胸腺切除术治疗重症肌无力150例的疗效

探讨胸腺切除术的适应证及其术后的处理要点，初评手术在治疗重症肌无力中的地位。方法 对１５０例因重症肌无力而接受胸腺切除术患乾的病史和１－７ａ的随访。结果 １５０例患者住院病死率为０，术后主要并发症为痰堵，有１８例作了气管切开术。其中术后单用抗胆碱酯酶药物者９例，使用皮质激素者９例，术后７ａ随访表明Ⅱ型重症肌无力，胸腺增生患者的手术效果更为满意。     

胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力43例报告

１９８９年１０月至１９９６年１０月，采用胸腺切除术治疗各型重症肌无力４３例，其中胸腺瘤２８例（恶性９例），胸腺增生１４例，胸腺正常１例。术后早期死亡２例，死亡率４．６５％，治愈４１例。３７例随访３月至６年零９月，结果满意，症状完全缓解１６例，改善１８例，无变化２例。死亡１例。病情严重者于胸腺切除术后早期行气管切开术，短期应用较大剂量糖皮质激素是防治术后重症肌无力危象的有效措施。胸腺肿瘤已侵及包膜或有局限性恶变者，术后放疗可以减少复发率、延长生存时间。     

重症肌无力围手术期气管切开的危险因素探讨

目的 探讨重症肌无力（MG）病人胸腺切除术围手术期行气管切开的适应症和相关危险因素。方法 回顾性分析我院自1980年4月至1999年8月因MG行胸腺切除术病人174例,44例于围手术期行气管切开,占总数25.3%,38例发生危象、占总数21.8%,分析了重症肌无力临床分型、病期、是否伴有胸腺瘤、术前肺功能情况和术前抗胆碱能药物用量等因素与肌无力危象之间的关系及需要行气管切开术的手术适应症。结果 MG病人病程长、服用抗胆碱能药物剂量大、临床分期为Ⅱb型以上,术前有肺功能损害及合并有胸腺瘤者,特别是伴有侵润型胸腺瘤的患者,术后发生危象较高;需气管切开的比例也相应较高。结论 重症肌无力病人胸腺切除术后发生危象,及时气管切开,人工呼吸器辅助是降低病死率的重要措施;术后立即预防气管切开术后应根据患者的病情严格掌握,不能滥用,以有利于病人恢复。     

胸腺扩大切除治疗重症肌无力315例

目的 探讨重症肌无力外科治疗和围术期处理方法及疗效。方法315例患者，男122例．女193例，年龄3～63岁，osseman Ⅰ型15l例，Ⅱa型89例，Ⅱb型54例，Ⅲ型21例，术前正确处理并发症，使用药物控制肌无力症状，术中行胸腺扩大切除术完整切除胸腺并清扫前纵隔脂肪；术后联合使用抗胆碱酯酶药、激素厦免疫抑制剂，应用呼吸机进行人工辅助呼吸，防治重症肌无力危象。结果术后早期院内无死亡。272例进行了随访．随访时间3个月至22年，症状缓解127例，改善98例，无效15例，有效率为82，7％。结论胸腺扩大切除术是治疗重症肌无力有效而安全的方法；充分的围术期处理是患者接受手术治疗的安全保证。     

胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力的围手术期治疗

目的　研究胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的围手术期治疗。方法　自１９９１年７月至１９９８年７月,手术治疗胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者６例,占同期收治胸腺瘤患者的２７．３％ 。结果　Ｍａｓａｏｋａ Ⅰ期、Ⅱ期、Ⅳ期各１ 例,Ⅲ期３ 例。无手术死亡。术后１ 例１个月后死于呼吸衰竭,１ 例２ ａ后死于肿瘤复发。生存４ 例,３ 例治愈,１ 例好转。结论　认为胸部Ｘ线检查是诊断本病的重要方法。其良恶性的判断主要依靠术中所见肿瘤的生长方式及组织细胞学类型。加强围手术期处理,是降低手术并发症及死亡率的关键。强调合理使用抗胆碱酯酶药物;采用低位胸部正中切口,尽可能切除肿瘤,清扫前纵隔;尽早拔除气管内插管;选用有效抗生素防治肺部感染,以降低肌无力危象的发生率。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力围手术期的处理

本文回顾性分析胸腺切除术治疗胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力１２例，其中有７例发生危象。提示：胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力术后危象的发生率高。探讨了皮质激素类药物在本症中的应用以及预防性气管切开在防治术后危象中的作用。     

扩大胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力30例报告

目的:探讨重症肌无力的外科治疗和围手术期处理。方法:30例患者均采用胸骨正中切口,术中完全切除胸腺组织,同时彻底清除前纵隔脂肪组织,术前后应用抗胆碱酯酶药物和肾上腺皮质激素,出现肌无力危象者予气管插管呼吸机辅助呼吸,加强抗感染治疗和营养支持治疗。结果:术后2例出现肌无力危象,经抢救好转,余均恢复顺利,术后随访5个月~5年,症状完全缓解14例,改善11例,无效2例,死亡3例。结论:胸骨正中切口行扩大胸腺切除术是治疗重症肌无力的有效方法,对重症肌无力病人应及早行手术治疗。     

胸腺切除治疗重症肌无力临床探讨

自1966年3月～1994年10月，采用胸腺切除术治疗各型重症肌无力122例。所有病例的胸腺均经病理检查，胸腺异常为95．1％，其中胸腺瘤占37．7％，恶性胸腺癌占胸腺瘤的67．4％。术后47．5％的病例发生了重症肌无力危象，该危象多见于ⅡB和Ⅲ型病例。6．5％的病例在院死亡。术后对106例进行了6个月至28年随访，症状缓解和改善者占68．9％，无变化者占8．5％，术后离院与本病有关死亡者为17．9％。该文认为，病情严重ⅡB、Ⅲ型病例胸腺切除早期行气管切开术，酌情使用人工呼吸机，是预防和治疗重症肌无力危象的重要方法，有助于降低围手术期死亡率。     

重症肌无力患者电视胸腔镜胸腺扩大切除术围手术期护理

目的探讨重症肌无力患者胸腔镜下胸腺扩大切除术的围手术期护理经验。方法分析总结72例重症肌无力患者进行胸腔镜胸腺切除术和胸腺扩大切除术的围术期护理特点。结果 72例患者无手术及住院死亡,术后3例出现肌无力危象,所有患者出院时症状均有明显改善。结论术前控制呼吸道感染,改善肺功能;术后加强呼吸道护理,合理有效地使用抗胆碱酯酶药物,正确预防、判断及处理肌无力危象、胆碱能危象是护理关键,也是减少并发症,提高手术成功率的保证。     

胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力的围术期治疗

目的 总结胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力患者的围手术期处理方法及效果。方法 回顾分析14例胸腺瘤伴重症肌无力患者的手术治疗，占同期收治胸腺瘤患者的32．6％。其中Ⅰ型4例，ⅡA型6例，ⅡB型3例，Ⅲ型1例（Osser-man分型）。结果 无手术死亡。术后早期发生肌无力危象2例，死亡1例。术后随访11例，9例症状消失，2例缓解。结论 加强围手术期处理，减少肌无力危象的发生是降低手术并发症及病死率的关键。强调术前及术后早期督导使用抗胆碱酯酶药物；采用胸部正中切口，尽可能切除肿瘤，清扫前纵隔脂肪组织，术毕确实固定胸骨；术后早期在密切观察下停用呼吸机；术后有效防治肺部感染。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.