丝素蛋白在生物医学领域的应用研究新进展

丝素蛋白是一种天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有无毒、良好的生物相容性以及一定的可降解性等优点。随着生物化学和分子生物学向生命科学各领域的广泛渗透,丝素蛋白研究也逐渐向分子水平发展,由此产生了丝素蛋白及其合成物作为生物医学材料的新研究领域,而且已取得一系列的基础研究成果,显示了丝素蛋白作为生物医用材料的应用潜力。     

天然来源丝素蛋白的体内外降解性与生物相容性研究进展

丝素蛋白是一种天然可降解高分子聚合物,具有稳定无毒、价廉易得及无炎症反应等特点,表现出良好的可降解性和生物相容性,在生物医药领域常作为生物组织工程与药物递送载体的材料广泛应用。本综述介绍了丝素蛋白的结构与组成,以及其体内外生物降解特性与生物相容性研究方法与结果的国内外最新进展,以期为丝素蛋白的进一步深入研究与应用提供参考。     

基于蚕丝蛋白的医用仿生材料

蚕丝蛋白由丝胶及丝素组成。丝胶是一种高分子量的球晶蛋白,相对丝胶而言,丝素分子量较小,且共有4种结构。由于蚕丝蛋白具有优良的细胞相容性、生物安全性、生物降解性等生物学特性,被广泛用于人造皮肤、人造骨骼、人造血管、人造肌腱与韧带等医用仿生材料的研制与开发。     

壳聚糖-明胶海绵伤口敷料的毒理学评价

壳聚糖具有生物相溶性、生物降解性,加之良好的的成膜性、抗凝血性、促进伤口愈合和防腐抗菌等功能,作为医用材料备受关注;明胶中的主要成份胶原因弱的抗原性和好的生物相容性,在烧伤、创伤、眼角膜疾病、美容、矫形、硬组织修复和创面止血等医药卫生领域用途也广泛[1,4]。本文     

医用聚氨酯基水凝胶的合成及释药性能的研究

医用聚氨酯并不会对造成局部的刺激性反应或者是过敏反应,而水凝胶在对血液、对人体器官以及对组织等等都具备比较好的生物相容性,在经过了特殊的分子设计之后,就形成了聚氨酯基水凝胶。本文的研究主要是通过合成聚氨酯预聚体的方式,来促使其和丝素蛋白水溶液发生反应,实际上也就是聚氨酯预聚体上面残留下来的NCO基团和丝素蛋白结构上面的氨发什么该反应,研究得出其具有较好的释药性能。     

甲壳素/壳聚糖在疝修补领域的研究综述

疝气是目前临床上1 种常见的外科疾病,随着疝气患者的日益增多,疝修补材料的不断革新成为临床疝气领域的研发热点,力求通过改善疝修补材料来促进疝修补术后的腹壁组织修复情况。目前海洋来源的甲壳素/壳聚糖是生物医用材料领域研究的热点材料,具有广阔的发展前景。综述疝修补材料和以甲壳素和壳聚糖为代表的海洋生物材料的生物学特性及其在疝修补领域的研究进展,评价其作为疝修补材料的可行性,为海洋生物材料在疝修补领域的广泛应用提供新思路。     

信息荟萃

新一代医用生物蛋白粘合剂获得专利 由广州倍特生物技术公司研制、中国生物医学工程学会监制的新一代医用生物蛋白粘合剂,临床应用取得满意效果。目前这项成果已通过专家鉴定,并获得国家专利。 医用生物蛋白粘合剂又称生物蛋白胶、纤维蛋白粘合剂,主要用于各种手术止血。以往临床应用的医用生物蛋白粘合剂以人的血液为原料,因其成本高,患者难以承受,且增加了血液传播性疾病感染     

基于丝素蛋白的纳米粒药物递送系统研究进展

丝素蛋白(silk fibroin, SF)是一种天然高分子,具有一定的水溶性、结构修饰性、良好的生物相容性和生物降解性,可作为药物递送的载体材料。SF载药纳米粒可控制药物释放、减少不良反应、提高治疗效果,是一种有前景的药物递送系统。本综述介绍了SF的基本特征、SF载药纳米粒的制备方法和SF在纳米粒药物递送系统的应用,在此基础上,对SF载药纳米粒的进一步发展进行了展望。     

基于海洋多糖水凝胶的组织工程材料研究应用进展

海洋天然多糖以其优异的生物相容性、生物可降解性、安全性以及特定的生物活性,成为生物医用材料研究的热点领域之一。近年来,基于海洋来源的糖类生物大分子开发的新型水凝胶,在组织工程领域得到了广泛应用。本文综述了基于海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、透明质酸、卡拉胶和岩藻聚糖硫酸酯研发的功能性水凝胶,评述了这些水凝胶的设计思路、制备方法和理化性质,及其作为细胞培养与递送支架材料中的应用,并展望了其发展方向和应用潜力。     

生物蛋白胶在腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术中的应用

目的评价医用生物蛋白胶在腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术中预防胆漏的效果。方法对16例腹腔镜肝囊肿开窗引流术囊内壁表面喷洒医用生物蛋白胶的应用情况进行分析。结果手术后16例患者腹腔引流液清，均无胆汁，痊愈出院。结论医用生物蛋白胶有良好的防漏作用，减少腹腔引流液，可被组织吸收，未发现不良反应。     

基于丝素蛋白的新型药物递送系统研究进展

丝素蛋白是从蚕丝或蜘蛛丝中提取的具有良好机械强度的天然高分子纤维蛋白,具有良好的晶体多态性、生物相容性和生物可降解性、细胞黏附性、易于化学修饰和低免疫原性等特点,基于丝素蛋白的药物递送系统还具有良好的热稳定性、制备温和、提高蛋白质等生物药物稳定性的特点,近年来在小分子药物和生物大分子药物递送方面都受到了广泛关注.本文从丝素蛋白的结构、制备工艺、释药特性等方面综述了其在膜剂、凝胶剂、微球、纳米制剂、微针、脂质体、干粉吸入剂等剂型中的最新研究进展,并对其发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

羟基磷灰石基复合骨修复材料研究进展

羟基磷灰石因为接近骨组织成分,具有优良的生物相容性,而被广泛应用于骨修复领域。由于单一材料不具有多种优异的生物学性能,因此,制备性能优越的羟基磷灰石/聚合物复合骨修复材料成为骨修复材料领域的热点之一。本文综述了设计羟基磷灰石基复合骨修复材料的一些要点,总结了近几年国内外羟基磷灰石/聚合物复合材料的研究状况,并介绍了载药羟基磷灰石骨修复材料的研究情况,最后对羟基磷灰石基复合骨修复材料的发展提出展望。     

纳米高分子材料在生物医学领域的研究与应用

纳米高分子材料突破传统理念，发展迅猛，在生物技术、生命科学等高新技术中都有广阔应用前景。本文综述了纳米科学技术在高分子材料领域的研究现状，重点论述了纳米高分子材料在生物医学领域中的应用。并对其发展前景提出展望。     

Potential benefits of using chitosan and silk fibroin topical hydrogel for managing wound healing and coagulation

Background & ObjectivesThe intricate process of wound healing involves replacing the cellular or tissue structure that has been destroyed. In recent years various wound dressings were launched but reported several limitations. The topical gel preparations are intended for certain skin wound conditions for local action. Chitosan-based hemostatic materials are the most effective in halting acute hemorrhage, and naturally occurring silk fibroin is widely utilized for tissue regeneration. So, this study was conducted to evaluate the potential of chitosan hydrogel(CHI-HYD) and chitosan silk fibroin hydrogel (CHI-SF-HYD) on blood clotting and wound healing.MethodsHydrogel was prepared using various concentrations of silk fibroin with guar gum as a gelling agent. The optimized formulations were evaluated for visual appearance, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), pH, spreadability, viscosity, antimicrobial activity, HR-TEM analysis, ex vivo skin permeation, skin irritation, stability studies, and in vivo studies by using adult male Wistar albino rats.ResultsBased on the outcome of FT-IR, no chemical interaction between the components was noticed. The developed hydrogels exhibited a viscosity of 79.2 ± 4.2 Pa.s (CHI-HYD), 79.8 ± 3.8 Pa.s (CHI-SF-HYD), and pH of 5.87 ± 0.2 (CHI-HYD), 5.96 ± 0.1 (CHI-SF-HYD). The prepared hydrogels were sterile and non-irritant to the skin. The in vivo study outcomes show that the CHI-SF-HYD treated group has significantly shortened the span of tissue reformation than other groups. This demonstrated that the CHI-SF-HYD could consequently accelerate the regeneration of the damaged area.Interpretation & ConclusionOverall, the positive outcomes revealed improved blood coagulation and re-epithelialization. This indicates that the CHI-SF-HYD could be used to develop novel wound-healing devices.     

间充质干细胞联合石墨烯支架培养治疗膝骨性关节炎的研究进展

膝骨性关节炎是困扰中老年人的疾病之一, 关节软骨损伤是其病理过程的核心, 围绕软骨损伤的病理研 究也越来越深入, 而现有的治疗方法尚不能从根本上逆转这一过程。近年来随着软骨组织工程技术的发展, 特别是 间充质干细胞的使用为解决这一困难提供了一条新的途径。同时, 石墨烯材料在医学领域的应用也逐渐成为热门, 利用石墨烯材料作为支架结构联合间充质干细胞, 以此寻求对软骨损伤修复的新方法。本文从膝软骨损伤的机制、 间充质干细胞对软骨的修复以及石墨烯支架材料的应用方面进行总结, 以期能开拓新的治疗思路。     

Photoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications

Hydrogels are soft materials composed of a three-dimensional network which contain a high percentage of water similar to body tissue and are therefore regarded as a biocompatible material. Hydrogels have various potential applications in the biomedical field such as drug delivery and as scaffold for tissue engineering. Control over the physical properties of a hydrogel by an external stimulus is highly desirable and is therefore actively studied. Light is a particularly interesting stimulus to manipulate the properties of a hydrogel as it is a remote stimulus that can be controlled spatially and temporally with great ease and convenience. Therefore in recent years photoresponsive hydrogels have been investigated as an emerging biomaterial. Here we will review recent developments and discuss these new materials, and their applications in the biomedical field.     

A dry powder formulation from silk fibroin microspheres as a topical auto-gelling device

With the aim of establishing the formulation of a new hydrophilic auto-gelling medical device for biomedical applications, fibroin-based microspheres were prepared. The proposed microspheres were produced by a cost-effective and industrially scalable technique, such as the spray-drying. Spray-dried silk fibroin microspheres were obtained and the effects of different hydrophilic polymer on the process yield, microsphere morphology and conformation transition of fibroin were evaluated. The final auto-gelling formulations were obtained by adding calcium gluconate (as a calcium source for alginate crosslinking) to the prepared microspheres and tested by an in vitro gelling test. This study showed that the combination of fibroin with sodium alginate and poloxamer produced the most promising auto-gelling formulation for specific biomedical applications, such as the treatment of pressure ulcers.     

Biodegradable ‘intelligent’ materials in response to physical stimuli for biomedical applications

Background: Stimuli-responsive materials that undergo dramatic changes in physical–chemical properties in response to mild physical changes in environmental conditions are attracting increasing interest because of their potential application in biomedical fields. Biodegradable materials are highly desired for most biomedical applications in vivo, such as transient implants, drug-delivery carriers, and tissue engineering scaffolds. Biomedical systems that are both biodegradable and stimuli-responsive have therefore been studied intensively and significant progress in this field has been achieved. Objective/methods: This review summarizes the development of biodegradable ‘intelligent’ materials in response to physical stimuli and their potential biomedical applications. A detailed analysis of publications and patents on such materials in recent years is presented. Results/conclusion: Although biodegradable stimuli-responsive materials are highly attractive for biomedical applications, most such materials are currently at a developmental research stage. Additionally, single stimulus-responsive property limits the practical applications of these materials. To achieve more favorable applications for these materials, further efforts are still necessary, especially for developing multi-stimuli-responsive functions of materials and improving the stimuli-responsive properties of such materials in a biological environment. Bearing in mind the great prospect of these biodegradable stimuli-responsive materials, we hope that this review will help in the future development of stimuli-responsive polymers or systems that could be reliably employed in biomedical applications.