枸杞多糖免疫调节作用机制研究进展

枸杞子是传统的名贵补益中药,具有"滋阴补血、益精明目"之功效.枸杞多糖是其中的主要生物活性成分,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等多种生物学作用.近年来,随着植物化学分离纯化技术的不断改进,枸杞多糖得到了进一步的分离和纯化,因此其免疫作用的分子机制如其作用的靶细胞、信号转导途径等研究取得了较明显进展.     

枸杞多糖对肝癌Hca-F 荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤作用及其机制

目的研究枸杞多糖（LBP）对小鼠Hca-F肝癌的生长抑制作用及机制。方法建立小鼠Hca-F肝癌模型,腹腔注射不同浓度的枸杞多糖连续10d。称重检测枸杞多糖对肿瘤生长、脾脏和胸腺指数的影响;采用MTT法、ELISA法分析枸杞多糖对荷瘤小鼠脾巨噬细胞的吞噬活性、细胞因子分泌等免疫指标的影响。结果枸杞多糖对小鼠实体瘤生长具有抑制作用,枸杞多糖40mg·kg^-1与对照组相比有显著差异（P〈0.05）;实验组小鼠脾指数和胸腺指数均高于对照组。枸杞多糖40mg·kg^-1即可明显促进IL-2的产生,降低VEGF蛋白的表达。结论枸杞多糖对Hca-F肝癌小鼠肿瘤生长有抑制作用,可能与提高荷瘤小鼠细胞和分子免疫活性有关。     

枸杞多糖对外周血单核细胞激活作用

目的:探讨枸杞多糖对外周血单核细胞是否具有激活作用。方法:贴壁法分离培养外周血单核细胞并进行鉴定。应用中性红实验检测枸杞多糖对单核细胞吞噬作用;用非特异性酯酶染色及电镜技术检测枸杞多糖诱导单核细胞内溶酶体的改变;用0.312,1.250,5.000g.L-1枸杞多糖对体外培养的外周血单核细胞进行诱导培养12h,ELISA法测定单核细胞肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的表达。结果:枸杞多糖能增强单核细胞的吞噬作用,增加单核细胞胞质内溶酶体量,显著诱导单核细胞表达TNF-α和IL-6。结论:枸杞多糖对单核细胞具有激活作用。     

枸杞多糖药理作用与临床应用

枸杞多糖是枸杞子的主要有效成分,临床研究表明,枸杞多糖具有免疫促进和免疫调节、保肝、抗应激作用以及辐射防护等药理作用。鉴于枸杞多糖的多重药理作用,对其进行深入的研究和发掘,使其能够更好的在临床中得到应用,合理发挥其药理作用,对造福患者具有重要的意义。本文在介绍枸杞多糖各种药理作用的基础上,对枸杞多糖目前在临床上的主要应用进行了介绍,以期为枸杞多糖的进一步研究和应用提供参考。     

枸杞的免疫功能、降血糖作用研究进展

枸杞为医食同源常用药物,民间常用代茶饮、煲汤等,以滋补强壮身体.中医认为枸杞甘平质润,为滋补肝肾之药.适用于肝肾阴虚、腰膝酸软、消渴遗精等症.现代研究表明,枸杞及其多糖具有良好地免疫促进、延缓衰老、抗辐射损伤、降低血糖、降血脂、抗氧化以及促进肿瘤细胞凋亡等作用.现将有关枸杞免疫功能、降血糖作用研究资料概述如下.     

刺糖多糖免疫活性的初步研究

目的研究刺糖多糖对免疫抑制小鼠的免疫调节作用。方法采用水提醇沉法得刺糖多糖。建立免疫抑制小鼠动物模型,小鼠灌胃刺糖多糖,利用碳粒廓清实验测定非特异性免疫功能;血清溶血素实验反映抗体生成水平;测定血清中细胞因子的生成水平来评价刺糖多糖的免疫活性。结果刺糖多糖可以增强免疫抑制小鼠的碳粒廓清能力和血清溶血素水平,能够提升由环磷酰胺造成的免疫抑制小鼠血清中IL-2、IL-10的含量。结论刺糖多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能有促进作用。     

裙带菜多糖对人外周血淋巴细胞因子分泌的影响

目的分析裙带菜多糖对人外周血淋巴细胞亚群、细胞因子分泌的影响,探讨裙带菜多糖的免疫调节机制。方法用流式细胞术检测淋巴细胞亚群的变化,用酶联免疫方法测定裙带菜多糖作用后淋巴细胞培养上清中细胞因子的浓度。结果不同浓度的裙带菜多糖可使CD+8T细胞比例明显增加(P<0.01);并可使CD+4T细胞比率增加,但与阴性对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);裙带菜多糖对B细胞增殖反应无明显影响(P>0.05)。不同浓度的裙带菜多糖作用后,NK细胞比例明显增高(P<0.01),并呈浓度依赖性,可明显刺激外周血淋巴细胞产生白细胞介素-2(IL-2)(P<0.01),但对IL-6及IL-10的产生作用无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论裙带菜多糖可促进CD+8、NK细胞增殖,产生Th1类细胞因子发挥免疫调节作用。     

血红铆钉菇多糖对RAW264.7巨噬细胞免疫调节作用研究

目的 研究血红铆钉菇多糖对RAW264.7小鼠单核巨噬细胞的免疫调节作用。方法 将小鼠的巨噬细胞进行复苏培养,制备细胞悬液,设置空白对照组以及不同质量浓度的血红铆钉菇多糖（CRPS25-Ⅱ）组（1、20、40、80和160 μg/ml）。采用MTT法测定血红铆钉多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的细胞毒性;采用RT-PCR法检测血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7分泌免疫调节因子IL-6和TNF-α的影响;采用Western-blot法检测血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7的NF-κB信号通路中p-P65蛋白表达的影响。结果 实验证明血红铆钉菇多糖在1～160 μg/ml的范围内没有明显的细胞毒性,CRPS25-Ⅱ质量浓度在1～160 μg/ml可提高细胞因子的分泌量,从而促进细胞因子IL-6和TNF-α的mRNA表达;CRPS25-Ⅱ可促进p-P65蛋白的磷酸化,激活NF-κB信号通路从而促进细胞的免疫调节作用,1～160 μg/ml浓度范围内均可促进p-P65蛋白的增加,1～40 μg/ml呈上升趋势,40～160 μg/ml促进作用逐渐减弱。结论 血红铆钉菇多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞无毒性,且可以促进炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α的分泌以及激活NF-κB信号通路,从而起到免疫调节作用。     

文蛤多糖与文蛤提取物对小鼠免疫调节影响的比较研究

本文对文蛤多糖与文蛤提取物在小鼠免疫调节方面进行了比较研究。结果表明，小鼠灌服文蛤多糖与文蛤提取物，都可使免疫抑制状态下小鼠脾脏重量，外周血白细胞数以及巨噬细胞的吞噬功能显著增加，明显促进特异性抗体的恢复。对受环磷酰胺抑制的迟发型超敏反应(DTH)，具有明显上调作用，对受环磷酰胺所致过高的DTH反应，具有明显下调作用。在同等剂量下，文蛤多糖比之于文蛤提取物显示出更强的药效。提示文蛤多糖是文蛤提取物免疫作用的主要成分，且可能具有双向免疫调节功能。     

具有抗肿瘤活性的多糖及其作用机理研究概况

多糖广泛存在于动植物体内 ,其生理功能除了粘附和支持作用外 ,在细胞识别、信号传导、调控机体免疫功能以及控制细胞的迁移、增殖、分化、代谢等方面都有十分重要的作用。近几年 ,从植物、动物中提取的多糖 (polysaccharide)类药物的抗肿瘤作用引起了人们广泛的注意并对其作用机理研究 :发现多糖的抗肿瘤作用主要在于其能增强机体的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能 ,有的能直接作用于肿瘤细胞。1　主要的一些具有抗肿瘤作用的多糖1.1　枸杞多糖 (lyciumbarbarumpolysaccharides,LBP)枸杞子是茄科落叶灌木植物宁夏枸杞LyciumbarbarumL .和枸杞L .…     

Nachweis einiger Heilmittel in der Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit

Zusammenfassung Mittels Gaschromatographie und Dünschichtchromatographie wiesen die Autoren 11 Substanzen nach, welche durch Injektion oder nach Verabreichung per os in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit eindrangen. In ihrer Aufstellung konnten sie eine direkte Beziehung zwischen Struktur sowie chemischphysikalischen Eigenschaften der Substanz und ihrer Fähigkeit, aus dem Blut in die Kniegelenksynovialflüssigkeit einzudringen, nicht nachweisen, außer der Tatsache, daß Substanzen mit starker Affinität zu Eiweißstoffen erst in höheren Dosen nachweisbar waren.     

Synthesis,Cytotoxicity and Antileishmanial Activity of Some N-(2-(indol-3-yl)ethyl)-7-chloroquinolin-4-amines

We report herein the condensation of 4,7-dichloroquinoline (1) with tryptamine (2) and D-tryptophan methyl ester (3) . Hydrolysis of the methyl ester adduct (5) yielded the free acid (6) . The compounds were evaluated in vitro for activity against four different species of Leishmania promastigote forms and for cytotoxic activity against Kb and Vero cells. Compound (5) showed good activity against the Leishmania species tested, while all three compounds displayed moderate activity in both Kb and Vero cells.     

Emerging drugs for epilepsy

Epilepsy affects ≤ 1% of the world's population. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the mainstay of treatment, although more than a third of patients are not rendered seizure free with existing medications. Uncontrolled epilepsy is associated with increased mortality and physical injuries, and a range of psychosocial morbidities, posing a substantial economic burden on individuals and society. Limitations of the present AEDs include suboptimal efficacy and their association with a host of adverse reactions. Continued efforts are being made in drug development to overcome these shortcomings employing a range of strategies, including modification of the structure of existing drugs, targeting novel molecular substrates and non-mechanism-based drug screening of compounds in traditional and newer animal models. This article reviews the need for new treatments and discusses some of the emerging compounds that have entered clinical development. The ultimate goal is to develop novel agents that can prevent the occurrence of seizures and the progression of epilepsy in at risk individuals.     

盐酸达泊西汀中甲磺酸甲酯、甲磺酸乙酯及甲磺酸异丙酯的顶空毛细管GC-ECD法测定

建立了衍生化顶空毛细管气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(ECD)法测定盐酸达泊西汀中的甲磺酸甲酯(MMS)、甲磺酸乙酯(EMS)和甲磺酸异丙酯(IMS).应用碘化钠衍生技术,使用PW-5毛细管柱,载气为氮气,ECD检测,程序升温.MMS、EMS和IMS分别在0.03～0.30、0.05～0.50和0.05～0.50 μg/ml浓度范围内线性关系良好,平均回收率分别为63.5％、100.3％和96.2％,最低检测限分别为0.30、0.50和0.50 ng/ml.     

Lung disease and PKCs

The lung offers a rich opportunity for development of therapeutic strategies focused on isozymes of protein kinase C (PKCs). PKCs are important in many cellular responses in the lung, and existing therapies for pulmonary disorders are inadequate. The lung poses unique challenges as it interfaces with air and blood, contains a pulmonary and systemic circulation, and consists of many cell types. Key structures are bronchial and pulmonary vessels, branching airways, and distal air sacs defined by alveolar walls containing capillaries and interstitial space. The cellular composition of each vessel, airway, and alveolar wall is heterogeneous. Injurious environmental stimuli signal through PKCs and cause a variety of disorders. Edema formation and pulmonary hypertension (PHTN) result from derangements in endothelial, smooth muscle (SM), and/or adventitial fibroblast cell phenotype. Asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung cancer are characterized by distinctive pathological changes in airway epithelial, SM, and mucous-generating cells. Acute and chronic pneumonitis and fibrosis occur in the alveolar space and interstitium with type 2 pneumocytes and interstitial fibroblasts/myofibroblasts playing a prominent role. At each site, inflammatory, immune, and vascular progenitor cells contribute to the injury and repair process. Many strategies have been used to investigate PKCs in lung injury. Isolated organ preparations and whole animal studies are powerful approaches especially when genetically engineered mice are used. More analysis of PKC isozymes in normal and diseased human lung tissue and cells is needed to complement this work. Since opposing or counter-regulatory effects of selected PKCs in the same cell or tissue have been found, it may be desirable to target more than one PKC isozyme and potentially in different directions. Because multiple signaling pathways contribute to the key cellular responses important in lung biology, therapeutic strategies targeting PKCs may be more effective if combined with inhibitors of other pathways for additive or synergistic effect. Mechanisms that regulate PKC activity, including phosphorylation and interaction with isozyme-specific binding proteins, are also potential therapeutic targets. Key isotypes of PKC involved in lung pathophysiology are summarized and current and evolving therapeutic approaches to target them are identified.