentrations. In U. armoricana, the maximum efficiency of photosystem II, minimum fluorescence, maximum electron transport rate and non-photochemical quenching were unaffected by Cu except at the highest concentration tested. U. pertusa showed a significant decrease in those parameters at much lower Cu concentrations. It was notable that in this alga the maximum efficiency of photosystem II was reduced at higher Cu concentrations than relative electron transport rate. Elevated concentrations of Cu induced a strong activation of antioxidant activity in U. armoricana, whereas the generation of high levels of reactive oxygen species probably decreased the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense system in U. pertusa. An increase in the nitrate reductase activity of U. armoricana at 50-100 microgL(-1) Cu coincided with the increase in chlorophyll contents, whereas U. pertusa showed a significant decrease at the higher Cu concentration. Differences in the sensitivity of the two species of Ulva to Cu may influence their competitive interactions in Korean coastal waters experiencing temporal increases in the loading of heavy metals.     

正交法提取孔石莼膳食纤维工艺的研究

目的以孔石莼为原料,采用酶与化学结合的方法提取膳食纤维。方法就影响膳食纤维含量7个因素:酶用量、酶解时间、酶解温度、氢氧化钠浓度、氢氧化钠提取温度、氢氧化钠用量、氢氧化钠提取时间进行了单因素试验和正交试验。结果最佳提取工艺条件为蛋白酶与纤维素酶用量比为20:1,在40℃提取1.5h,用20倍1.5%氢氧化钠溶液在75℃提取2h,其产率达到了21%左右,色泽近淡黄褐色。结论研究确立了提取孔石莼膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件。     

Inhibitory phlorotannins from the edible brown alga<Emphasis Type="Italic">ecklonia stolonifera</Emphasis> on total reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of many human degenerative diseases such as cancer, aging, arteriosclerosis, and rheumatism. Much attention has been focused on the development of safe and effective antioxidants. To discover sources of antioxidative activity in marine algae, extracts from 17 kinds of seaweed were screened for their inhibitory effect on total ROS generation in kidney homogenate using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). ROS inhibition was seen in three species: Ulva pertusa, Symphyocladia latiuscula, and Ecklonia stolonifera. At a final concentration of 25 microg/mL, U. pertusa inhibited 85.65+/-20.28% of total ROS generation, S. latiscula caused 50.63+/-0.09% inhibitory, and the Ecklonia species was 44.30+/-7.33% inhibition. E. stolonifera Okamura (Laminariaceae), which belongs to the brown algae, has been further investigated because it is commonly used as a foodstuff in Korea. Five compounds, phloroglucinol (1), eckstolonol (2), eckol (3), phlorofucofuroeckol A (4), and dieckol (5), isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanolic extract of E. stolonifera inhibited total ROS generation.     

γ-Pyrone derivatives,kojic acid methyl ethers from a marine-derived fungus<Emphasis Type="Italic">altenaria</Emphasis> sp

Kojic acid dimethyl ether (1), and the known kojic acid monomethyl ether (2), kojic acid (3) and phomaligol A (4) have been isolated from the organic extract of the broth of the marine-derived fungus Alternaria sp. collected from the surface of the marine green alga Ulva pertusa. The structures were assigned on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Each isolate was tested for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Kojic acid (3) was found to have significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity, but compounds 1, 2, and 4 were found to be inactive.     

Antihyperlipidemic effects of different molecular weight sulfated polysaccharides from Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta).

Ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide from Ulva pertusa, was degraded to yield two low molecular weight fractions U1 and U2. The molecular weights of ulvan and its fractions were determined and varied from 151.6 to 28.2 kDa. They were fed to rats on a hypercholesterolemic diet for 21 days to evaluate and compare the antihyperlipidemic actions. Ulvan-based diet significantly lowered the levels of serum total cholesterol (-45.2%, P<0.05) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-cholesterol, -54.1%, P<0.05). While U1- and U2-based diets significantly elevated the levels of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol, +22.0% for U1, not significant; +61.0% for U2; P<0.05) and reduced triglyceride (TG, -82.4% for U1, -77.7% for U2; P<0.05) in rats as compared to control diet. In addition, consumptions of various ulvans significantly increased fecal bile acid excrement. The results indicated that ulvans with different molecular weights exhibited diverse effects on lipid metabolism. The high molecular weight ulvan was effective in serum total and LDL-cholesterol, whereas low molecular weight fractions were in TG and HDL-cholesterol. The fractions were considered to be more beneficial to hyperlipidemia associated with diabetes over ulvan.     

Phytochemical Screening,Proximate Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Dracaena reflexa Lam. Leaves

In the present study, the antioxidant activity of successive leaf extracts of Dracaena reflexa was investigated using the scavenging activity on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and reducing power by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay. Methanol extract was found potent in both the assays. IC50 values of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay for methanol extract was 0.97 mg/ml and ferric reducing antioxidant power value for the same is 1.19. Phytochemical screening, proximate analysis and total phenolic content were also determined. Qualitative screening for phytochemical showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and saponins. Highest phenolic content was shown by methanol extract (49.69 mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight). Proximate analysis showed moisture content (3.31%), ash content (8.02%), crude fibre (1.31%), crude fat (0.97%), total protein (3.70%), total carbohydrate (86.01) and nutritive value (367.56 kcal/100 g), which would make it a potential nutraceutical. This study suggested that Dracaena reflexa, a potential natural free radical scavenger, which could find use as an antioxidative.     

A novel marine algal toxicity bioassay based on sporulation inhibition in the green macroalga Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta)

A 5-day aquatic toxicity test based on sporulation inhibition of the green macroalga Ulva pertusa Kjellman has been developed. Optimal test conditions determined for photon irradiance, salinity and temperature were 60-200 micromol photons m(-2)s(-1), 25-35 per thousand and 15-20 degrees C, respectively. Tests were conducted by exposing U. pertusa thallus disks to a reference toxicant (sodium dodecyl sulfate; SDS), metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+) and elutriates of sludge collected from nine different locations. The EC(50) values for SDS was 5.35 mg L(-1). When four heavy metals were assayed, the NOECs were highest for lead (0.625 mg L(-1)) and lowest for copper (0.031 mg L(-1)). The EC50 values showed the following toxicity rankings: Cu(2+) (0.061 mg L(-1))>Cd2+ (0.326 mg L(-1))>Zn2+ (0.738 mg L(-1))>Pb2+ (0.877 mg L(-1)). The bioassay indicated also that the sporulation endpoint could be a sensitive indicator of toxicity effects of elutriates of sludge as reflected from the NOEC values equal to or lower than the lowest concentration employed (6.25%). Sporulation was significantly inhibitied in all elutriates with the greatest and least effects observed in elutriates of sludge from industrial waste (EC50 6.78%) and filtration bed (EC50 15.0%), respectively. The results of the Spearman rank correlation analysis for EC50 data versus the concentrations of toxicants in the sludge presented a significant correlation between toxicity and four heavy metals (Cd2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+). Introduction of the concept of toxicity unit (TU) showed that these metals were the main cause of toxicity in elutriates of at least four out of nine sludge samples. Members of the order Ulvales show a wide geographic distribution and have similar reproductive characteristics, thus making it possible to apply the present test method to other algae of this taxa, elsewhere. This novel method will be a useful tool for assessing the aquatic toxicity of a wide range of toxicants, once the respective sensitivities are demonstrated.     

石莼、网地藻多糖含量与藻际微生物丰度关系研究

目的：研究石莼、网地藻藻际微生物丰度对多糖含量的影响。方法：通过实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)技术对石莼、网地藻所附着的藻际微生物丰度进行研究(细菌16S rDNA以及真菌18S rDNA丰度)。结果：石莼多糖含量、藻际微生物总DNA含量均显著高于网地藻(p <0.05)。石莼藻际微生物丰度(细菌1.04×1010-1.42×1010拷贝数/g干样,真菌1.01×107-1.38×107拷贝数/g干样) 显著高于网地藻(细菌2.05×108-6.9×108拷贝数/g干样、真菌2.59×105-4.79×105拷贝数/g干样)(p<0.01)。典型对应分析(CCA分析)表明石莼、网地藻多糖含量与藻际微生物(细菌、真菌)丰度显著相关。结论：石莼、网地藻藻际微生物丰度对多糖含量有一定影响。