2-苯基-1-丁醇与2-二甲氨基-2-苯基丁腈的合成

目的为马来酸曲美布汀的重要中间体2-二甲氨基-2-苯基-1-丁醇的合成奠定基础。方法苯乙腈与溴乙烷进行烃化反应得2-苯基-1-丁腈,所得产物经水解得2-苯基-1-丁酸,然后通过硼氢化钠-碘体系还原得2-苯基-1-丁醇;苯乙腈与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺进行卤代反应得溴代苯乙腈,所得产物与二甲胺进行烃化反应得2-二甲氨基苯乙腈,然后与溴乙烷进行烃化反应得2-二甲氨基-2-苯基丁腈。结果合成了2-苯基-1-丁醇和2-二甲氨基-2-苯基丁腈,总收率为分别为51%和59.4%。目标产物的结构经核磁共振氢谱、质谱确证。结论本合成方法原料易得,操作简单,收率较高,适合于工业化生产。     

抗痛风药物febuxostat的合成

目的合成新型抗痛风药物febuxostat（1）。方法以羟基苯腈为原料，经硫代甲酰化得到对羟基硫代苯甲酰胺（3），3经环合得到2－（4－羟基苯基）－4－甲基－噻唑－5－羧酸乙酯（4），4与乌洛托品反应，得到中间体2－（3－甲酰基－4－羟基苯基）－4－甲基－噻唑－5－羧酸乙酯（5），之后再经醚化、氰化、水解得到目标产物（1）。结果与结论中间体及目标化合物的结构经^1H—NMR和FAB-MS确证。该合成路线中使用的原料和试剂价廉易得，反应条件温和易控，操作简便。     

1-[2-(N-甲基)氨基-2-(2,4-二氯苯基)乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑化合物的合成

目的：改进1－[2-（N－甲基）氨基－2－（2,4－二氯苯基）乙基]-1H-1,2,4-三唑的合成方法,降低成本,提高收率,方法：以2－氯－1－（2,4－二氯苯基）乙酮为原料,经三唑烷基化与甲胺反应生成酮亚胺后还原（A法）,或与N－甲基甲酰胺进行Leukart反应（B法）,结果：A和B两种方法制得目标化合物的收率分别为57．6％和63．2％。结论：A和B两种方法原料易得,反应简便,降低了成本,提高了收率。     

4-氟-α-(2-甲基-1-氧丙基)-γ-氧-N,β-二苯基-苯丁酰胺的合成

目的合成阿伐他汀的关键中间体4-氟-α-(2-甲基-1-氧丙基)-γ-氧-N,β-二苯基-苯丁酰胺(1).方法以异丁酸、苯甲酰氯、Meldrum酸、苯胺等为原料,经氯化、缩合和胺解反应得到异丁酰乙酰苯胺(4);以苯乙酸、氯化亚砜、氟苯、溴等为原料,经氯化、烃化和溴化反应得到2-溴-1-(4-氟苯基)-苯乙酮(7),化合物4与7经烃化反应得到目标产物1.结果与结论合成路线原料易得,操作简便,收率较高,各主要化合物结构经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证.     

受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂linifanib的合成

目的合成受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂linifanib。方法以2-氟-5-甲基苯胺为起始原料,经3步反应制得中间体Ⅳ．（4．硼酸频哪醇酯苯基）-N＇-（2-氟-5-甲基苯基）脲（5）;以2,6-二氯苯腈为起始原料,经关环反应制得另一中间体3-氨基-4-氯-吲唑（7）;中间体5和7经Suzuki偶联反应得到目标化合物linifanib。结果与结论目标化合物和中间体的结构经1H—NMR、MS谱确证,总收率为11．4％。     

洛索洛芬钠的合成新方法研究

目的 研究消炎镇痛药洛索洛芬钠的关键中间体2-(4-溴甲基）苯基丙酸的合成新方法。方法 以4-甲基苯乙酮为原料,经还原、氯化、氰化得到2-(4-甲基)苯基丙腈（Ⅲ）,然后经水解、溴化得到关键中间体 2-(4-溴甲基）苯基丙酸（Ⅴ）,该中间体再Ⅴ经过4步反应可制得洛索洛芬钠。结果与结论 关键中间体2-(4-溴甲基）苯基丙酸的结构经¹H-NMR、FT-IR、MS谱确证,目标化合物的总收率为38%。该工艺路线具有原料易得,操作简便,副产物少、收率高的特点,适合于工业化生产。     

2-（6-氯胡椒基）-3-[4-（2,6-二氯苄氧基）苯基]丙酸的合成

对羟基苯甲醛和2,6-二氯苄氯经O-烃化、Knoevenagel缩合、还原、C-烃化、水解脱羧反应得到具抗菌活性的2-(6-氯胡椒基)3-[4-(2,6-二氯苄氧基)苯基]丙酸.其中O-烃化在K2CO3作用下室温反应;Knoevenagel反应以三乙胺为催化剂、乙醇为溶剂,方便地获得中间体(Z)-3-[4-(2,6-二氯苄氧基)苯基]-2-氰基丙烯酸乙酯;还原反应中的原料和NaBH4为1:1摩尔量投料;总收率约65%(以对羟基苯甲醛计).     

N-[2-(4-甲氧基苯基)-1-甲基乙基]苄胺的制备

以1-（4-甲氧基苯基）丙酮-2和N-苄基甲酰胺为原料,采用“一锅法”,经N-苄基化、Leuckart反应和酸性水解制得福莫特罗的重要中间体N-[2-（4-甲氧基苯基）-1-甲基乙基]苄胺,总收率约46%。     

盐酸依福地平合成工艺改进

目的研究盐酸依福地平的合成工艺。方法以苯胺为原料，经4步反应制得中间体3-氨基-2-丁烯酸-2-（N-苄基N-苯基）-氨基乙酯（5）；以新戊二醇和间硝基苯甲醛为原料，经过4步反应制得中间体3-（5，5-二甲基-2-氧代-2-[1，3，2]二氧杂磷杂环己基）-4-（3-硝基苯基）-丁-3-烯-2-酮（9）；中间体5和9经环合、成盐反应制得盐酸依福地平。结果与结论目标化合物的结构经IR、MS和。H-NMR谱确证。改进后的工艺路线操作简便。总收率达39．5％，适合工业化生产。     

(1R,2S)-(-)-麻黄碱盐酸盐的合成

设计并实现了（1R，2s）-（-）-麻黄碱盐酸盐的一种不对称合成法，以2-溴-1-苯基-1-丙酮为起始原料，经（S’）-α-苯乙胺胺化、分离、KBH4立体选择性还原、Leuckan反应及钯炭脱苄等制得目标物，总收率约25％。     

对甲苯磺酸索拉非尼的合成

4-氯-3-三氟甲基苯胺(5)和氯甲酸苯酯反应得到[4-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]氨基甲酸苯酯(6),再和对氨基苯酚缩合得到N-[4-氯-3-(三氟甲基)苯基]-N-(4-羟基苯基)脲(7)。另用2-吡啶甲酸(2)经氯化、酰胺化得中间体N-甲基-(4-氯-2-吡啶基)甲酰胺(4)。4和7经亲核取代及成盐反应制得对甲苯磺酸索拉非尼,总收率约62%(以5计)。     

Synthesis, antitumor activity, and antiviral activity of 3-substituted 3-deazacytidines and 3-substituted 3-deazauridines

Novel 3-substituted analogues of 4-amino-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (3-deazacytidine, 3) and 4-hydroxy-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (3-deazauridine, 4) have been synthesized and tested for antitumor and antiviral activity. Thus the 3-chloro (9a), 3-bromo (9b), and 3-nitro (9c) analogues of 3 and the 3-chloro (9d), 3-bromo (9e), and 3-nitro (9f) analogues of 4 were prepared by standard glycosylating procedures. Novel requisite heterocycles 4-amino-3-chloro-2(1H)-pyridinone (7a) and 4-amino-3-bromo-2(1H)-pyridinone (7b) were prepared by halogenating 4-amino-2(1H)-pyridinone (5). Requisite heterocycles 4-amino-3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridinone (7c), 3-chloro-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (7d), 3-bromo-4-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (7e), and 4-hydroxy-3-nitro-2(1H)-pyridinone (7f) were synthesized by known procedures from 4-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone (6). Structure proof of target nucleosides was provided by independent synthesis, 1H NMR, and UV. Compounds 9a-f were devoid of activity against intraperitoneally implanted L1210 leukemia in mice. Compound 9f displayed significant activity against rhinovirus type 34 grown in WISH cells. 4-Amino-3-fluoro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-2(1H)-pyridinone (1) displayed good activity against intraperitoneally implanted P388 leukemia in mice, but it was devoid of activity against M5076 sarcoma, amelanotic (LOX) melanoma xenograft, and subrenal capsule human mammary carcinoma MX-1 xenograft in mice. Compound 1 also displayed significant activity against rhinovirus type 34.     

心血管系统药物异黄酮化合物的合成

在黄豆甙元化学结构的基础上,合成了一系列异黄酮衍生物。由相应的脱氧安息香与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺缩二甲醇环合而得相应的异黄酮或与醋酐醋酸钠环合而为2-甲基异黄酮,再进行Mannich反应和醚化而得目的物。初筛表明化合物Ⅰ_1～3,Ⅰ₅,Ⅱ₁,Ⅲ₂有明显耐缺氧作用。Ⅰ₁,Ⅰ₅还有显著的扩张冠脉作用。     

(S)-(-)-氨磺必利-D-(-)-酒石酸盐的合成

目的研究（S）-（-）-氨磺必利-D-（-）-酒石酸盐的制备方法。方法以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸为原料,经乙基化、氧化得4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-乙基磺酰基苯甲酸（4）,另由1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷经D-（-）-酒石酸拆分得S-（-）-1-乙基-2-氨甲基吡咯烷（6）,4与6缩合制得S-（-）-氨磺必利（7）,再与D-（-）-酒石酸成盐制得目标物S-（-）-氨磺必利-D-（-）-酒石酸盐（1）。总收率达25%（以4-氨基-2-甲氧基-5-巯基苯甲酸计算）。结果所得产物经元素分析,红外光谱、核磁共振谱及质谱确证了结构。结论本方法原料易得,反应条件温和,产品质量易控制。     

利奈唑胺的合成

(S)-环氧氯丙烷(2)用叠氮钠开环得到(S)-1-叠氮基-3-氯-2-丙醇(3);另用3,4-二氟硝基苯(4)经与吗啉反应后以铁粉还原硝基,再与氯甲酸乙酯反应得到N-[3-氟-4- (4-吗啉基)苯基]氨基甲酸乙酯(7).3和7经环合反应制得(S)-3-[3-氟-4- (4-吗啉基)苯基]-5-叠氮甲基-1,3-噁唑烷-2-酮后,再经水合肼还原、氨基乙酰化得到抗菌剂利奈唑胺,总收率约40％(以4计).     

Synthesis and biological investigations of new thiazolidinone and oxadiazoline coumarin derivatives

Ethyl (coumarin-4-oxy)acetate 1 was prepared through the reaction of 4-hydroxycoumarin with ethyl bromoacetate. Compound 1 was allowed to react with hydrazine hydrate to produce coumarin-4-oxyacetic hydrazide 2. The synthesis of N-(arylidene and alkylidene)-coumarin-4-oxyacetic hydrazones 3-20 was performed. The preparation of 2-substituted-3-[(coumarin-4-oxy) acetamido]thiazolidinones 21-26 and 2-[(coumarin-4-oxy)methyl]-4-acetyl-5-substituted-delta2-1,3,4-oxadiazolines 27-33 was performed by the reaction of the hydrazones 3, 4, 7, 9, 12, 14 with mercaptoacetic acid and the hydrazones 3, 4, 5, 7, 12, 15, 16 with acetic anhydride, respectively. The antiviral activities, cytotoxicities and structure-activity relationship (SAR) towards different microorganisms of the prepared compounds were studied.     

Synthesis and biological activity of a new cephalosporin, BMY-28232 and its prodrug-type esters for oral use

The synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7-[(Z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-hydroxyiminoacetamido]-3-[( Z)-1- propenyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (BMY-28232), its 3-alkenyl analogs (6 and 7) and O-substituted derivatives of the oxyimino moiety (10) are described, as well as the oral pharmacokinetics and in vivo activities of the 1-acetoxyethyl ester of BMY-28232 (BMY-28271) and its analogous esters (11). The 3-alkenyl groups were introduced by the Wittig reaction of the ylide (2) prepared from the 3-chloromethyl cephem (1) to afford the Z (main) and E (minor) isomers regarding the 3-side chain. The O-substituted derivatives (10) were prepared by 7-N-acylation of the 7-amino cephem (4a) with the corresponding O-substituted side chain acids (8). The prodrug esters (11) were prepared by esterification of BMY-28232 with an appropriate halide. BMY-28232 was the most active among the 3-alkenyl analogs tested against Gram-negative organisms and much more active than the O-substituted derivatives against Gram-positive bacteria. BMY-28271 showed good oral bioavailability (66%) and good in vivo efficacy in mice against infections of Staphylococcus aureus Smith (PD50, 0.68 mg/kg) and Escherichia coli Juhl (0.54 mg/kg).     

All eight possible mono-beta-D-glucosides of validoxylamine A. I. Preparation and structure determination.

Validamycin A is the major and most active compound among the validamycin complex. Since the site of beta-glucosidic attachment to validoxylamine A (1) was expected to affect the activity against the pathogenic fungus, Rhizoctonia solani, all eight possible mono-beta-D-glucosides of 1 were prepared. 2-O-, 4-O-, 4'-O-, and 7'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvalidoxylamine A (2, 4, 6 and 9, respectively) were prepared by microbial beta-glycosylation of 1 with strains of Rhodotorula sp. 7-O- and 6'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvalidoxylamine A (5a and 8a, respectively) were prepared semisynthetically through microbial formation of 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvalidamine (10), oxidation of the primary amine of 10 to a ketone, and coupling of the ketone derivative with valienamine, and through microbial formation of 6-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvalienamine (11), and coupling of 11 with (2R)-(2,4/3,5)-2,3,4-trihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylcyclohexanone (12), respectively. 3-O- and 5'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosylvalidoxylamine A (3a and 7a, respectively) were chemically synthesized.     

Studies on beta-lactam antibiotics. IX. Synthesis and biological activity of a new orally active cephalosporin, cefixime (FK027)

The synthesis and some biological properties of 7 beta-[(Z)-2-(2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino) acetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (3, FK027) are described. Diphenylmethyl 7-amino-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylate hydrochloride (8), the cephem precursor to FK027 was prepared from 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA) by two parallel routes differing primarily in the protection of the 7-amino group. Compound 8 was alternatively prepared from deacetylcephalosporin C sodium salt (DCCNa) with improved yields. Two pathways for the conversion of 8 to FK027 are provided. The new orally active cephalosporin, FK027, possesses a widely expanded antimicrobial activity and high stability to beta-lactamases.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new nitroimidazole derivatives

In this study, some new nitroimidazole derivatives were obtained from 2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)ethylamine dihydrochloride (4) and 1-(2-bromoethyl)-2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole (5), which were prepared using metronidazole. Compound 4 was reacted with arylisothiocyanates (6) to obtain 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-3-arylthioureas (7) and the latter with alpha-bromoacetophenones (8) to give 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-arylimino-4-aryl-4-thiazolines (9). Also 1-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-2-phenyl-4-arylideneimidazolin-5-ones (11) were prepared by reaction of 4 with 2-phenyl-4-arylidene-5-oxazolones (10). The reaction of the other starting material 5 with 5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (12) gave 3-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitroimidazol-1-yl)ethyl]-5-arylidenethiazolidin-2,4-dione (13) derivatives. Structural elucidation of the compounds was performed by IR, 1H-NMR and MASS spectroscopic data and elemental analysis results. Antimicrobial activities of the compounds were examined and moderate activity was obtained.