丹参有效成分及丹参类制剂抗炎药理作用的研究进展

中药在治疗炎症方面具有疗效较好、毒副作用小等优点。综述丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza中的水溶性成分（丹酚酸A、丹参茎叶总酚酸、丹酚酸B、迷迭香酸、丹参素等）、脂溶性成分（丹参酮II_A、丹参酮I、隐丹参酮、甲基丹参酮等）、丹参多糖,丹参类注射液（丹参注射液、注射用丹参多酚酸、丹红注射液等）以及丹参其他类制剂（如丹参凝胶、丹参涂膜剂等）的抗炎药理作用研究进展,以期为丹参抗炎作用研究及丹参的临床应用提供参考。     

参莲胶囊联合ECF方案治疗晚期胃癌的临床研究

目的 氮素是中药材有效成分积累的重要影响元素,为探讨不同氮源对丹参Salvia miltiorrhiza和藏丹参Salvia castanea毛状根生长和活性成分积累的影响。方法 分别采用硝酸铵、水解乳蛋白、蛋白胨、牛肉浸膏、酪蛋白和酵母提取物6种氮源处理对丹参和藏丹参毛状根的影响,分析毛状根生长及活性成分积累的变化。结果 硝酸铵最有利于2种丹参毛状根的生长。水解乳蛋白能够显著促进丹酚酸类成分的积累,与硝酸铵对照相比,丹参迷迭香酸和丹酚酸B含量分别提高了2.94倍和3.27倍,藏丹参二者含量分别提高了13.74倍和2.01倍。酵母提取物对2种丹参毛状根二氢丹参酮Ι和隐丹参酮积累的促进效果最为显著,水解乳蛋白能显著促进丹参根中丹参酮II_A的积累,牛肉浸膏则对藏丹参中丹参酮II_A积累的促进作用最为显著。结论 硝酸铵是2种丹参毛状根生长的最佳氮源,水解乳蛋白是丹酚酸积累的最佳氮源,不同氮源对4种丹参酮的影响不一致,丹参和藏丹参对不同氮源的响应也不一致。该研究不仅对丹参毛状根规模化培养及活性成分工业化生产具有一定指导意义,也对藏丹参资源的开发利用提供了借鉴作用。     

抗分枝杆菌活性成分——丹参酮的胆汁排泄与肝内转化

大鼠由十二指肠给丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮Ⅱ_A、隐丹参酮及丹参的乙醇粗提物(总酮)后,药物可由胆汁排出。在胆汁中的含量采用高效液相色谱法测定。实验发现给总酮组胆汁中丹参酮Ⅱ_A的排出量为丹参酮Ⅱ_A组排出量的5～10倍。在给隐丹参酮组,发现隐丹参酮在肝内可能转化为丹参酮Ⅱ_A用抑菌指标亦可在肝内检出抗分枝杆菌607的活性成分。     

丹参中丹参酮IIA的SFE-CGC法测定

目的　用超临界流体萃取法(SFE)联用毛细管气相色谱法(CGC)测定丹参药材中丹参酮II_A的含量。方法　用溶解度参数理论预测丹参酮II_A的溶解压力,再用正交设计法考察温度、改性剂量和动态萃取体积三因素对SFE萃取效率的影响。结果　SFE-CGC法测定丹参药材中丹参酮II_A简便快速,结果准确可靠,加样回收率为95.3%,RSD=4.3%,n=3。结论　利用SFE-CGC法测定丹参药材中丹参酮II_A,可提高分析速度,且使用有机溶剂少,对环境造成的污染小,与超声提取法比较,经t检验,显著优于超声提取法。     

丹参的药理作用

近代从丹参中分离得到多种脂溶性菲酮类成分,如丹参酮Ⅰ、丹参酮ⅡA、丹参酮ⅡB、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮等。此外,从丹参的水溶性部位还分离出原儿茶醛及一种具有生理活性的成分-丹参素。     

丹参酮IIA通过调控PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对食管癌细胞放疗敏感性的影响

目的 研究丹参酮II_A对人食管癌细胞放疗敏感性的影响，并基于磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（PI3K/Akt/mTOR）信号通路探讨其潜在机制。方法 以人食管癌Eca-109细胞为受试细胞，分别采用不同浓度丹参酮II_A和不同放射剂量处理Eca-109细胞，48 h后MTT法检测细胞增殖活力，计算丹参酮II_A半数抑制浓度（IC₅₀）和放射的IC₅₀，分别作为后续实验丹参酮II_A浓度和放射剂量。取对数生长期Eca-109细胞，设对照组、丹参酮II_A组、放射组、丹参酮II_A＋放射组、丹参酮II_A＋放射＋PI3K抑制剂（LY294002）组。通过平板克隆实验、MTT法、流式细胞术、荧光质粒转染法检测细胞克隆形成能力、增殖活力、凋亡率和自噬状况，RT-PCR、Western blotting法检测细胞中PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关mRNA和蛋白表达。结果 丹参酮Ⅱ_A和放射对人食管癌Eca-109细胞增殖活力的抑制作用均呈现剂量相关性，丹参酮II_A IC₅₀为8.75 mmol/L，放射量IC₅₀为4.63 Gy。与对照组相比，丹参酮II_A组、放射组、丹参酮II_A＋放射组、丹参酮II_A＋放射＋LY294002组细胞克隆形成能力和增殖活力明显降低，凋亡率和自噬体数量明显升高（P＜0.05）；PI3K、Akt、mTOR mRNA和蛋白表达量明显降低（P＜0.05）；Bcl-2、Bax、cleaved Caspase-3、LC3-I、LC3-II蛋白表达量及Bax/Bcl-2、Cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3、LC3-II/LC3-I明显升高（P＜0.05）。与丹参酮II_A组或放射组相比，丹参酮II_A＋放射组和丹参酮II_A＋放射＋LY294002组对各检测指标的调控作用明显增强（P＜0.05）。与丹参酮II_A＋放射组相比，丹参酮II_A＋放射＋LY294002组对各指标的调控作用明显增强（P＜0.05）。结论 丹参酮II_A可能通过下调PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路，抑制细胞增殖并促进其凋亡与自噬，进而增强人食管癌细胞放疗敏感性。     

HPLC法测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊中4种成分的含量

目的建立同时测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊与丹参提取物中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA含量的HPLC法。方法采用Agilent TC-C18(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱;流动相为2 mL·L~(-1)甲酸水(A)-甲醇(B),梯度洗脱;流速为0.6mL·min~(-1);柱温:30℃;检测波长:280nm;进样量:20μL。结果测定红曲灵芝丹参胶囊中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA 4种成分的含量,每1g中丹参素钠、原儿茶醛、丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量分别为0.451 2,0.119,1.398和3.789mg,与丹参提取物中各成分的含量相比差异较大。结论该方法简便、准确,灵敏度高,专属性好,可用于红曲灵芝丹参胶囊与丹参提取物的质量控制。     

碘甘油联合曲安奈德口腔软膏治疗口腔溃疡的临床研究

目的 建立同时测定枣仁安神胶囊中五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、隐丹参酮、丹参酮I、丹参酮II_A、五味子乙素的方法,为枣仁安神胶囊的质量控制提供科学的方法。方法 采用HPLC法,选用Thermo 120Å-C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）;以乙腈-0.1%冰醋酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,对枣仁安神胶囊中6种主要指标性成分的含量进行同时分析测定;检测波长：五味子醇甲、五味子醇乙、五味子乙素为250 nm,隐丹参酮、丹参酮I、丹参酮II_A为270 nm;体积流量1.0 mL/min,柱温为30℃。结果 五味子醇甲在4.7～3 153.6 ng（r=0.999 9）、五味子醇乙在7.864～314.500 ng（r=0.999 9）,隐丹参酮在14.4～1 256.9 ng（r=0.999 9）、丹参酮I在15.1～1 103.8 ng（r=0.999 9）、丹参酮II_A在15.3～1 532.0 ng（r=0.999 9）、五味子乙素在6.134～204.500 ng（r=0.999 9）内呈良好的线性关系。平均加样回收率分别为五味子醇甲为100.4%、五味子醇乙为98.7%、隐丹参酮为99.4%、丹参酮I为100.0%、丹参酮II_A为99.3%、五味子乙素100.2%,RSD分别为1.4%、2.7%、2.2%、2.2%、2.5%、2.1%;8批样品中各指标成分的质量分数分别为五味子醇甲1.545 7～1.909 9 mg/g、五味子醇乙0.129 8～0.235 1 mg/g、隐丹参酮0.508 4～0.523 4 mg/g、丹参酮I 0.111 7～0.122 3 mg/g、丹参酮II_A 0.755 8～0.874 4 mg/g、五味子乙素0.120 2～0.190 1 mg/g。结论 建立的含量测定分析方法灵敏度高、专属性强,可很好地控制枣仁安神胶囊质量。     

反相高效液相色谱法同时测定抗小叶增生合剂丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量

抗小叶增生合剂是一种用于治疗乳腺增生症且疗效独特的医院制剂,临床疗效好[1].其处方中丹参所含有效成分可分为脂溶性的丹参酮类(丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮)及水溶性的丹参酸类(丹酚酸B).按2005年版<中国药典>这2种成分,作为药材丹参的质量控制指标.本研究用反相高效液相色谱法测定该制剂中丹酚酸B和丹参酮ⅡA的含量.     

复方丹参片有效成分及药理作用的研究

复方丹参片由丹参、三七、冰片3味中药组成,其活性物质为脂溶性的丹参酮类和水溶性的丹酚酸类（包括丹参素、原儿茶醛）等成分。复方丹参片主要有抗心肌缺血缺氧、扩张冠脉、降压、减慢心率等作用,并有降血脂作用。本文主要探讨了复方丹参片的有效成分及药理作用。     

Improved quality control method for Danshen products--consideration of both hydrophilic and lipophilic active components

The current study intends to provide an improved quality control analysis for Danshen product-a representative herbal product with known active components that are both hydrophilic and lipophilic in nature. A simple HPLC method with photodiode-array (PDA) ultraviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of three major lipophilic components (cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA) and three major hydrophilic components (danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde and salvianolic acid B) of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza). These six components were successfully separated using Radial-pak C18 cartridge with the elution gradient consisting of 0.5% acetic acid in water and 0.5% acetic acid in acetonitrile at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The intra-day and inter-day precisions of the analysis were within 2.32 and 2.0%, respectively. The detection limits were 0.02, 0.01, 0.01, 0.05, 0.005 and 0.02 microg/ml for cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I, tanshinone IIA, danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde and salvianolic acid B, respectively. The developed method has been applied to the simultaneous determination of above six major components in Fufang Danshen Tablet and Dripping Pill products by extraction with methanol and water. It has been demonstrated that salvianolic acid B and danshensu are the major components among the eight commercial Fufang Danshen products studied. The current developed method with methanol as extraction solvent provides a simple and efficient method for simultaneous detection of both lipophilic and hydrophilic major components in Danshen products.     

Effects of the coexisting diterpenoid tanshinones on the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone IIA in rat

Tanshinone II_A and cryptotanshinone are the main pharmacologically active components in the Chinese herb drug Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of coexisting tanshinones in liposoluble ethanol extract of S. miltiorrhiza Bge. on the rat pharmacokinetics of tanshinone II_A and cryptotanshinone after oral intra-gavage administration of the tanshinones extract. Rats were given the tanshinones extract 23.3 mg/kg (equivalent to 5.7 mg/kg cryptotanshinone and 8.0 mg/kg tanshinone II_A), cryptotanshinone 5.7 mg/kg, or tanshinone II_A 8.0 mg/kg orally under overnight fasted conditions. Blood samples were taken at predetermined sampling time interval and the concentrations of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were determined by a validated LC–MS/MS method. The peak plasma concentrations of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were considerably increased (about 8 and 10 folds) after oral administration of the extract in comparison with the equivalent dose of single component administration, respectively. The areas under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A were both significantly increased (P < 0.001) as well. Tanshinone II_A was also found after the administration of cryptotanshinone alone, and the fraction of metabolism of tanshinone II_A was 21.0 ± 4.1%. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of cryptotanshinone and tanshinone II_A in rats after administration of the tanshinones extract were significantly affected by the coexisting tanshinones. In conclusion, the herb-drug interactions occurred between coexisting tanshinones and cryptotanshinone or tanshinone II_A affected their absorption, transformation and metabolism.     

HPLC—UV／ESI—MS法分析丹参不同提取组分

目的对丹参4种不同组分进行HPLC-UV-MS分析，获得各组分的HPLC特征图谱并对各特征峰进行初步MS鉴定，同时定量测定指标成分丹参素、丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮的含量，以便更深入的探讨其在抗动脉粥样硬化作用的物质基础及谱效关系。方法采用Hedera ODS-2色谱柱（4．6min×250mm，5μm），0．5％甲酸水溶液-乙腈（0min，80：20；50min，15：85）梯度洗脱，流速：1．0mL·min^-1，检测波长：280nm，建立以上各组分的HPCL指纹图谱，同时对各特征峰进行离子范围为150-750正负源ESI-MS总离子扫描，对相应特征峰的特征离子进行鉴定，用分子离子检测模式（SIR）分别对丹参素、丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮进行定量测定。结果所得HPLC特征图的特征峰峰形尖锐、对称，均达到基线分离；14个特征峰经质谱鉴定，对照有关文献可初步确定其成分；丹参素、丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA和隐丹参酮分别在0．05-10．0、0．05-20．0、0．05-20、0．05-20μg·mL^-1与峰面积呈良好的线性关系（r≥0．9998），平均加样回收率分别为98．1％、99．0％、98．9％、99．5％。结论所得4种组分的HPLC特征图谱适合下一步的译效学及相关药理活性成分筛选研究；定量测定方法准确可靠，适合丹参药材中上述成分的含量测定；所建立的HPLC特征图谱能为丹参药材指纹图谱的建立提供依据。     

同种种苗异地栽培丹参质量比较研究

目的 对同种丹参种苗在不同地区栽培的丹参质量进行分析评价.方法 根据2015年版药典方法,采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC),对同种种苗异地栽培丹参的根、须根及地上部分茎、叶、花、花托6个部位的丹酚酸B、丹参酮类(丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、丹参酮I)进行含量测定.结果 同种种苗的含山栽培丹参中两类成分含量均略高于太和栽培丹参,丹参酮类在不同部位分布的含量为根>须根>花托>茎>叶>花,丹酚酸B则为根>须根>花>茎>花托>叶,丹参不同部位含量有较大差异,其中根和须根的含量均高于药典标准.结论 异地栽培的丹参脂溶性成分差异有统计学意义,含山产栽培丹参优于太和产;异地栽培的丹参水溶性成分丹参含量无差异;该实验为指导优质产区种苗的扩大种植提供参考依据.     

Effect of sodium caprate on the oral absorptions of danshensu and salvianolic acid B

The current study aims to investigate the effect of sodium caprate on the intestinal absorption and bioavailabilities of danshensu and salvianolic acid B, the major active components in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge (Danshen). Biopharmaceutics and pharmacokinetics properties of the two compounds have been characterized by in vitro, in situ models as well as in vivo in rats. Based on the identified biopharmaceutics characteristics of the two compounds, effect of sodium carparate as absorption enhancer on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of danshensu and salvianolic acid B in pure compound form as well as extract form were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. Both danshensu and salvianolic acid B demonstrated very limited intestinal permeabilities, leading to oral bioavailabilities of only 11.09% and 3.90% in rats, respectively. Results from both in vitro and in vivo studies consistently indicated that sodium caprate could significantly enhance intestinal permeabilities as well as the in vivo bioavailabilities of both danshensu and salvianolic acid B. The current findings not only identified the usefulness of sodium caprate for the improved delivery of Danshen product but also demonstrated the importance of biopharmaceutics characterization in the dosage form development of traditional Chinese medicine.     

隐丹参酮在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制

目的 研究隐丹参酮在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收机制。方法 用Caco-2细胞单层模型研究隐丹参酮的双向转运，并考察时间、药物浓度及抑制剂对隐丹参酮吸收的影响。用高效液相色谱法检测药物浓度，计算其表观渗透系数。结果 隐丹参酮在Caco-2细胞模型中，从单层细胞层顶端到基底端的转运大于基底端到顶端的转运，随时间和浓度的增加，药物吸收呈饱和趋势，且可被其结构类似物丹参酮Ⅱ。竞争性抑制。结论 隐丹参酮在Caco-2细胞模型中的吸收主要是由载体介导的主动转运，且该主动转运的载体位于Caco-2细胞单层的顶端。     

Enhancement of solubility and dissolution rate of cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA extracted from Salvia miltiorrhiza

Cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA are three major components in the extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with pharmacological significance. However, their effective utilization is limited due to poor water solubility and bioavailability. Solid dispersion (SD) of the extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza was prepared to enhance solubility and dissolution of the three major components. Various carriers were screened for SD preparation by conventional solvent method. Dissolution of the components from selected SD systems was compared with commercial tablets of the extract from Salvia miltiorrhiza. The solubility of three components viz., cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIA, after forming SD with either of povidone K-30 (PVP K-30) or poloxamer 407, exhibited enhanced solubility in pH 6.8 buffer. Dissolution test revealed that the amount of three components released was higher from SD tablets as compared to the commercial tablets. Pharmacokinetic profile was evaluated using cryptotanshinone as a representative compound. AUC of cryptotanshinone was significantly increased when administered as a solid dispersion.     

丹参种子中酚酸类成分及酮类成分的分析

目的测定丹参种子、丹参油、丹参种子饼中是否含有丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮以及含量。方法采用高效液相色谱法,对豫西丹参种子、丹参油、丹参种子饼中丹酚酸B、丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮进行了定性、定量分析。结果丹参种子、丹参种子饼中检出丹酚酸B,丹参油中未检出丹酚酸B,丹参种子、丹参种子饼及丹参油中均未检出丹参酮ⅡA、隐丹参酮、二氢丹参酮。结论丹参种子及其加工品中含有丹参根及根茎中的丹酚酸B成分,为合理利用新资源提供了依据。