彩色多普勒超声在诊断乳腺肿块中的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒血流显像在诊断乳腺肿块中的应用价值。方法:对65例乳腺良恶性肿块的声像图及彩色多普勒血流进行回顾性分析。结果:超声检查可以确定乳腺肿块发生的部位、肿块的大小、乳腺肿块的声像图特点及肿块的血流分布特征、丰富程度、血流动力学参数值。结论:彩色多普勒超声作为无创的检查方法,可清晰显示肿块的二维声像图特点和血流特征,对乳腺肿块的鉴别具有重要临床应用价值。     

乳腺肿块的超声鉴别诊断研究

目的：探讨二维超声、彩色多普勒超声及能量多普勒超声在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的作用,提高超声检查对乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断符合率。方法：观察98例乳腺肿块的超声改变,与其病理诊断结果进行对照分析。结果：超声检查可以确定乳腺肿块发生的部位、肿块的大小、乳腺肿块的声像图特点及肿块的血流分布特征、丰富程度、血流动力学参数值。结论：彩色多普勒超声及能量多普勒超声与肿块的二维超声征象相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率。     

超声弹性成像与彩色能量多普勒在鉴别乳腺肿块中的临床应用

目的 探讨超声弹性成像与彩色能量多普勒在鉴别乳腺肿块良恶性中的应用价值.方法 72例乳腺肿块病人(87个病灶),术前经超声弹性成像及彩色能量多普勒超声检测,并给予相应评分,和术后病理结果对比分析.结果 彩色能量多普勒检测乳腺肿块恶性的阳性率高于超声弹性成像.结论 超声弹性成像能够依据乳腺肿块的相对硬度判断乳腺肿块的良恶性质,彩色能量多普勒依据乳腺肿块内的血流丰富程度判断其良恶性质,二者联合应用能够提高超声检查判断乳腺肿块良恶性的准确度.     

高频超声及彩色多普勒在乳腺肿块诊断和鉴别诊断中的应用

目的：分析乳腺良恶性肿块高频声像图和彩色多普勒血流特征并评价其在鉴别诊断方面的价值。方法：对108例乳腺肿块进行高频超声检查，然后用彩色多普勒观察肿块内部及周边血流情况，并根据其血流丰富程度分为0，Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅲ四个等级。结果：本组大多数良性肿块表现为形态规则，边界清楚，有完整包膜，后方无回声衰减，有侧方声影，彩色多普勒血流丰富程度0级＋I级为96．8％；而大多数恶性肿块表现为形态不规则，边界不清，内部回声不均匀，后方回声衰减，血流丰富程度Ⅱ级＋Ⅲ级为91．1％。结论：乳腺肿块的超声诊断应以高频声像图为基础，同时结合彩色多普勒血流丰富程度。     

彩色多普勒超声检查在乳腺肿块中的应用

目的探讨超声检查在乳腺肿块良恶性判断中的价值。方法回顾分析235例乳腺肿块的二维超声检查,结合彩色多普勒超声的血流特点,并与术后病理结果对比。结果良性肿块超声诊断符合率为93.1%,恶性肿块超声诊断符合率为94.7%。恶性肿块内彩色多普勒血流信号3级为主者66.7%,良性肿块内0～1级为主者占92.6%。结论超声检查乳腺肿块是一种简便无创伤的检查方法。根据乳腺肿块的声像图特征,结合彩色多普勒血流检测,可提高超声对乳腺肿块的诊断符合率。     

高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

目的 探讨良、恶性乳腺肿块的高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像的表现特征，提高超声对乳腺肿块的诊断水平。方法 对经手术病理证实的79例共83个乳腺肿块的高频超声及彩色多普勒血流特征进行回顾性对比分析。结果 良、恶性乳腺肿块在形态、边界、内部回声、砂粒样钙化、后方回声、侧方声影、纵横比等高频声像图方面及血流形态丰富程度、血流参数(Vmax-最大流速，RI-阻力指数)等彩色多普勒血流显像方面均有其表现特征，但亦有部分病例其超声表现有交叉现象，故应综合分析、判断，方能减少误诊率，提高诊断水平。结论 高频超声及彩色多普勒血流显像可以较准确地对乳腺肿块作出诊断及鉴别诊断,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

乳腺肿块的超声诊断

目的回顾性分析经手术病理证实的455例乳腺肿块的声像图特征和彩色多普勒特点，以提高乳腺肿瘤超声定性诊断的符合率。方法对乳腺肿块进行二维超声检查，了解其形态、边界、边缘、内部回声、有无后方衰减及侧方声影等，然后进行彩色多普勒血流检查，观察肿块内部及周边血流情况，并分别与病理结果对照。结果在乳腺肿块声像图诊断中，以肿块边界回声特征最为重要，它是肿块良、恶性鉴别的关键。本文92．65％恶性肿块形态不规则，边界不清，内部回声不均匀，肿块前、侧缘有不规则强回声，同时彩色多普勒检出丰富血流信号。良性肿瘤多表现为边界光滑，侧缘回声减弱，彩色多普勒不能检出或检出少量星点状血流信号。结论超声声像图及彩色多普勒特征，对乳腺肿瘤性质的的判断有较大的临床应用价值。     

60例乳腺恶性肿块的超声诊断

目的总结乳腺恶性肿块的超声图像特征,探讨超声对乳腺恶性肿块的诊断价值.方法对经病理证实的60例恶性乳腺肿块的超声图像进行分析,包括其形态、边界、边缘、纵横比、内部回声,有无后方衰减及侧方声影等,然后彩色多普勒检查、观察肿块内及周边血供情况.结果典型乳腺恶性肿块的特征为形态不规则,内回声不均,“恶性晕”征,纵横比值＞1,砂粒样钙化,后方衰减.同时彩色多普勒检出较丰富血流.结论超声对乳腺恶性肿块有较高的诊断价值,超声诊断应以二维声像图为基础,同时密切结合肿块的血流信号丰富程度.     

高频彩色多普勒超声对乳腺肿块的鉴别诊断价值

目的探讨高频二维超声及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺良、恶性肿块鉴别诊断中的作用,以提高超声检查对乳腺良、恶性肿块的诊断符合率。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的89例乳腺肿块的大小、形态、边缘、包膜、内部回声及周边情况以及血流信号丰富程度进行观察与分析。结果高频二维超声对乳腺肿块的形态、边界、包膜、有无微小钙化等方面的观察在良恶性肿瘤间差异有统计学意义;良性肿瘤血流丰富的占30%,多为0-I级,而乳腺癌血流丰富的占88%,且为Ⅱ～Ⅲ级。腋窝探及转移性淋巴结是恶性肿瘤的特点。结论高频二维超声与彩色多普勒超声相结合可提高乳腺肿块的超声诊断准确率,对指导临床手术有较高的价值。     

彩色多普勒超声检查对乳腺肿瘤的诊断价值

目的探讨二维超声及彩色多普勒超声在乳腺实性病灶的特征表现和诊断价值。方法采用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声对80例均经过病理证实的乳腺实性肿块进行超声检查,分析良、恶性肿块的二维超声像图特点、彩色多普勒血流分布及血流参数。结果 80例乳腺肿块的二维声像图、血流分级及血流参数良、恶性组比较有显著差异,诊断符合率分别为92.1%和94.1%。结论二维超声结合彩色多普勒超声,有助于提高乳腺良、恶性肿瘤诊断的准确率,对乳腺肿瘤性质的判断有很好的临床应用价值。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.