清洁级SD大鼠标准生物学指标的建立

目的:建立清洁级SD大鼠的正常生理、生化指标。方法:分别选取6、12、18、30周龄的清洁级SD大鼠,雌雄各20只。测量动物的生长曲线、体重回归方程、脏器系数和血常规和血清生化等指标。结果:雄性动物的体重增长趋势比雌性动物高;随着年龄增长,脏器系数逐渐减低。大小肠长度随年龄增长增加,每百克体重大、小肠长度随年龄增大降低。     

清洁级Wistar大鼠标准指标

目的 :建立清洁级 Wistar大鼠的正常生理、血常规及生化指标。方法 :分别选取 6周龄、 12周龄、18周龄和 3 0周龄的清洁级 Wistar大鼠 ,雌雄各 2 0只。测量动物的主要生理指标 (生长曲线、体重回归方程、脏器系数和大、小肠长度 )、血常规及生化指示。结果 :雄性动物的体重增长趋势比雌性动物高 ;随着年龄的增长 ;脏器系数逐渐降低。相同年龄段动物的 WBC、GR%、AL T、AL P、L DL-CHOL雄性比雌性明显偏高 ( P<0 .0 1) ;而 TP、 AL B、 TRIG比雌性动物明显偏低 ( P<0 .0 1)     

先天性白内障大鼠血液生化及血液流变学分析

目的测定先天性白内障大鼠血液常规、生化正常值及血液流变学变化。方法采用XS-800i血常规分析仪和OLYMPUS AV2700生化自动分析仪对185~211 g大鼠共计90只进行血液常规和生化检测及用SA-6600自动血流变测试仪对血液进行流变学的测定。结果血像检测结果是白内障与正常对照同性比较无差异显著性(P0.05);小眼白内障与正常对照同性比较红细胞宽度(RDW)间差异显著(P0.01或P0.05)。血生化检测结果是白内障大鼠与正常对照组同性间比较白蛋白(ALB)差异显著(P0.01或P0.05)雌性与对照组比较尿素(Ure)差异显著(P0.01),小眼白内障雌性与正常对照比较肌酐(Cr)差异非常显著(P0.01)。白内障、小眼白内障大鼠的红细胞是雄性的低于雌性(P0.05,P0.01)而血小板是雄性的高于雌性(P0.01),肌酐是雄性低于雌性P0.01),正常组雄雌间无差异;血液流变学各组间无差异显著性。结论白内障大鼠与正常组大鼠间某些血常规及生化指标有一定的差异,该数据为该鼠在这领域的使用提供参考。     

不同性别BALB/c裸小鼠血液学及脏器系数观测

目的 测定SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠血液学参数,脏器重量、脏器系数,并进行性别间比较.方法 选取10周龄SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠80只,雌雄各半.40只采集血液,运用血液分析仪测定血液常规指标;40只活体称重,采集血液,运用全自动生化分析仪测定血生化指标,并采集脏器测定脏器重量,计算脏器系数.结果 雌雄裸小鼠测定项目比较,①雄性白细胞数、平均血红蛋白量、血小板、淋巴细胞显著高于雌性、红细胞显著低于雌性（P＜0.01）,红细胞平均体积、血小板压积与雌性差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）.②雄性碱性磷酸酶、肌酸激酶、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶显著高于雌性（P＜0.01）,白蛋白显著高于雌性（P＜0.05）.③雄性体质量、肾、膀胱脏器重量显著高于雌性,差异达到极显著水平（P＜0.O1）,肝脏器重量显著高于雌性,差异达到显著水平（P＜0.05）雌雄裸小鼠脏器系数相比较,雄性裸鼠的心、脾脏器系数显著低于雌性,差异达极到显著水平（P＜0.01）,雄性肾的脏器系数显著高于雌性,肺、肾上腺的脏器系数显著低于雌性（P＜0.05）.结论 性别对SPF级BALB/c裸小鼠血液学参数、脏器重量和脏器系数有一定的影响.     

一种视网膜锥体细胞退行性变大鼠基础生理值的测定

目的对视网膜锥体细胞退行性变（retinal cone degeneration,RCD）大鼠的主要脏器及血液、生化指标进行检测。方法随机选择BN（Brown Norway）-RCDF2代大鼠,视网膜电图鉴定,取静脉血检测生化指标,并对重要脏器进行准确称量。结果此大鼠脏器质量在雌雄之间除体重、大脑和肾差异有显著性外（P〈0.05）,其余均无差异;脏器系数脑干和小脑雌性显著大于雄性（P〈0.01）;生化指标碱性磷酸酶、葡萄糖、白蛋白、尿素氮、总蛋白雌性高于雄性,总胆固醇、天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、甘油三酯雌性低于雄性,其中雌性碱性磷酸酶活性显著高于雄性;雌性离子钙浓度显著高于雄性。结论BN-RCD大鼠基础生理值和生化参数均在正常范围内,其中一些参数在性别之间有差异,但与正常SD大鼠相比,天冬氨酸转氨酶、丙氨酸转氨酶、肌酐、钾离子差异显著,葡萄糖、甘油三酯、离子钙有差异。RCD大鼠为遗传性视网膜疾病的研究提供了一种新的突变模式动物。     

氯化钠的大鼠亚慢性毒性观察

目的 探索氯化钠的大鼠亚慢性经口毒性.方法 将80只SPF级SD大鼠按体质量随机分为对照组,氯化钠低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,每组20只,雌雄各半.低、中、高剂量组染毒剂量分别为100 mg/kg、500 mg/kg、1 000 mg/kg,采取灌胃方式染毒,连续染毒90d,对照组给予纯水.试验期间观察大鼠临床表现,记录大鼠体质量和摄食量,染毒结束后将大鼠麻醉,经腹主动脉采血分别用于检测血液生化、血常规和电解质.解剖主要脏器称量脏器重量计算脏器系数并进行组织病理学检查.结果 试验结束后各组大鼠的体质量、血常规指标、食物利用率和脏器系数均无明显变化(P＞0.05);血生化结果显示,对照组与低剂量组各项生化指标均无明显变化(P＞0.05),中、高剂量组大鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平低于对照组(P＜0.05),总胆红素(TBIL)和钙含量升高(P＜0.05).组织病理学结果显示,中、高剂量组大鼠出现肝脏局灶性炎细胞侵润、海绵状变性和淤血,雄性大鼠出现肾小管钙化、胸腺及淋巴结出血,对照组和低剂量组大鼠未见明显病理损伤.结论 氯化钠亚慢性经口染毒可能引起雄性大鼠的血液循环障碍和肾脏钙盐沉积.     

先天性静止性夜盲模式大鼠基础生理值的测定

目的:对本实验室首先发现并培育的自发性先天性静止性夜盲(CSNB)大鼠的主要脏器及血液、生化指标进行检测. 方法:随机选取出生13～15 wk的第11,12代CSNB大鼠通过视网膜电图鉴定后,抽取静脉血进行血清生化相关指标的检测,并对其重要脏器进行准确称量. 结果:CSNB大鼠脏器质量在雌雄之间除脾脏、肾上腺、脑垂体外,其余均存在显著差异(P＜0.05);脏器系数大脑、小脑、脑干雌雄间存在非常显著差异(P＜0.01);生化指标葡萄糖、总胆固醇和白蛋白在雌性大于雄性,丙氨酸基转换酶、天门冬氨酸基转换酶、碱性磷酸酶、尿素氮、肌酐、甘油三酯和总蛋白在雌性小于雄性;血电解质K ,Na ,离子钙(iCa)在雄性大于雌性, 雌性的Cl-值高,但无差异. 结论:CSNB大鼠基本生理学和生物化学参数均在正常范围内,其中一些参数在CSNB大鼠性别之间存在差异,但是与正常对照SD大鼠之间只有个别参数有差异. CSNB大鼠为遗传性视网膜疾病的研究提供了一种新的突变模式动物品系.     

PPARα转基因对小鼠的生理、生化等影响研究

目的 通过与正常C57BL/6小鼠作对照,在不同月龄分析PPARα转基因小鼠生理、生化等数据,比较其差异性,观察PPARα基因对小鼠的生理、生化是否会产生影响.丰富转基因小鼠数据库内容,为该模型实际应用于临床前药物评价提供理论依据.方法 实验分为4组,分别为PPARα雄性组、PPARα雌性组、C57BL/6雄性组和C57BL/6雌性组,9只/组.在动物10周龄、14周龄、18周龄、22周龄、34周龄分别检测血常规、血生化指标,在动物26周龄时观察其心、肝、肾脏器病变情况,并观察动物的一般生长情况.结果 PPARα转基因小鼠与C57B L/6小鼠比较①体重：6周龄到23周龄的PPARα转基因小鼠体重与C57BL/6小鼠体重比较差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.②血常规：10周龄PPARα雌性转基因小鼠红细胞计数（RBC）、嗜碱性粒细胞百分比（BAS％）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM％）明显高于C57BL/6雌性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.01）.14周龄PPARα雄性转基因小鼠白细胞计数（WBC）、淋巴细胞百分比（LYM％）明显高于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.③血生化：10周龄PPARα雄性小鼠血尿素氮（BUN）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）明显高于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.14周龄PPARα雄性小鼠天冬门氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、甘油三酯（TG）明显低于C57BL/6雄性小鼠,差异有显著性（P＜0.05）.④组织病理：26周龄PPARα转基因小鼠与C57BL/6小鼠比较,心脏无明显的改变,但肝细胞出现透明病变,肾小管上皮细胞出现脂肪变性.结论 系统收集了PPARα转基因小鼠的体重、血常规、血生化、病理等背景资料,成功分析了其与野生型C57BL/6小鼠之间的差异,为该模型的应用提供参考数据.     

噻唑膦原药对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用

目的研究90 d摄入噻唑膦原药对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用,确定其最大无作用剂量,为安全生产及慢性毒性实验提供剂量参考。方法将80只SD大鼠(雌雄各半)按体重随机分为4组,分别为噻唑膦原药0.8mg/kg体重组、4.0 mg/kg体重组、20.0 mg/kg体重和正常对照组。在实验结束后处死实验大鼠,同时检测血清生化、体重、尿常规和脏器系数等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果高剂量组雄、雌性大鼠体质量增长缓慢,雄性大鼠高剂量组甘油三酯(TG)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)明显低于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组碱性磷酸酶(ALP)明显高于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、总胆红素(TBIL)、肌酐(CREA)、血糖(GLU)、胆碱酯酶(CHE)明显低于对照组;雄、雌性大鼠尿胆红素(BIL)、比重(SG)、尿蛋白(PRO)的阳性率与对照组相比有显著性差异;雄性大鼠高剂量组脑、肺、肾、肾上腺、睾丸的脏器重量系数明显高于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组脑、肺、肾的脏器重量系数明显高于对照组,高剂量组的卵巢子宫的脏器重量系数明显低于对照组(P0.05,P0.01)。结论噻唑膦原药对雄、雌性大鼠90经口染毒剂量为20.0 mg/kg体重及以上时,对大鼠有毒性效应;90天喂养噻唑膦原药对大鼠最大无作用剂量为4 mg/kg体重。     

90d喂养噻唑膦原药对大鼠毒性作用的研究

[摘要] 目的 研究90d摄入噻唑膦原药对大鼠的亚慢性毒性作用,确定其最大无作用剂量,为安全生产及慢性毒性实验提供剂量参考。方法 将80只SD大鼠（雌雄各半）按体重随机分为4组,分别为噻唑膦原药0.8mg/kg?bw?d组、4.0mg/ kg?bw?d组、20.0mg/ kg?bw?d和正常对照组。在实验结束后处死实验大鼠,同时检测血清生化、体重、尿常规和脏器系数等指标,并对结果进行统计学处理。结果 高剂量组雄、雌性大鼠体质量增长缓慢,雄性大鼠高剂量组TG、CHE明显低于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组ALP明显高于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组TP、ALB、TBIL、CREA、GLU、CHE明显低于对照组;雄、雌性大鼠BIL、SG、PRO的阳性率与对照组相比有显著性差异;雄性大鼠高剂量组脑、肺、肾、肾上腺、睾丸的脏器重量系数明显高于对照组,雌性大鼠高剂量组脑、肺、肾的脏器重量系数明显高于对照组,高剂量组的卵巢子宫的脏器重量系数明显低于对照组（p＜0.05,p＜0.01）。结论 噻唑膦原药对雄、雌性大鼠90天经口染毒剂量为20.0mg/ kg?bw?d及以上时,对大鼠有毒性效应;90天喂养噻唑膦原药对大鼠最大无作用剂量为4mg/kg?bw?d。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.