在不同饲料下人参对大鼠四氧嘧啶糖尿病的影响

我国古医书记载:人参能止消渴,治小便濒数、淋瀝。现在中医仍用含人参的复方治疗糖尿病。近藤治三郎和斋藤系平二氏曾分别报告朝鲜人参对肾上腺素所引起的高血糖有抑制作用。指出人参与胰岛素合用以治疗糖尿病,不但可以减少胰岛素用量,而且可使血糖降低的时间延长。王振綱和雷海鹏报告人参对犬的四氧嘧啶糖尿病有一定治疗作用。左箴等报告人参对雄大鼠四氧嘧啶糖尿病有一定有利影响。     

掌叶大黄多糖对高血糖小鼠及正常小鼠的降糖作用

目的:观察掌叶大黄多糖对正常和实验性高血糖小鼠血糖及胰岛素水平的影响。方法:采用四氧嘧啶及肾上腺素制备高血糖小鼠模型,大黄多糖连续灌胃10d后,测定各组小鼠血糖或胰岛素。结果:大黄多糖对四氧嘧啶及肾上腺素高血糖模型小鼠均有抑制作用,对正常小鼠血糖也有降低作用;同时可以提高四氧嘧啶模型小鼠血清胰岛素含量。结论:掌叶大黄多糖有明显降糖作用。     

人参多肽降血糖作用

人参多肽按50,100和200mg/kg的剂量给大鼠一次ⅳ或小鼠多次sc给药,能降低正常血糖和肝糖原,但对总血脂无明显影响。同时表明,对肾上腺、四氧密啶及葡萄糖所引起的高血糖均有抑制作用,并能增强肾上腺素对肝糖原的分解。     

13-甲基肉豆蔻酸对小鼠的调节血糖作用

目的 探讨13-甲基肉豆蔻酸的调节血糖作用及其可能机理。方法 小鼠连续5d灌胃给药,对小鼠腹腔注射葡萄糖或肾上腺素的高血糖模型的血糖影响试验。提取大鼠骨骼肌线粒体,在试管内研究药物对CPT—1酶活性影响。结果 13-MTD能降低小鼠注射葡萄糖及肾上腺素所致的高血糖,并有剂量依赖关系。对骨骼肌线粒体CPT—1酶有直接的抑制作用。结论 13-MTD对小鼠有降低血糖的作用,是骨骼肌线粒体CPT-1酶的抑制剂。     

朝鲜红参中的类胰岛素物质

关于人参根的药理研究很多,如Petkov报道口服人参根稀醇提取液可降低兔的血糖水平,Saito报道人参根可抑制由肾上腺素或高糖饮食诱发的高血糖。这些都说明人参根中含类胰岛素物质。作者在以前试验中发现类胰岛素物质之一为腺苷,还有一种是相对分子量小于1000 dalton的酸性物质。本实验将着重研究此酸性物质。由于类胰岛素物质具有抑制肾上腺素促进的脂解,促进脂肪细胞中以胰岛素为媒介的由葡萄糖合成脂肪的作用,所以作者用抗脂解活性和脂生成活性两个指标对红参根进行追踪分离:     

人参糖肽的降血糖作用(英文)

目的:研究人参糖肽降血糖作用。方法:观察人参糖肽对正常小鼠或家兔以及由四氧嘧啶和链尿菌素引起高血糖大鼠或小鼠的降血糖作用。血糖和肝糖元含量分别用显色剂邻甲苯胺和碘试剂呈色后,用分光光度计测定。结果:给正常小鼠ip或sc人参糖肽(50,100和200mg/kg)或按30和60mg/g剂量给正常家兔im人参糖肽,能明显降低正常动物的血糖和肝糖元,并且有剂量依赖关系;人参糖肽降血糖作用可持续16h;其次,人参糖肽对实验性高血糖动物也有明显的降血糖活性。结论:注射人参糖肽无论对正常动物还是高血糖动物都有明显的降低血糖和肝糖元作用。     

松麦胶囊降血糖作用的实验研究

目的:研究松麦胶囊的降血糖作用。方法:采用正常小鼠、肾上腺素性高血糖小鼠和四氧嘧啶性高血糖小鼠,观察松麦胶囊对正常小鼠和实验性高血糖小鼠血糖的影响。结果:松麦胶囊对正常小鼠血糖无明显影响,能降低肾上腺素和四氧嘧啶性高血糖小鼠的血糖。结论:松麦胶囊具有一定降血糖作用。     

复方三七浸膏对增强苯肾上腺素收缩大鼠的主动脉环和降低兔的血小板黏附性的作用机理

目的通过对大鼠胸主动脉环和新西兰兔血小板粘附性作用,以及测定其血浆一氧化氮(NO)、主动脉一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、原生型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和血小板一氧化氮(NO)的含量变化,探讨复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用和降低血小板粘附性的作用机制。方法观察复方三七浸膏对苯肾上腺素收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用和预加优降糖或普萘洛尔或去血管内皮后的作用;采用玻球法研究其血小板粘附性作用;硝酸还原酶法测定给予药物后大鼠血浆、主动脉和血小板的NO,及血管NOS、cNOS、iNOS的含量。结果复方三七浸膏能够增强苯肾上腺素引起离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩的作用,预加优降糖或普萘洛尔后增强苯肾上腺素收缩主动脉环的作用性质仍然不变,大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无收缩作用,反而引起舒张作用;复方三七浸膏高、低剂量组均能非常显著性降低血浆NO水平(P<0.001),高、低剂量组均显著性影响主动脉NO、NOS、cNOS和iNOS的含量;降低血小板粘附性,升高血小板NO的含量。结论复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用机制可能与降低血浆NO水平和主动脉NOS、cNOS、iNOS合成有关;其降低血小板粘附性可能与其促进血小板NO释放有关。     

复方三七浸膏对增强苯肾上腺素收缩大鼠的主动脉环和降低兔的血小板黏附性的作用机理

目的通过对大鼠胸主动脉环和新西兰兔血小板粘附性作用，以及测定其血浆一氧化氮（NO）、主动脉一氧化氮（NO）、一氧化氮合酶（NOS）、原生型一氧化氮合酶（cNOS）、诱生型一氧化氮合酶（iNOS）和血小板一氧化氮（NO）的含量变化，探讨复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用和降低血小板粘附性的作用机制．方法观察复方三七浸膏对苯肾上腺素收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用和预加优降糖或普萘洛尔或去血管内皮后的作用：采用玻球法研究其血小板粘附性作用；硝酸还原酶法测定给予药物后大鼠血浆、主动脉和血小板的NO，及血管NOS、cNOS、iNOS的含量。结果复方三七浸膏能够增强苯肾上腺素引起离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩的作用，预加优降糖或普萘洛尔后增强苯肾上腺素收缩主动脉环的作用性质仍然不变．大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无收缩作用，反而引起舒张作用：复方三七浸膏高、低剂量组均能非常显著性降低血浆NO水平（P〈0．001），高、低剂量组均显著性影响主动脉NO、NOS、cNOS和iNOS的含量；降低血小板粘附性，升高血小板NO的含量结论复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用机制可能与降低血浆NO水平和主动脉NOS、cNOS、iNOS合成有关；其降低血小板粘附性可能与其促进血小板NO释放有关，     

复方三七浸膏对增强苯肾上腺素收缩大鼠的主动脉环和降低兔的血小板黏附性的作用机理

目的通过对大鼠胸主动脉环和新西兰兔血小板粘附性作用,以及测定其血浆一氧化氮(NO)、主动脉一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、原生型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)和血小板一氧化氮(NO)的含量变化,探讨复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用和降低血小板粘附性的作用机制.方法观察复方三七浸膏对苯肾上腺素收缩离体大鼠胸主动脉环的作用和预加优降糖或普萘洛尔或去血管内皮后的作用;采用玻球法研究其血小板粘附性作用;硝酸还原酶法测定给予药物后大鼠血浆、主动脉和血小板的NO,及血管NOS、cNOS、iNOS的含量.结果复方三七浸膏能够增强苯肾上腺素引起离体大鼠胸主动脉环收缩的作用,预加优降糖或普萘洛尔后增强苯肾上腺素收缩主动脉环的作用性质仍然不变,大鼠胸主动脉环去内皮后药物无收缩作用,反而引起舒张作用;复方三七浸膏高、低剂量组均能非常显著性降低血浆NO水平(P<0.001),高、低剂量组均显著性影响主动脉NO、NOS、cNOS和iNOS的含量;降低血小板粘附性,升高血小板NO的含量.结论复方三七浸膏的增强收缩血管作用机制可能与降低血浆NO水平和主动脉NOS、cNOS、iNOS合成有关;其降低血小板粘附性可能与其促进血小板NO释放有关.     

The inhibitory effects of garlic and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Panax ginseng</Emphasis> extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 on the genotoxicity,biochemical, and histological changes induced by ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid in male rats

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is widely used in food and other industries to sequester metal ions and to prevent their disadvantageous effects. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the protective effect of Panax ginseng extract standardized with ginsenoside Rg3 (ginsenoside Rg3 content was 3.6% w/w, i.e., 36 μg/mg P. ginseng extract) and garlic against EDTA-induced biochemical, genotoxic, and histological changes in rats. Forty male rats were divided into eight treatment groups and treated for 7 days as follows: the control group, the group treated with EDTA (20 mg/kg b.w) and the groups treated with P. ginseng extract (20 mg/kg b.w), garlic (5 mg/kg b.w), P. ginseng plus garlic alone or in combination with EDTA. In vivo bone marrow micronucleus test and random amplified polymorphism DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR) method were performed to assess the antigenotoxic effect of both protective agents. The results indicated that EDTA administration caused a significant decrease in the serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes activity. The administration also increased lipid peroxidation and the incidence of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MnPCEs), caused appearance of some changes in polymorphism band patterns, and induced different histopathological lesions in the livers, kidneys, and testis. Treatment with P. ginseng, garlic alone or plus EDTA significantly improved all the tested parameters. Moreover, P. ginseng extract was found to be more effective than garlic in restoring the parameters that were altered by EDTA.     

Antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of tubers of Dioscorea alata in alloxan induced diabetic rats

Objective:

To evaluate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic extract of Dioscorea alata in glucose loaded and alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:

The authenticated tubers of D. alata (DA) (JSSCPDP/2008/157) were collected from Dharmapuri, Tamil Nadu. The ethanol extract was tested for hypoglycemic activity in normal rats. In oral glucose tolerance test, glucose (3 g/kg, p.o.) was administered to non diabetic control, metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.) and DA extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) to treat treated rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced by alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, i.p.) in physiological saline after overnight fasting for 18 hours. DA extract (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) and standard drug metformin (250 mg/kg, p.o.) were administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose level and changes in body weight were measured on days 0, 7, 14, and 21. At the end of 21^st day, serum lipid profile, total protein, albumin, and creatinine were assessed.

Results:

In glucose loaded normal rats, the treatment with the extract of DA had shown a highly significant reduction (P < 0.001) in blood glucose levels at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The extract did not produce hypoglycemic activity at both the dose levels in normal, fasted rats. In alloxan induced diabetic rats, the body weight of the DA extract treated animals had shown a significant increase (P < 0.001) after 21 days treatment. The blood glucose level was reduced significantly by 47.48% and 52.09% after 21 days treatment at dose levels 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Serum lipid levels, total protein, albumin, and creatinine were reversed toward near normal in treated rats as compared to diabetic control.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that ethanol extract of DA tubers possesses significant antidiabetic activity.     

Prior cadmium exposure improves glucoregulation in diabetic rats but exacerbates effects on metabolic dysregulation, oxidative stress, and hepatic and renal toxicity

The present study was taken up to assess the role of subchronic exposure to an environmentally relevant dosage of cadmium in type l diabetes. Female rats of the Wistar strain were treated with cadmium (5.12?mg/kg body weight) for 45 days. On day 46, rats were made diabetic by alloxan. After 7 days, diabetes (i.e., animals with serum glucose greater than 300?mg/dL) in the alloxanized animals was confirmed and further experiments were conducted for 15 days. Cadmium pretreatment showed disturbed glucose homeostasis with attendant changes in carbohydrate metabolism, coupled with decrease in food and water intake. Disturbance in carbohydrate metabolism was indicated by altered tissue metabolite load, as marked by a decrease in protein and glycogen contents and increased cholesterol store. Poor glucose clearance subsequent to a glucose challenge under the glucose tolerance test was observed in these animals (0.48/min in control vs. 0.13/min in Cd animals). There was a significantly lower glucose elevation rate in the insulin response test subsequent to an insulin-induced decrease in glucose level in Cd-exposed animals. Elevated oxidative stress was marked by increased lipid peroxidation, decreased antioxidant (both nonenzymatic and enzymatic) levels, and serum markers of hepatic and renal damage. Decreased corticosterone levels, together with increased E2 and reduced P4 levels, were some of the hallmark changes in the serum hormone profile of Cd-exposed animals. Overall, the present results are novel and interesting to open more investigations on animal models of type 1 diabetes with a history of previous Cd exposure.     

Hypoglycemic effect of aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats

Objectives:

To study the effects of Parthenium hysterophorus L. flower on serum glucose level in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods:

Albino rats were divided into six groups of six animals each, three groups of normal animals receiving different treatments consisting of vehicle, aqueous extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. flower (100 mg/kg) and the standard antidiabetic drug, glibenclamide (0.5 mg/kg). The same treatment was given to the other three groups comprising alloxan induced diabetic animals. Fasting blood glucose level was estimated using the glucose oxidase method in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats, before and 2 h after the administration of drugs.

Results:

Parthenium hysterophorus L. showed significant reduction in blood glucose level in the diabetic (P<0.01) rats. However, the reduction in blood glucose level with aqueous extract was less than with the standard drug glibenclamide. The extract showed less hypoglycemic effect in fasted normal rats, (P<0.05).

Conclusion:

The study reveals that the active fraction of Parthenium hysterophorus L. flower extract is very promising for developing standardized phytomedicine for diabetes mellitus.     

薏苡仁多糖对四氧嘧啶致大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤的保护作用

目的　观察薏苡仁多糖 (coixan)对四氧嘧啶 (allox an)诱导大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤的影响。 方法　①测定ipcoix an(5 0、10 0mg·kg-1)前后正常大鼠血糖及血清胰岛素水平。②给大鼠预先ipcoixan(2 5、5 0、10 0mg·kg-1)或蒸馏水 ,3h后再尾静脉iv四氧嘧啶 (5 0mg·kg-1) ,48h后测定大鼠SOD水平、糖耐量 ,并进行胰岛 β细胞的形态学观察。 结果　①coixan能降低正常大鼠血糖 ,对血清胰岛素无影响 (P >0 0 5 ) ;②coixan(10 0mg·kg-1)可完全预防alloxan引发的糖尿病 ,预防组血糖值及糖耐量曲线下面积明显低于alloxan组 ,血SOD活性高于alloxan组 ,胰岛 β细胞形态学观察显示预防组胰岛β细胞数目及胰岛素分泌颗粒均与正常大鼠胰岛相同 ,无形态学改变。结论　coixan对alloxan致大鼠胰岛β细胞损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

Ginsenoside Rb3 ameliorates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats

Context: Panax ginseng C. A. Mey (Araliaceae) has been widely used in clinic for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. Ginsenoside Rb3 is the main chemical component of Panax ginseng.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ginsenoside Rb3 on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.

Methods: Sprague–Dawley rats were orally treated with Rb3 (5, 10 or 20?mg/kg) daily for 3 days followed by subjecting to left anterior descending coronary artery ligation for 30?min and reperfusion for 24?h.

Results: This study showed that ginsenoside Rb3 treatment resulted in a reduction in myocardial infarct size. Ginsenoside Rb3 significantly attenuated the changes of creatine kinase activity and lactate dehydrogenase activity. The cardioprotective effect of ginsenoside Rb3 was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Ginsenoside Rb3 alleviated the increase of malondialdehyde content and the decrease of superoxide dismutase activity in left ventricle. Treatment with ginsenoside Rb3 also decreased plasma endothelin and angiotensin II levels.

Conclusion: These findings suggested that ginsenoside Rb3 possesses the effect against myocardial IR injury and the underlying mechanism is related to its antioxidant activity and microcirculatory improvement.     

重组人胰高血糖素类多肽-1(7-36)对化学致糖尿病模型动物的降血糖作用

目的　本文研究了重组人胰高血糖素类多肽 1(7 36 )[rhGLP 1(7 36 ) ]对化学所致糖尿病模型动物的降血糖和促胰岛素分泌作用。方法　对四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠及链脲霉素型糖尿病大鼠皮下注射不同剂量的rhGLP 1,分别于给药 4天后采血 ,收取血清 ,测定血糖及胰岛素值。结果　四氧嘧啶型糖尿病小鼠皮下注射 4 0、80 μg·kg-1rhGLP 1后 ,血糖值显著下降 (P <0 0 1) ,而 2 0 μg·kg-1剂量组则无显著性改变 ;链脲霉素型糖尿病大鼠皮下注射 2 8、5 6 μg·kg-1rhGLP 1后 ,血糖值显著下降 (P <0 0 5、P <0 0 1) ,而 14 μg·kg-1剂量组则无显著性改变。结论　rhGLP 1对实验动物部分 β细胞破坏的胰岛仍有促分泌胰岛素及降糖作用     

苍耳子的有毒成分及其药理作用

蒼耳(Xanthium strumarium L.)是菊科植物,别名野茄子、敞子、老蒼子(东北)及刺儿棵(河南)等,我国各地都有野生。蒼耳的果实名蒼耳子,是一味常用中药,內含油約39％,蒼耳甙(xanthostrumarin)1.27％,此外尚含树脂、生物碱和丙种維生素等。儿童与家畜誤食蒼耳的果实或幼苗可以中毒死亡。为了寻找蒼耳子的毒性成分,我所植物化学室侯翠英等将蒼耳子仁脫脂,制成水浸剂,并从中提出一种蛋白貭及一种黃白色結晶状具有甙类性貭的物貭(含葡萄糖及鼠李糖),后者暫名为AA_2。我們比較了蒼耳子油、蒼耳子水浸剂、蒼耳子蛋白及AA_2的毒性,并观察了AA_2的一些药理作用。