草药牛筋果化学成分的研究

从苦木科牛筋果属植物牛筋果(Harrisonia perforate (Blanco)Merr.)根中分得四种色原酮化合物,(1)异前胡色原酮-7-甲醚,(2)异前胡色原酮-5-甲氧基-7-甲醚。其余两种是新化合物命名为牛筋果色原酮甲、乙,其结构如Ⅲ,Ⅳ式所示。     

中性盐和碱性盐胁迫对黑果枸杞种子萌发及幼苗生长的影响

在中性盐(NaCl)和碱性盐(Na₂CO₃)胁迫下,对采自河西走廊黑河中游的黑果枸杞进行种子萌发及幼苗生长试验,测定了发芽率(G_r)、发芽势(G_v)、发芽指数(G_I)、活力指数(V_I)和相对盐害率及幼苗的组织含水量、可溶性蛋白质含量、叶绿素含量、电导率、丙二醛含量和POD含量等指标。结果表明,黑果枸杞种子萌发的NaCl、Na₂CO₃浓度的临界值分别是50 mmol·L^-1和2.5 mmol·L^-1,极限值分别是300 mmol·L^-1和100 mmol·L^-1;在NaCl和Na₂CO₃胁迫下,发芽率分别为69.17%和71.67%;幼苗组织含水量分别由对照的88.97%降低到56.17%、70.27%;可溶性蛋白质含量最大值分别为7.09%、7.73%;叶绿素含量分别由对照的1.27 mg·g^-1降到0.78 mg·g^-1、0.92 mg·g^-1;电导率分别由对照的25.63%增加到64.77%、74.8%;丙二醛含量分别由对照的1.5 μmol·g^-1增加到6.9、6.5 μmol·g^-1;POD活性分别由对照的380.4 U·g^-1·min^-1降低到139.2 U·g^-1·min^-1、192.7 U·g^-1·min^-1。黑果枸杞是盐生植物,低浓度的盐促进萌发,高浓度的抑制萌发;碱性盐更适合其生长;黑果枸杞幼苗在盐胁迫下的生理响应及生态适应综合表现出黑果枸杞更适于碱性盐生长。     

槐果碱对HERG钾通道电生理功能的影响

HERG(human ether-a-go-go-related gene)钾通道在心律失常的发生及治疗中具有重要作用， 因此已成为近些年来的研究热点。本研究应用全细胞膜片钳技术记录在HEK(human embryonic kidney) 293细胞上稳定表达的HERG钾通道的电流和动力学曲线(激活、 失活、 复活和去活化)来研究不同浓度槐果碱对HERG电流及动力学曲线的影响， 以了解槐果碱抗心律失常的作用机制。结果表明， 槐果碱浓度依赖性地抑制HERG时间依赖性电流(I_step)及其尾电流(I_tail)。在0 mV时， 10、 30、 100及300 μmol·L^-1槐果碱对I_step的抑制率分别为(10.7±2.8)%、 (11.3±5.5)%、 (47.0±2.3)%及(53.7±2.5)%， 对I_tail的抑制率分别为(1.1±3.0)%、 (17.1±3.3)%、 (32.7±1.9)%(P<0.05， n=12)及(56.0±2.4)%(P<0.05， n=13)。100 μmol·L^-1槐果碱作用后失活时间常数减小， 失活速率变快；复活时间常数在大部分指令电压下明显减小(P<0.01， n=12)，复活速度加快；瞬时失活时间常数减小(P<0.05， n=12)；稳态激活、去活化无明显改变。由此可看出，槐果碱通过影响通道的失活过程抑制HERG钾电流，使得心肌细胞复极时间延长，改善快速性心律失常。     

氧化槐果碱对胃癌MGC80-3细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 观察氧化槐果碱对胃癌MGC80-3细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及机制。方法 采用CCK-8、Hoechest 33342染色、倒置显微镜和流式细胞术测定氧化槐果碱干预后对细胞的增殖、凋亡的影响,qRT-PCR检测胃癌MGC80-3细胞中Bcl-2、Bax mRNA水平,Western blot法检测胃癌MGC80-3细胞中Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9蛋白水平。结果 氧化槐果碱能抑制胃癌MGC80-3细胞增殖（P<0.05）,并具有时间和浓度依赖性。0.48,0.95,1.91 mmol·L^-1氧化槐果碱能诱导细胞凋亡（P<0.05）,凋亡抑制剂Z-DEVD-FMK能逆转氧化槐果碱的凋亡诱导作用,0.95,1.91 mmol·L^-1氧化槐果碱能上调Bax的mRNA水平,下调Bcl-2的mRNA水平,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。0.95,1.91 mmol·L^-1氧化槐果碱能上调Bax、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9的蛋白水平,下调Bcl-2蛋白水平,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05或P<0.01）。凋亡抑制剂Z-DEVD-FMK能逆转氧化槐果碱对Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9蛋白的影响。结论 氧化槐果碱能通过调节Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved caspase-3、cleaved caspase-9的表达水平,抑制胃癌MGC80-3细胞增殖,诱导细胞凋亡。     

间硝苯地平对老龄肾性高血压大鼠心肌和脑微粒体Na+,K+-ATP酶,Ca2+-ATP酶和Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

间硝苯地平(m-Nif,ig20mg·kg^-1·d^-1持续给药9周)可显著降低老龄肾性高血压大鼠(RVHR)血压和左室重量(P<0.01),增高心、脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性(P<0.01),降低Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性,体外量效关系研究发现,m-Nif在较高剂量(10～1000μmol·L^-1)时可增高RVHR心脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺-ATP酶活性,且随剂量增加而增高。上述结果表明,m-Nif可改善老龄RVHR心脑微粒体Na⁺,K⁺泵和Ca²⁺泵功能。     

黄毛忽木皂甙A的分离和结构测定

黄毛木(Aralia decaisneana Hance)为五加科木属植物。从其根的甲醇提取物中分离得到一个皂甙化合物(I),根据光谱(IR,¹HNMR,¹³CNMR,MS,Longrange ¹H-¹HCOSY和¹H-¹³cHETCOR)解析和化学反应(酸水解,乙酰化和碱水解)证明,化合物1的结构确定为3-O-[β-D-吡喃木糖1→3)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖酯甙。该化合物是一个新的三萜皂甙,命名为黄毛木皂甙A(aradecoside A)。     

高效液相色谱法测定苦参素分散片的含量

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定苦参素分散片含量的方法。方法 以Phenomenex C₁₈柱为固定相;流动相0.02mol·L^-1磷酸二氢钠溶液(pH3.5)-甲醇(90∶10);流量1.0ml·min^-1;检测波长220nm。结果 氧化苦参碱与氧化槐果碱分离良好,氧化苦参碱在0.04～0.16mg·ml^-1浓度范围内呈良好的直线关系,平均回收率为99.4%,RSD为0.78%(n=9)。结论 该方法简便、灵敏、准确、重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

间硝苯地平在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学

目的用反相高效液相色谱法研究间硝苯地平(m-nifedipine，m-Nif)在Beagle犬体内的药代动力学特征。方法正交设计优化色谱分离条件，Beagle犬分别iv给予m-Nif 0.288 mg·kg^-1和ig m-Nif 1.152，3.456，10.370 mg·kg^-1。用反相高效液相色谱法分析血浆中原型药物浓度，血浆药物浓度-时间数据用3P97药代动力学软件分析。结果Beagle犬iv m-Nif，其体内过程符合二室模型，T_1/2β为116.8 min；ig给予m-Nif 后在Beagle犬体内的代谢符合一室模型，其中低剂量(1.152 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为20 μg·L^-1， T_1/2(k_e)为147 min；中剂量(3.456 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为36 μg·L^-1，T_1/2(k_e) 为122 min；高剂量(10.37 mg·kg^-1)组C_max为69 μg·L^-1，T_1/2(k_e)为144 min。结论Beagle犬ig和iv m-Nif 后，血浆中药物消除迅速，口服绝对生物利用度较低。     

祁州漏芦蜕皮甾酮类化学成分的研究

从祁州漏芦[Rhaponticum uniflorum(L.)DC.]的根中,分离出三个蜕皮甾酮类化合物Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,其中Ⅱ根据UV,IR,MS,¹³CNMR,¹HNMR,¹H-¹HCOSY,¹H-¹HNOESY,¹H-¹³C COSY,及CD谱确定其结构为(20R,22R,24S)-2β,3β,11α,14α,20,22,24-heptahydroxy-5β-cholest-7-en-6-one,为一新化合物,命名为漏芦甾酮(rhaponfisterone)。化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ分别鉴定为蜕皮甾酮(ecdysterone)和土克甾酮(turkesterone)。     

伊贝母中伊贝碱甙C的分离和结构鉴定

自吉林栽培的伊贝母(Fritillaria pallidiflora Schrenk)中分得一种新的甾体生物碱甙,命名为伊贝碱甙C(yibeinosideC)。根据红外、质谱、氢谱、碳谱、¹H-¹HCOSY和¹H-¹³CCOSY谱确定其结构为22,26-环亚胺胆甾-6-酮-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖甙(1)。     

国产沉香化学成分研究 Ⅳ.2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物的分离与鉴定

自国产沉香(Lignum Aquilariae sinensis)[属瑞香科(Thymeleaceae)植物]的乙醇提取物的乙醚溶解部分中分离得到六个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮类化合物。经光谱(UV,IR,¹HNMR ¹³CNMR和MS)分析及化学合成,确定其中一个为新化合物,即6-羟基-2-[2-(4-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮(Ⅴ)。其余五个为已知化合物,即2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6-氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6,7-二甲氧基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,6-甲氧基-2-[2-(3′-甲氧基苯)乙基]色酮和6-羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,这些化合物均是首次从该植物中分离得到。     

Nitrogen-containing flavonoid and their analogs with diverse B-ring in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition

In this study, a series of new flavones (2-phenyl-chromone), 2-naphthyl chromone, 2-anthryl-chromone, or 2-biphenyl-chromone derivatives containing 6 or 7-substituted tertiary amine side chain were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition. The results indicated that the alteration of aromatic ring connecting to chromone scaffold brings about a significant impact on biological activity. Compared with flavones, the inhibitory activity of 2-naphthyl chromone, 2-anthryl-chromone derivatives against AChE significantly decreased, while that of 2-biphenyl chromone derivatives with 7-substituted tertiary amine side chain is better than relative flavones derivatives. For all new synthesized compounds, the position of tertiary amine side chain obviously influenced the activity of inhibiting AChE. The results above provide great worthy information for the further development of new AChE inhibitors. Among the newly synthesized compounds, compound 5a is potent in AChE inhibition (IC₅₀ = 1.29 ± 0.10 μmol/L) with high selectivity for AChE over BChE (selectivity ratio: 27.96). An enzyme kinetic study of compound 5a suggests that it produces a mixed-type inhibitory effect against AChE.     

国产沉香化学成分的研究——Ⅴ.三个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮衍生物的分离和鉴定

自国产沉香(Lignum Aquiarilae sinensis)[瑞香料(Thymeleaceae)植物]乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯溶解部分经硅胶层析,分寓得到三个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮衍生物。根据光谱(UV,IR,¹³C NMR,¹H NMR和MS)数据分析确定其中两个为新化合物;其结构分别为5,8-二羟基-2-(2-对甲氧基苯乙基)色酮(2)和6,7-二甲氧基-2-(2-对甲氧基苯乙基)色酮(3)。另外一个为已知化合物5,8-二羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,(1),是首次从该植物中得到。     

国产沉香化学成分的研究——Ⅴ.三个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮衍生物的分离和鉴定

自国产沉香(Lignum Aquiarilae sinensis)[瑞香料(Thymeleaceae)植物]乙醇提取物的醋酸乙酯溶解部分经硅胶层析,分寓得到三个2-(2-苯乙基)色酮衍生物。根据光谱(UV,IR,~(13)C NMR,~1H NMR和MS)数据分析确定其中两个为新化合物;其结构分别为5,8-二羟基-2-(2-对甲氧基苯乙基)色酮(2)和6,7-二甲氧基-2-(2-对甲氧基苯乙基)色酮(3)。另外一个为已知化合物5,8-二羟基-2-(2-苯乙基)色酮,(1),是首次从该植物中得到。     

Chromone, a privileged scaffold for the development of monoamine oxidase inhibitors

Two series of novel chromone derivatives were synthesized and investigated for their ability to inhibit the activity of monoamine oxidase. The SAR data indicate that chromone derivatives with substituents in position 3 of γ-pyrone nucleus act preferably as MAO-B inhibitors, with IC(50) values in the nanomolar to micromolar range. Almost all chromone 3-carboxamides display selectivity toward MAO-B. Identical substitutions on position 2 of γ-pyrone nucleus result in complete loss of activity in both isoforms (chromones 2-12 except 3 and 5). Notably, chromone (19) exhibits an MAO-B IC(50) of 63 nM, greater than 1000-fold selectivity over MAO-A, and behaves as a quasi-reversible inhibitor. Docking experiments onto the MAO binding of the most active compound highlight different interaction patterns among the isoforms A and B. The differential analysis of the solvation effects among the chromone isomers gave additional insight about the superior outline of the 3-substituted chromone derivatives.     

Qinanmer,a new compound from Chinese agarwood ‘Qi-Nan’ originating from Aquilaria sinensis

Qinanmer (1), a new compound comprising 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone and sesquiterpene moieties, together with two known 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone derivatives (2–3), was isolated from the high-quality Chinese agarwood “Qi-Nan” originating from Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Glig. The structure of 1 was elucidated by spectroscopic techniques (UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR), MS analyses, ECD spectra analyses, and quantum ¹³C NMR calculations.     

Discovery of novel A3 adenosine receptor ligands based on chromone scaffold

A project focused on the discovery of new chemical entities (NCEs) as AR ligands that incorporate a benzo-γ-pyrone [(4H)-1-benzopyran-4-one] substructure has been developed. Accordingly, two series of novel chromone carboxamides placed at positions C2 (compounds 2-13) and C3 (compounds 15-26) of the γ-pyrone ring were synthesized using chromone carboxylic acids (compounds 1 or 14) as starting materials. From this study and on the basis of the obtained structure-activity relationships it was concluded that the chromone carboxamide scaffold represent a novel class of AR ligands. The most remarkable chromones were compounds 21 and 26 that present a better affinity for A3AR (Ki = 3680 nM and Ki = 3750 nM, respectively). Receptor-driven molecular modeling studies provide information on the binding/selectivity data of the chromone. The data so far acquired are instrumental for future optimization of chromone carboxamide as a selective A3AR antagonist.     

Synthesis and evaluation of chromone-2-carboxamide derivatives as cytotoxic agents and 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors

In the present study, we prepared a series of 21 chromone carboxamide derivatives bearing diverse amide side chains. Their potency to inhibit the proliferation of breast (MCF-7), ovarian (OVCAR and IGROV), and colon (HCT-116) cancer cell lines, was evaluated in vitro using the MTT assay. Among these compounds, 13 showed promising cytotoxic activity against at least one cancer cell line with IC₅₀ in the range 0.9–10?μM. Our compounds were also screened for their anti-inflammatory activity as putative inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase.Structure-activity relationships studies on our chromone carboxamide derivatives revealed that the presence of a 6-fluoro substituent on the chromone nucleus (R₁) or propyl and 3-ethylphenyl groups on the amide side chain (R₂) has a positive impact on the cytotoxic activity. In terms of the anti-inflammatory activity, hydrophilic chromone carboxamide derivatives showed greater 5-lipoxygenase inhibition.The physico-chemical properties of chromone carboxamides are in accordance with the general requirements of drug development process and ligand efficiency values allow further structure optimization, with compound 4b as a lead.     

3-取代苯基苯并吡喃酮类化合物 的设计合成及抗肿瘤活性

目的 在7-甲氧基或7-羟基苯并吡喃酮的3位引入各种取代苯基,以发现抗肿瘤活性更强的异黄酮类化合物。方法 以丹皮酚和甲酸乙酯为原料,经多步反应制得关键中间体3-碘-7-甲氧基苯并吡喃酮(5),再经Suzuki coupling反应制得目标化合物,通过1H-NMR、MS和IR方法确定目标化合物的结构,部分化合物还进行了13C-NMR测定。选择人结肠癌细胞株HCT116和人肝癌细胞株7721为试验瘤株,以姜黄素和大豆异黄酮为阳性对照测定体外抗肿瘤活性。结果 设计合成的20个新目标化合物均有一定的体外抗肿瘤活性,其中化合物6, 9, 16和19的活性较好,与对照品姜黄素的IC50值相当, 明显优于对照品大豆异黄酮的IC50值。结论 可以通过引入不同的3-取代苯基改变异黄酮类化合物的抗肿瘤活性;在这类化合物的3位苯基上引入甲基、甲氧基或三氟甲基体积较小的基团似乎有利于其抗肿瘤活性。 关键词：化学合成; 苯并吡喃酮; Suzuki coupling偶联反应; 抗肿瘤活性     

Metabolism and excretion of a chromone carboxylic acid (FPL 52757) in various animal species

1. The disposition of the chromone carboxylic acid (FPL 52757) in several species has been investigated. The compound is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation in rat, mouse, ferret, squirrel monkey, cynomolgus monkey, rabbit, hamster, stumped-tailed macaque and baboon (e.g. 50–100° in rat, cynomolgus monkey and squirrel monkey).

2. The plasma clearance of the chromone in rat, rabbit and squirrel monkey was 138, 44 and 59 ml/kg per?h respectively. Plasma clearance by the dog was slower (13 ml/kg per?h) and due mainly to elimination of unchanged compound.

3. As the dog is particularly susceptible to FPL 52757-induced hepatotoxicity the parent compound may be responsible. Species which clear the compound rapidly compared with the dog did not show a hepatotoxic response.

4. Although metabolism occurs in man the clearance is still slow (15 ml/kg per?h) and may be one reason for human susceptibility to a mild hepatotoxic effect with the compound.