布鲁生对小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响

目的：观察镇痛有效剂量的布鲁生（ＲＵ）对正常小鼠及Ｃｙｃ所致免疫低下小鼠非特异免疫功能的影响。方法：测定小鼠碳粒廓清能力、免疫器官重量及外周血ＷＢＣ，小鼠ＰＭΦ吞饮中性红及产生ＩＬ－１能力。结果：测定小鼠碳粒廓清能力、免疫器官重量及外周血ＷＢＣ，小鼠ＰＭΦ吞饮中性红及产生ＩＬ－１能力。结果：Ｂｒｕ对正常鼠碳粒廓清能力、免疫器官重量、外周血ＷＢＣ、ＰＭΦ吞噬功能及产生ＩＬ－１能力仅有轻微促进作用（Ｐ     

马钱子碱对小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响

目的　观察镇痛剂量的马钱子碱（ Ｂｒｕ） 对小鼠淋巴细胞功能的影响。方法　测定绵羊红细胞（ Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ Ｃ） 致敏小鼠血清溶血素及脾抗体分泌细胞（ Ａ Ｆ Ｃ） 水平, 二硝基氯苯（ Ｄ Ｎ Ｃ Ｂ） 所致小鼠迟发性超敏反应（ Ｄ Ｔ Ｈ） ,以及丝裂原诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖和产生 Ｉ Ｌ ２ 能力。结果　 Ｂｒｕ（１０ 及２０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ ,ｉｐ 显著增强小鼠对 Ｄ Ｎ Ｃ Ｂ 的特异性细胞免疫反应,但５ ,１０ 及２０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ 不影响对 Ｓ Ｒ Ｂ Ｃ 的特异性体液免疫反应。对环磷酰胺（ Ｃｙｃ） 降低的上述反应,３ 个剂量的 Ｂｒｕ均有显著恢复作用（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ～００１） 。 Ｂｒｕ １０ ｍｇ·ｋｇ－ １ ｉｐ增强 Ｃｏｎ Ａ 及 Ｌ Ｐ Ｓ 诱导的脾淋巴细胞增殖（ Ｐ＜ ００５） ,对 Ｃｙｃ 所降低的脾淋巴细胞尤其 Ｔ 细胞增殖反应, Ｂｒｕ ５ ～２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ － １ 范围内均使其恢复（ Ｐ＜ ００５ ～００１） 。 Ｂｒｕ ０１ ～１００ ｍｇ· Ｌ－ １ 在体外对丝裂原诱导小鼠脾淋巴细胞产生 Ｉ Ｌ ２能力无明显影响。结论　镇痛有效剂量的 Ｂｒｕ 对小鼠淋巴细胞具有功能依赖性的免疫调节作用     

β-胡萝卜素对~(60)Co-γ辐射诱发的大鼠T-淋巴细胞次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶位点突变影响

目的：研究β胡萝卜素（βＣａｒ）对电离辐射诱导的突变的影响．方法：Ｔ淋巴细胞克隆检测法测定大鼠Ｔ淋巴细胞次黄嘌呤鸟嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶（ＨＧＰＲＴ）位点的突变率和硫代巴比妥酸（ＴＢＡ）法测定大鼠血丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）．结果：６０Ｃｏγ３７５Ｇｙ照射大鼠显著提高ＨＧＰＲＴ位点突变频率，ｉｇβＣａｒ１０和２０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１，突变频率明显降低（Ｐ＜００５），应用βＣａｒ５ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１变化不甚显著，表现一定的剂量依赖性，同时βＣａｒ也明显降低６０Ｃｏγ诱发的大鼠血中ＭＤＡ水平（Ｐ＜００５）．ＭＤＡ下降水平与ＨＧＰＲＴ位点突变频率降低呈明显正相关性（ｒ＝０９９７８，Ｐ＜００５）．结论：βＣａｒ具有抗电离辐射诱导的突变作用，且这一作用与其抗氧化作用有关．     

Effects of recombinant humanen dothelial-derived interleukin-8 on hemorhagic shock in rats

目的：研究重组人内皮细胞衍生的白细胞介素－８（ＩＬ８）对失血性休克的作用．方法：大鼠股动脉放血至ＭＡＢＰ５３２ｋＰａ，维持９０ｍｉｎ，复制晚期失血性休克模型．输血后，静脉注射ＩＬ８２５０μｇ·ｋｇ－１．放免法测定血浆ＥＴ１和６ＫＰＧＦ１α含量．结果：给予ＩＬ８后，ＭＡＢＰ显著提高，休克状态改善，２ｈ存活率相应提高；休克晚期血浆ＥＴ１水平比正常明显升高（２１±４ｖｓ８２±１８ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ＜００１），血浆６ＫＰＧＦ１α含量明显降低（１０７±１２ｖｓ１５７±１１ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ＜００１）．ＩＬ８显著降低血浆ＥＴ１水平（１０±４ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ＜００１），提高血浆６ＫＰＧＦ１α含量（３６８±１６ｎｇ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ＜００１）．结论：ＩＬ８具有较好的抗休克作用．     

白三烯类化合物(Leukotrienes)对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞生成白细胞介素6的影响

探讨了白三烯Ｂ４（ＬＴＢ４）、白三烯Ｃ４（ＬＴＣ４）及白三烯Ｄ４（ＬＴＤ４）对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌白细胞介素６（ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ６，ＩＬ６）的影响。用ＩＬ６依赖细胞株Ｂ９的ＭＴＴ方法测定样品中ＩＬ６的含量。结果显示，ＬＴＢ４能剂量依赖性地增加巨噬细胞培养上清液中ＩＬ６的含量。ＬＴＣ４及ＬＴＤ４促进巨噬细胞培养上清液中ＩＬ６含量的最适浓度分别为：６９×１０－８和８０５×１０－８ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１。结果提示：ＬＴＢ４与ＬＴＣ４及ＬＴＤ４在某些生物学功能方面有一致性。与ＬＴＣ４及ＬＴＤ４相比，ＬＴＢ４促进巨噬细胞培养上清液中ＩＬ６的含量的最适浓度则要大１～２个数量级，提示在炎症反应中，肽白三烯与ＩＬ６的相关性较强。     

Detection of DNA damage in peripheral lymphocytes by 7 compounds using comet assay

目的：检测过氧化氢（Ｈ２Ｏ２）、甲磺酸乙酯（ＥＭＳ）、丝裂霉素Ｃ（ＭＭＣ）、二甲基亚硝胺（ＤＭＮＡ）、苯并（ａ）芘（ＢａＰ）、２氨基芴（２ＡＦ）和环磷酰胺（ＣＰ）诱发小鼠、大鼠及人外周血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ单链断裂．方法：体外单细胞微量凝胶碱性电泳试验（慧星试验）．结果：除ＥＭＳ０９７ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１在小鼠淋巴细胞，ＭＭＣ３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１在小鼠、人淋巴细胞中呈阴性外，其余均为阳性．最低可检测浓度分别为Ｈ２Ｏ２１μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＥＭＳ０４８ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＢａＰ５０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＣＰ２０ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＭＭＣ１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，ＤＭＮＡ２７３ｍｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，２ＡＦ６２５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１．ＣＰ、ＢａＰ、２ＡＦ需经Ｓ９Ｍｉｘ代谢活化才显示毒性．结论：彗星试验检测出ＭＭＣ诱导大鼠，ＥＭＳ诱导大鼠和人，以及Ｈ２Ｏ２、ＤＭＮＡ、ＢａＰ、ＣＰ和２ＡＦ诱导小鼠、大鼠和人外周血淋巴细胞ＤＮＡ单链断裂损伤．     

卡托普利和依那普利拉对分离的大鼠心肌细胞内游离Ca~（2＋）浓度的影响

目的：研究转换酶抑制剂卡托普利（Ｃａｐ）和依那普利拉（Ｅｎａ）对ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度的影响．方法：用荧光探针Ｆｕｒａ２ＡＭ结合计算机图象处理技术测定分离心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度．结果：ＳＨＲ心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（１７４±５ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）较ＷＫＹ大鼠（１４８±１５ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）高（Ｐ＜００１）．Ｃａｐ和Ｅｎａ能明显降低ＳＨＲ心肌细胞内游离Ｃａ２＋浓度（分别为１６１±１１和１６６±７ｎｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，Ｐ分别＜００５），但对ＷＫＹ的无影响（Ｐ＞００５）．两药均能明显降低ＮＥ和ＡｎｇＩ引起的ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠心肌细胞内Ｃａ２＋升高，同时也能明显降低ＫＣｌ引起的ＳＨＲ细胞内Ｃａ２＋升高（Ｐ＜００５），但对ＷＫＹ大鼠的无明显影响（Ｐ＞００５）．结论：Ｃａｐ和Ｅｎａ对病理性电压依赖性Ｃａ２＋通道有直接抑制作用．     

Inhibitory effects of copper-aspirin complex on platelet aggregation

目的：研究阿司匹林铜（ＣｕＡｓｐ）对血小板聚集性的影响及其机制．方法：用Ｂｏｒｎ氏法测定ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板聚集性的影响．用荧光光度法和放射免疫法观察ＣｕＡｓｐ对兔血小板５羟色胺的释放和ＴＸＢ２的产生及血浆中ＴＸＢ２和６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α水平的影响．结果：ＣｕＡｓｐ体外呈浓度依赖性抑制花生四烯酸（ＡＡ）诱导的血小板聚集和５羟色胺的释放（ＩＣ５０分别为１７和１９μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１，９５％可信限为９－３３和１０－３０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１），且抑制ＴＸＢ２的产生（Ｐ＜００５）．ＣｕＡｓｐ１０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１灌胃选择性抑制ＡＡ诱导聚集．降低血浆ＴＸＢ２，同时升高６ｋｅｔｏＰＧＦ１α的水平（Ｐ＜００５）．结论：ＣｕＡｓｐ体内外均有比Ａｓｐ更强的抗血小板聚集作用．     

Drug dependence and abuse potential of tramadol 1

目的：在２１９例有曲马朵滥用史的阿片成瘾者中评价曲马朵的药物依赖性和滥用潜力．方法：采用阿片戒断症状量表（ＯＷＳ）评价曲马朵身体依赖性;采用中文成瘾研究中心问卷（ＡＲＣＩＣＶ）评价曲马朵精神依赖性;采用视觉类比量表（ＶＡＳ）评价曲马朵的渴求程度．结果：曲马朵ＯＷＳ各项戒断症状分值为００５－１０７;ＡＲＣＩ测量药物欣快效应的ＭＢＧ分量表,测量镇静效应的ＰＣＡＧ分量表和测量拟精神病效应的ＬＳＤ分量表的平均值分别是７３,６１和３４（Ｆ＝３８１２,Ｐ＜００１）;５７１％的曲马朵滥用者对曲马朵有不同程度的渴求（χ２＝７５８６,Ｐ＜００１）．结论：曲马朵在阿片成瘾者中具有较高滥用潜力．     

Measurement of biological activity of somatotropin in hypophysectomized rats

目的：建立测定生长激素（ＧＨ）在体生物活性的方法．方法：以去垂体大鼠体重增长（ＢＷＧ）和胫骨骺软骨板宽度（ＴＥＷ）为指标，观察动物性别、给药途径、次数和周期不同对效应的影响；同时进行４ｄＢＷＧ，６ｄＢＷＧ和６ｄＴＥＷ法，测定ＧＨ的效价（平行线３×３设计）．结果：♀和♂ｓｃ和ｉｍ给药以及每日给药１次和２次的ＢＷＧ和ＴＥＷ差异无显著意义．给药６ｄ比给药４ｄ引起较大的ＢＷＧ和ＴＥＷ（Ｐ＜００５）．４ｄＢＷＧ法和６ｄＢＷＧ法在００２０－０５００ＩＵ·ｄ－１有较好的λ值（００６６０和０１７４７）和ｒ值（０９０００和０９２３７）；４ｄＢＷＧ，６ｄＢＷＧ和６ｄＴＥＷ法测得ｒｈＧＨ的效价为４６１３２，３９８２９和４８０２３ＩＵ／ａｍｐ．６ｄＢＷＧ法有较小的λ值和较低的ＡＲＦＬ值．结论：可在同一组去垂体大鼠体内同时用４ｄＢＷＧ，６ｄＢＷＧ和６ｄＴＥＷ法测ＧＨ活性，以６ｄＢＷＧ法较好．     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.     

Gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence among men and women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders

This study explored gender-related symptoms and correlates of alcohol dependence in a crosssectional study of 150 men and 150 women with a lifetime diagnosis of alcohol use disorders (AUD). Participants were recruited in equal numbers from treatment settings, correctional centres and the general community. Standardized measures were used to determine participants' use of substances, history of psychiatric disorders and psychosocial stress, their sensation seeking and family history of substance use and mental health disorders. Multivariate analyses were used to detect patterns of variables associated with gender and the lifetime severity of AUD. Men had a longer history of severe AUD than women. Women had similar levels of alcohol dependence and medical and psychological sequelae as men, despite 6 fewer years of AUD. More women than men had a history of severe psychosocial stress, severe dependence on other substances and antecedent mental health problems, especially mood and anxiety disorders. There were differences in family history of alcohol-related problems approximating same-gender aggregation. The severity of a lifetime AUD was predicted by its earlier age at onset and the occurrence of other disorders, especially anxiety, among both men and women. The limitations in the generalizability of these findings due to sample idiosyncrasies are discussed.     

Biochemical and molecular characterisation of cubozoan protein toxins

Class Cubozoa includes several species of box jellyfish that are harmful to humans. The venoms of box jellyfish are stored and discharged by nematocysts and contain a variety of bioactive proteins that are cytolytic, cytotoxic, inflammatory or lethal. Although cubozoan venoms generally share similar biological activities, the diverse range and severity of effects caused by different species indicate that their venoms vary in protein composition, activity and potency. To date, few individual venom proteins have been thoroughly characterised, however, accumulating evidence suggests that cubozoan jellyfish produce at least one group of homologous bioactive proteins that are labile, basic, haemolytic and similar in molecular mass (42-46 kDa). The novel box jellyfish toxins are also potentially lethal and the cause of cutaneous pain, inflammation and necrosis, similar to that observed in envenomed humans. Secondary structure analysis and remote protein homology predictions suggest that the box jellyfish toxins may act as α-pore-forming toxins. However, more research is required to elucidate their structures and investigate their mechanism(s) of action. The biological, biochemical and molecular characteristics of cubozoan venoms and their bioactive protein components are reviewed, with particular focus on cubozoan cytolysins and the newly emerging family of box jellyfish toxins.     

Dose tolerability of chronically inhaled voriconazole solution in rodents

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) is a fungal disease of the lung associated with high mortality rates in immunosuppressed patients despite treatment. Targeted drug delivery of aqueous voriconazole solutions has been shown in previous studies to produce high tissue and plasma drug concentrations as well as improved survival in a murine model of IPA. In the present study, rats were exposed to 20 min nebulizations of normal saline (control group) or aerosolized aqueous solutions of voriconazole at 15.625 mg (low dose group) or 31.25 mg (high dose group). Peak voriconazole concentrations in rat lung tissue and plasma after 3 days of twice daily dosing in the high dose group were 0.85 ± 0.63 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.58 ± 0.30 μg/mL, with low dose group lung and plasma concentrations of 0.38 ± 0.01 μg/g wet lung weight and 0.09 ± 0.06 μg/mL, respectively. Trough plasma concentrations were low but demonstrated some drug accumulation over 21 days of inhaled voriconazole administered twice daily. Following multiple inhaled doses, statistically significant but clinically irrelevant abnormalities in laboratory values were observed. Histopathology also revealed an increase in the number of alveolar macrophages but without inflammation or ulceration of the airway, interstitial changes, or edema. Inhaled voriconazole was well tolerated in a rat model of drug inhalation.