脊髓的发育与脊髓畸变及脊髓损伤

脊髓畸变和脊髓损伤是中枢系统常见病变,它们与脊髓的发生发育关系密切。本文试图对它们的关系进行探讨,为脊髓畸变和脊髓损伤的诊治提供依据。     

胚胎脊髓移植对损伤脊髓修复作用的病理组织学和超微结构观察

目的：观察胚胎脊髓在缓解损伤脊髓的病理反应及其发生发展中的作用，方法：将妊娠１４ｄ大鼠胚胎脊髓植入半切洞损伤的成鼠脊髓后１、３、５、７、１０、１５、３０、４５和６０ｄ时，取材做光镜和电镜观察，结果：单纯脊髓损伤后，发生了出血水肿，变性坏死以及囊腔成胶质细胞增生和神经纤维再生，胚胎脊髓植入后，明显减轻了神经元和神经纤维的坏死变性程度，并能对损伤元实施挽救，有效抑制了病理囊腔的形成，也可填补原发损伤造     

大鼠脊髓针刺损伤程度与脊髓功能变化的相关性研究

摘要：目的通过观察大鼠脊髓穿刺致不同损伤程度后病理生理、运动及电生理改变,寻找对脊髓损伤程度最小的方法,为进一
步研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新的途径。方法健康SD大鼠144 只随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又分为A组（29G）、B组
（25G）和C组（21G）。实验动物暴露L4~5节段间硬脊膜,直视下分别用21G、25G、29G刺伤L4-5节段脊髓,缝合切口。各组分别在
术前进行双后肢运动功能评分,术后各时点记录运动功能评分（BBB评分）、电生理检测及脊髓病理观察。结果对照组麻醉恢
复后能站立行走,脊髓结构正常。实验组29G组行为学评分最高,脊髓损伤区域无明显病理改变;21G组运动、脊髓电生理和组
织病理的改变明显,2周时明显恢复。结论应用29G穿刺针对脊髓进行针刺对大鼠脊髓功能影响小,具有穿刺损伤小、重复性
好的优点,可为研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新途径。
     

大鼠脊髓针刺损伤程度与脊髓功能变化的相关性研究

目的通过观察大鼠脊髓穿刺致不同损伤程度后病理生理、运动及电生理改变,寻找对脊髓损伤程度最小的方法,为进一步研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新的途径。方法健康SD大鼠144只随机分为对照组和实验组,实验组又分为A组(29G)、B组(25G)和C组(21G)。实验动物暴露L4-5节段间硬脊膜,直视下分别用21G、25G、29G刺伤L4-5节段脊髓,缝合切口。各组分别在术前进行双后肢运动功能评分,术后各时点记录运动功能评分(BBB评分)、电生理检测及脊髓病理观察。结果对照组麻醉恢复后能站立行走,脊髓结构正常。实验组29G组行为学评分最高,脊髓损伤区域无明显病理改变;21G组运动、脊髓电生理和组织病理的改变明显,2周时明显恢复。结论应用29G穿刺针对脊髓进行针刺对大鼠脊髓功能影响小,具有穿刺损伤小、重复性好的优点,可为研究局麻药脊髓毒性提供新途径。     

脊髓缺血性二次瘫痪与脊髓血流量

目的：观察脊髓缺血后二次瘫痪与脊髓血流量（ＳＣＢＦ）的关系。方法：以清醒兔肾下主动脉（ＩＲＡ）阻断致腰骶段脊髓缺血为实验模型，采用氢气清除法观测脊髓灰质和白质血流量（ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ）及Ｔａｒｌｏｖ六级分类法观测脊髓功能变化。结果：ＩＲＡ阻断平均３４ｓ双下肢运动功能完全消失，５５ｓ双下肢感觉功能消失；缺血２０ｍｉｎ再灌流后１～３ｈ内８７％动物的双下肢功能恢复，但再灌流１７～２６ｈ出现二次瘫痪。ＩＲＡ阻断后股动脉血压由１１．３～１６．６ｋＰａ降至２．６２ｋＰａ以下，Ｌ６的ｇＳＣＢＦ由（５１．９４±１３）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１降至（５．８６±６．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１，Ｌ６的ｗＳＣＢＦ由（３５．８０±７．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１降至（６．７±８．０）ｍｌ１００ｇ－１ｍｉｎ－１；缺血２０ｍｉｎ再灌流即刻（１５ｍｉｎ）股动脉血压和Ｌ６ＳＣＢＦ恢复正常，但再灌流１、３和２４ｈＬ６的ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ与缺血前相比显著下降，再灌流４８ｈＬ６ｗＳＣＢＦ仍显著下降；但Ｔ１０的ｇＳＣＢＦ和ｗＳＣＢＦ在缺血期和再灌流不同时间均无显著性变化。结论：提示兔脊髓缺血性二次瘫痪可能与继发性ＳＣＢＦ下降有关。     

亚低温在脊髓损伤治疗中的研究现状

对于脊髓损伤,临床上的治疗方法大致包括外科手术、药物、物理治疗等。近些年来,在亚低温广泛应用于颅脑损伤的基础上,又开展了应用于脊髓损伤治疗的研究和亚低温预处理保护髓内切开手术的研究。现将亚低温在脊髓损伤治疗中的研究现状作一综述,以期为脊髓损伤的治疗提供更为可靠的方法。     

62例椎管内肿瘤术后的脊髓功能恢复

６２例椎管内肿瘤术后的脊髓功能恢复徐培坤，王远兴，李汉杰，王斌我科１９９０年～１９９３年间收治椎管内肿瘤６２例，均行手术切除。本文就该组病例分析探讨脊髓慢性受压解除后的功能恢复情况。１一般资料１．１性别与年龄本组男４４例；女１８例。年龄６～７４岁，按...     

126例磁共振椎管水成像分析

目的: 探讨磁共振椎管水成像( MRM) 对揭示椎管内梗阻部位及原因的价值及限度。方法: 采用三维快速自旋回波(FSE) 加脂肪抑制技术作冠状面重T2 加权椎管水成像126例, 包括小脑延髓池6 例、颈段18 例、胸段19 例、腰段83 例。所有图像均经三维最大信号强度投影后处理。结果: 90-5 % (114/126) 图像质量优良。MRM 阳性106 人次(101 例,占80-2 % ) , 其中硬膜外病变51 人次、硬膜下病变30 人次、髓内病变23 人次( 共104 人次?) 。66 例手术前后对比, 本组100 % 定位正确, 定性正确率91-3 % 。结论: 重T2 加权FSE 序列MR 椎管水成像是可靠的、非侵袭性的检查方法, 它可代替常规X 线脊髓造影和CT 脊髓造影, 还可解决上述检查无法解决的一些难题     

肌蒂脊髓移植术治疗脊髓外伤性截瘫的实验研究

<正> 目前对于脊髓损伤的治疗方法尚在探索之中。我们依据肌蒂在生理、生化等方面的特殊优点,首先创用肌蒂脊髓移植的治疗方法;从1985年12月开始动物实验研究及临床应用。现把近年来的动物实验结果一并报告如下。方法与结果第一阶段实验,其结果已作了初步报告。本报告为第二批实验,已取得明显的实验结果。方法为选用中国杂犬36只;年龄2～3岁,体重12～15kg,雄性,用3%速可眠30mg/kg静脉麻醉。实验中途死亡6只;余下30只分三组(每组10只)对比观察,即肌蒂脊髓移植     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.