DEN诱发大鼠肝癌模型的实验病理研究

目的：建立DEN肝癌模型并初步动态观察大鼠肝癌发生的病理形态演变过程。方法：用2‰DEN溶液灌喂诱发Wistar大鼠肝癌，病理常规HE染色动态观察。结果：病理学检查证实DEN成功诱发肝癌，诱癌率为87．17％（34／39），大鼠肝癌癌变过程大致经过肝细胞损伤期、肝细胞增生硬化期和肝细胞癌变期等三个时期，具有与人体肝癌相似的病变过程及病理学变化特征。结论：该肝癌模型可作为研究人类肝癌的一种理想的动物模型。     

间断给药DEN诱导大鼠肝癌模型建立及病理研究

目的:建立间断给药二乙基亚硝胺(Diethylmitrosamine,DEN)诱导SD大鼠肝癌模型,探讨与人类肝细胞癌相似的动物肝癌模型病理形态变化.方法:取体重为170～210g雄性SD大鼠63只,随机分为实验组(48只)和对照组(15只),实验组采用0.01%DEN溶液间断喂养SD大鼠诱发肝癌,对照组自由喂养,常规病理HE染色并动态观察肝癌发生的不同时相.结果:设立间断DEN给药诱导SD大鼠肝癌,病理证实大鼠肝癌为肝细胞癌.诱癌率88.9%(32/36),其末期成功率高,在整个诱癌过程中经历了肝细胞损伤再生→增生-硬化→癌变3个阶段.结论:该造模方法容易、诱癌成功率高、大鼠存活率高.同时,该肝癌模型可以作为研究人类肝癌发生、发展变化病理形态的一种理想动物模型.     

N-亚硝基二乙胺(DEN)诱导SD大鼠肝癌模型的研究

目的建立与人类的肝癌发生发展过程相似的动物模型,以便研究肝癌的发生发展过程。方法取体质量120~150 g雄性SD大鼠65只,适应环境1周后随机分为实验组(50只)和对照组(15只),实验组饮用含N-亚硝基二乙(DEN)(浓度为76 ppm)(以下简称DEN)的水连续6周后停药,改自由饮水3周,再继续饮用含DEN(76 ppm)的水至20周。对照组常规自由饮水。结果病理学检查证实DEN可诱发大鼠形成肝癌,14周后成癌率为66.7%(10/15),大鼠肝癌的癌变过程大致可分为肝炎期、肝硬化期和肝癌期三个发展阶段。结论饲以76 ppm剂量DEN可诱发大鼠肝癌模型的建立,可以为我们研究大鼠肝癌的发生发展过程提供可靠的动物模型。     

改进性DEN诱发大鼠肝癌模型的建立与病理形态学研究

目的 建立改进性二乙基亚硝胺(diethylnitrosamine, DEN)诱发大鼠原发性肝癌模型,探讨肝癌形成过程的病理变化特点.方法 用1‰DEN溶液间断喂养Wistar大鼠诱发肝癌,对大鼠肝脏不同诱癌阶段的病理变化和超微结构进行动态观察.结果 16周以后诱癌组大鼠成癌率为96%(24/25),大鼠肝癌癌变过程大致经过肝细胞损伤期、肝细胞增生硬化期和肝细胞癌变期等3个时期,不同时期肝细胞的核、核仁、细胞质内糖原以及细胞质内细胞器的病理形态学改变有一定规律,观察到肝细胞吞噬细胞现象.结论 该模型是动态研究肝癌发生的理想动物模型.诱癌间歇期不会改变DEN诱癌的进程.肝细胞癌变过程中存在自噬(autophagy)机制.     

间歇给药对DEN诱发大鼠肝癌模型的影响研究

目的 建立改良型DEN诱发大鼠肝癌模型,探讨肝细胞癌变过程中的超微结构变化特点.方法 用1‰DEN溶液喂养Wistar大鼠诱发肝癌,在诱癌过程中给予大鼠3周休息间歇期,对不同诱癌阶段大鼠肝脏的超微结构进行动态观察.结果 16周后诱癌组大鼠成癌率为96%(24/25),不同时期肝细胞核、核仁及胞质内细胞器的病理形态学改变有一定规律,观察到肝细胞吞噬细胞现象.结论 设立间歇期提高了大鼠诱癌末期的成活率,但没有延长DEN诱癌的进程.该模型是动态研究肝癌发生的理想动物模型.肝细胞在癌变过程中出现变性、异型、吞噬细胞、恶变成癌细胞等超微结构特征.     

改良法建立大鼠原发性肝癌变模型与病理形态学研究

目的 建立改进性二乙基亚硝胺(diethylnitrosamine,DEN)诱发大鼠原发性肝癌模型,探讨肝癌形成过程的病理变化特点.方法 用95μg/mL的DEN溶液间断喂养Wistar大鼠诱发肝癌,对大鼠肝脏不同诱癌阶段的病理变化和超微结构进行动态观察.结果 第18周末诱癌组大鼠成癌率为100%.肝癌前期以实质细胞较为广泛的核异常及透明样变性、水变性、胞浆嗜碱变明显.肝癌发生期以线粒体空泡化、出现脂滴、嵴部分断裂、肿胀、变形,内质网扩张明显.肝癌发生发展期以细胞核碎裂、染色质边集,细胞浆不均,线粒体固缩,内质网肿胀、部分脱颗粒;癌旁细胞线粒体肿胀,基质变淡透亮,基质颗粒消失和空泡变,粗面内质网增生活跃明显.结论 该模型是动态研究肝癌发生的理想动物模型.诱癌间歇期不会改变DEN诱癌的进程.不同时期肝细胞的核、核仁、细胞质内细胞器的病理形态学改变有一定规律.     

二乙基亚硝胺诱导建立Apc基因突变大鼠与F344大鼠肝癌模型的比较

目的 采用二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)在F344大鼠、Kyoto Apc Delta(KAD)大鼠体内诱发制备肝癌模型,并比较其优劣.方法 KAD大鼠25只,随机法分组,阴性对照组(5只)给予正常饮水;DEN造模组(20只)前5周饮水中添加40 μg/mL DEN,6～20周给予正常饮水;定期解剖大鼠,肉眼观察肝脏病变并取病变组织及癌旁组织制作病理切片.25只F344大鼠采用相同方法进行实验.结果 F344大鼠和KAD大鼠均可成功诱发肝癌,且肝癌发生病理过程与人类相似.造模16周时KAD大鼠就可见灰白色病灶点,3/4大鼠成瘤,平均病灶数为1.00士0.82个;造模20周时,KAD大鼠全部(4/4)成瘤,病灶数为3.50±1.29个;而F344大鼠迟至20周时才可观察到类似病灶,3/4大鼠成瘤,病灶数为1.25±0.96个.KAD大鼠的诱导成瘤性显著高于亲代F344大鼠(P＜0.05).结论 与亲代F344大鼠相比,抑癌基因Apc突变的KAD大鼠经DEN诱导更易发生肝癌,且该模型具有肝癌诱发时间短、相同诱导时间肝癌发生率高、诱发病灶数多等优点,是化学诱发制备肝癌动物模型的良好模式动物.     

二乙基亚硝胺诱导大鼠肝癌模型的建立及评价

目的：探讨二乙基亚硝胺诱发大鼠肝癌模型的方法。方法：选取体重150～200 g的雄性Wistar大鼠120只,随机分为建模组和对照组。建模组实验大鼠以25 mg/kg的剂量进行二乙基亚硝胺腹腔注射,每周3次,并喂饲含30%酪蛋白和0.05%苯巴比妥钠的饲料。对照组大鼠以建模组的剂量和注射频率用生理盐水进行腹腔注射。在实验第10～18周,每隔2周对实验大鼠肝脏的肿瘤发病情况进行影像检查,将检查结果为阳性的大鼠处死做解剖分析,检查结果为阴性的大鼠继续饲养。结果：在18周时诱癌成功率为76.67%,病理学结果显示,建模组实验大鼠肝脏的病变包括了肝细胞的损伤坏死期、增生硬化期和癌变期。结论：通过长时间多次小剂量二乙基亚硝胺腹腔注射的方法,成功建立了二乙基亚硝胺的大鼠肝癌模型,此模型是研究人体肝癌成因及发展的理想可靠的活体动物模型。     

Gankyrin蛋白在大鼠肝细胞癌变过程中的异常表达及意义

目的 探讨肝细胞癌变过程中Gankyrin蛋白的异常表达及其意义.方法 127只雄性Wistar大鼠分为对照组(20只)和实验组(107只),实验组大鼠用0.2%二乙基亚硝胺(diethylnitrosamine,DEN)诱导建立肝癌动物模型,应用免疫组化法检测大鼠肝脏在癌变及转移过程中Gankyrin蛋白的表达.结果 对照组中未见Gankyrin蛋白表达;实验组中,21例肝硬化中有3例Gankyrin蛋白过表达,68例未转移肝癌中有46例Gankyrin蛋白过表达,18例伴转移肝癌中有17例Gankyrin蛋白过表达.结论 Gankyfin蛋白的阳性表达率随病变程度的加重而逐渐升高,这提示Gankyrin蛋白在肝细胞癌形成过程中可能发挥重要的促癌作用,并可能促进了肝癌的转移和高侵袭性发展,其有可能成为肝细胞癌转移早期监测的参考指标.     

二乙基亚硝胺诱发兔肝癌研究

目的：建立二乙基亚硝胺(Diethylnitrosamine，DEN)诱发兔肝癌模型，获得兔肝细胞癌组织。方法：30只雄性日本大耳白兔，在1／6肝切除后，以20mg/L的DEN水溶液代替饮水4周，每周5d，此后将DEN的浓度降至10mg／L，直至濒死或触诊发现肝肿物。实验过程中每间隔2个月检测一次血清AST、ALT、γ—GT和AFP值，所有动物最终均进行解剖检查，可疑脏器做组织学检查。结果和结论：21只动物在给DEN后22个月内中毒死亡或濒死期处死，仅有1只动物于第22个月发现肝癌，5只存活至23个月的动物均诊断出肝癌，6例肝癌中，5例为高分化多发性肝细胞癌，1例为低分化肝细胞癌，3例发生肺转移，1例肾转移。所测血清指标与肝癌发生、发展未见明显相关性。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…