安心颗粒联合血栓抽吸对急诊冠脉介入术后心肌灌注影响的研究

目的 在接受急诊冠脉介入术（PCI）的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者中,评价术前使用安心颗粒联合血栓抽吸术对心肌灌注的影响。方法 160例接受急诊冠脉介入术的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者被随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8 g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组。所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀。术后观察心肌呈色分级（MBG）、心电图ST段回落百分比、肌钙蛋白(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值、左室射血分数(LVEF)、主要不良心脏事件(MACE)。结果 安心颗粒组术后的MBG分级较高(P<0.05),达到MBG 3级的患者比例较多(P<0.05),术后ST段回落百分比>70%的患者数较对照组多(P<0.05),cTnI(P<0.01)和CKMB(P<0.05)峰值时间提前。术后第30天,安心颗粒组患者的左室射血分数明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。第(30±1)天时,2组患者主要不良心脏事件发生人数无显著性差别(P>0.05)。结论 急诊冠脉介入术前使用安心颗粒,联合血栓抽吸术,能改善心肌灌注和泵功能,但对短期内主要不良心脏事件无影响。      

创伤刺激、肾上腺素和地塞米松对小鼠应激能力的影响

目的 比较创伤刺激和使用肾上腺素、地塞米松或两药合用对小鼠应激能力的影响.方法 分别采用剪尾法及游泳法结合血糖水平测定观察小鼠应激状态的变化;进一步在给予地塞米松、不同浓度肾上腺素及两药合用条件下,测定血糖水平和游泳力竭时间,观察药物对小鼠应激能力的影响.结果 剪尾组血糖水平与生理盐水对照组间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);给予一定剂量肾上腺素的小鼠,其血糖水平明显高于创伤刺激组和对照组小鼠,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在各种药物使用的比较中,较高浓度肾上腺素组游泳力竭时间明显短于地塞米松组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);较高浓度肾上腺素组、两药合用组游泳后血糖水平均明显高于地塞米松组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);低浓度肾上腺素组游泳后血糖水平也明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 与对照组相比,剪尾创伤并不足以引起显著的以血糖升高为特点的应激反应;给予肾上腺素及肾上腺素与地塞米松合用虽均显著升高血糖水平但会降低小鼠的运动应激能力.     

Anti-obesity effect and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum leaf extract

Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation.     

高铁蛋白血症与早期糖脂代谢异常的关系

目的 探讨高铁蛋白血症与血糖、血脂代谢紊乱的关系.方法 收集杭州市第一人民医院"健康"体检者382例,根据铁蛋白水平,以310μg/L为限分为高铁蛋白组(A组)与低铁蛋白组(B组),分别测定血脂谱,空腹血糖(FBG)、尿酸(UA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC),超声检查脂肪肝,对两组间的数据进行统计学分析.结果 两组间TG、LDL、HDL、ApoAl、ApoB、FBG、UA、Hb、RBC、HCT、MCHC有显著差异,铁蛋白与TG、TC、LDL、ApoB、Hb、RBC、HCT呈正相关,与HDL、ApoA1呈负相关,A组脂肪肝的发生率较B组明显升高.结论 铁蛋白可能是早期糖脂代谢异常的标志物之一.     

解剖学课程资源的开发

课程资源是指供给课程活动、满足课程活动需要的一切,包括构成课程目标、内容的来源和保障课程活动进行的教学设备和材料[1].随着医学的迅猛发展,医学知识不断更新,解剖学作为医学专业的主干课程,开发、整合解剖学课程资源,使其具有前瞻性、有效性、实用性,并进一步优化学生的知识结构,成为解剖学教学研究的新课题.对此,我们进行了探索与实践.     

Comparing different domains of analysis for the characterisation of N-glycans on monoclonal antibodies

With the size of the biopharmaceutical market exponentially increasing,there is an aligned growth in the importance of data-rich analyses,not only to assess drug product safety but also to assist drug development driven by the deeper understanding of structure/function relationships.In monoclonal antibodies,many functions are regulated by N-glycans present in the constant region of the heavy chains and their mechanisms of action are not completely known.The importance of their function focuses analytical research efforts on the development of robust,accurate and fast methods to support drug development and quality control.Released N-glycan analysis is considered as the gold standard for glycosylation characterisation;however,it is not the only method for quantitative analysis of glycoform heterogeneity.In this study,ten different analytical workflows for N-glycan analysis were compared using four monoclonal antibodies.While observing good comparability between the quantitative results generated,it was possible to appreciate the advantages and disadvantages of each technique and to summarise all the observations to guide the choice of the most appropriate analytical workflow according to application and the desired depth of data generated.     

治疗肺癌巧用"原子弹"

二战时期,美国科学家率先研制成功原子弹,它是一种利用核裂变原理制成的核武器,在爆炸的同时会放出强烈的核辐射,危害生物组织。1945年美国向日本的广岛、长崎各投放了一枚原子弹,其杀伤     

葫芦里卖的什么药?——"哑谜医疗"的前世今生

在中国古代,老百姓对于医生的言行心生疑虑,有一个经典的发问: "不知他葫芦里卖的什么药?"以表达对医生、医学的不安与不满."不过,这种疑虑似乎还只是表现在药物属性上,真药还是假药?贵药或贱药?价格是否诚实?是否贱药贵卖?……如今这种知情诉求可是大大拓展了,不仅关心药物的疗效与毒副作用,还要关心诊断、预后、护理细节、康复举措,还有费用标准与合理性.     

院前急救程序

院前急救是急诊医疗体系的重要组成部分,院前急救处理正确与否直接关系到患者的生死存亡.有效的现场急救,要求医务人员须严格按预定的急救规范进行,这不仅有利于提高急救质量,对解决医疗纠纷、保险等也有重大意义.本栏目倡导尽量使用最新的药物、器械诊治;各操作程序方案的设置力求符合最新理论,并注重可操作性、科学性和实用性.     

女医生擅离职守救灾对焉 院领导照章处以辞退错否

事件回放 娄继英原是重庆某医院住院部的助理医师,汶川地震发生后,她主动请缨到灾区去服务,但未获医院批准.5月19日,娄继英毅然与其他志愿者奔赴灾区做医护志愿者.然而,当她回到重庆后,却被医院告知,由于她连续旷工3日,医院为严肃劳动纪律,决定对其按自动离职处理.     

Piggyback liver transplant techniques in the surgical management of urological tumors with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus

Background An important characteristic of renal cell carcinomas and adrenal tumors is that these tumors may expand into the renal vein and inferior vena cava, and transform into tumor thrombi. This study was to evaluate the use of piggyback liver transplant techniques for surgical management of urological tumors with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. Methods Nineteen patients with renal cell carcinomas or adrenal tumors with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus were treated from November 1995 to April 2008. Their ages ranged from 29 years to 76 years （mean 54 years）. The extent of tumor thrombus was infrahepatic （level Ⅰ） in 2, retrohepatic （level Ⅱ） in 7, suprahepatic （level Ⅲ） in 6, and intra-atrial （level Ⅳ） in 4 patients. We used cardiopulmonary bypass with deep hypothermic circulatory arrest to remove the thrombi in 3 cases of level IV and in 2 cases of level Ⅲ. In all level Ⅱ, 4 level Ⅲ, and 2 level IV cases, we used piggyback liver transplant techniques to mobilize the liver off of the inferior vena cava and to separate the inferior vena cava from the posterior abdominal wall. Results Mean operative time was 5.1 hours, mean estimated blood loss was 2289 ml and mean blood transfusion was 12.84 U. One patient with adrenal cortical carcinoma and level Ⅳ thrombus died in the immediate postoperative period. Three patients were lost to follow up, and the other 15 survivors were followed from 5 months to 56 months. Eight of these 15 patients died due to metastasis; however 7 were still alive at the last follow-up. Conclusions An aggressive surgical approach is the only hope for curing patients diagnosed with urological tumors combined with inferior vena cava tumor thrombus. The use of piggyback liver transplant techniques to mobilize the liver off of the inferior vena cava provides excellent exposure of the inferior vena cava. Patients with a level Ⅱ or level Ⅲ inferior vena cava thrombus may be treated without using cardiopulmonary bypass.     

肾上腺区巨大肿瘤合并瘤栓的诊断与治疗

目的:总结临床上少见的肾上腺区巨大肿瘤合并静脉瘤栓的诊断和手术经验。方法:自2017年10月至2019年3月,共8例肾上腺区巨大肿瘤(>7cm)合并静脉瘤栓病例就诊于北京大学第三医院,包括男性5例、女性3例,平均年龄50.6岁(31~62岁),右侧6例、左侧2例。首发症状包括腹部不适、高血压、Cushing面容、月经异常;特殊既往史包括肝硬化、肺癌。所有病例行影像学和内分泌学检查,术前影像学已明确合并下腔静脉瘤栓5例、左肾静脉瘤栓1例;术中发现合并肾上腺中央静脉瘤栓2例。4例右侧合并下腔静脉瘤栓且瘤栓上极较高病例实施开放肿瘤切除及瘤栓切除术,3例行腹腔镜手术(右侧2例、左侧1例),1例未行手术治疗。结果:平均肿瘤大小8.9 cm(7~11 cm),平均手术时间319 min(120~510 min),平均出血量629 mL(50~1 200 mL),术中输血2例,伤口感染1例。肿瘤类型:嗜铬细胞瘤1例、肾上腺皮质癌3例、肾上腺转移瘤2例、肾上腺区平滑肌肉瘤2例。术中发现嗜铬细胞瘤瘤栓中混合机化血栓;肾上腺皮质癌层次欠清,包膜极易破;肾上腺转移瘤血供丰富;肾上腺区平滑肌肉瘤均侵犯下腔静脉形成瘤栓,血供不丰富。平均随访时间8.4个月(1~15个月),1例肾上腺皮质癌术后4个月发生肝转移,于1年后死亡。结论:合并瘤栓的肾上腺区巨大肿瘤种类多,术前诊断有一定难度,需全面评估和完善术前准备;其手术难度大,方式多样,开放手术以及腹腔镜手术均可行。     

胎儿期超声诊断左位下腔静脉及双下腔静脉

目的: 总结胎儿期左位下腔静脉及双下腔静脉的超声声像图特征。方法: 回顾性分析于浙江大学医学院附属妇产科医院行超声检查显示左位下腔静脉（18例）和双下腔静脉胎儿（16例）的临床资料及超声图像表现,总结其特征。结果: 左位下腔静脉超声表现为胎儿上腹部横切面下腔静脉和腹主动脉位置表现正常,即下腔静脉位于腹主动脉右前方;而于肾门水平下方下腔静脉位于腹主动脉左后方,于肾门水平跨越腹主动脉前方,向右上方斜行,形成右侧的下腔静脉,最后流入右心房。双下腔静脉超声表现为胎儿下腹部横切面脊柱前方见三根血管横断面。腹部冠状切面腹主动脉两侧均见静脉伴行,并均延续自同侧髂静脉。34例下腔静脉异常胎儿中,合并其他系统异常17例,其中心脏异常13例。结论: 左位下腔静脉和双下腔静脉有典型产前超声表现,产前超声容易诊断。左位下腔静脉和双下腔静脉常合并其他系统异常（尤其是心脏畸形）,须仔细排查。     

不开胸处理肾癌并膈上瘤栓

目的：探讨不开胸处理肾癌伴膈上下腔静脉瘤栓的可行性和安全性。方法： 回顾性分析2015年4月和8月北京大学第三医院收治的2例右肾癌伴膈上下腔静脉瘤栓患者的临床资料,2例患者均为女性,年龄分别为73岁和67岁,右肾肿瘤大小分别为7.0 cm×6.3 cm×5.7 cm 和 8.7 cm×7.0 cm×5.2 cm,瘤栓分别达膈上1.3 cm和1.8 cm,病例2伴同侧肾上腺转移,瘤栓起源于右肾上腺静脉而非肾静脉。手术全程在经食道心脏超声（transesophageal echocardiography,TEE）监测下进行,取改良Chevron切口,游离右肾外侧及背侧,游离并断扎肾动脉,将肝自膈肌向下游离（病例1）,或向左侧行背驮式游离（病例2）,显露并游离出膈下的下腔静脉,分离或沿中线切开膈肌中心腱,显露膈上心包段下腔静脉,并将其轻柔下拉至膈下。手术在TEE监测下将瘤栓轻柔推至膈下。阻断瘤栓下方和上方下腔静脉、第一肝门和左肾静脉,切开静脉壁,完整取出瘤栓,缝合关闭腔静脉切口,将瘤栓上方腔静脉阻断钳移至肝静脉开口以下,开放第一肝门以缩短肝血供阻断时间,继续缝合至完全关闭腔静脉切口。结果： 两例手术均顺利完成,术中出血量分别为1 500 和2 000 mL,分别输悬浮红细胞1 200和800 mL,术后均恢复顺利,且均辅助酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗,分别随访9个月和6个月,患者均存活,未见肿瘤复发和新发转移。结论： 部分肾癌伴膈上瘤栓病例可不开胸取膈上瘤栓,无需体外循环（cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB）和深低温心脏停跳（deep hypothermic circulatory arrest,DHCA）。     

产前超声诊断胎儿下腔静脉变异

目的 通过产前超声诊断探讨胎儿不同下腔静脉变异的发病率及变异的下腔静脉内径和血流峰速与正常下腔静脉相比是否有差异.方法 回顾性分析37 448例行产前超声检查的胎儿资料,筛查出下腔静脉变异的病例,计算其发病率;比较变异组与正常组胎儿的下腔静脉内径及S波血流峰速有无差异.结果 在所有受检胎儿中,左位下腔静脉54例(1.44‰),双下腔静脉14例(0.37‰).正常胎儿下腔静脉内径为(2.71±0.42)mm,血流峰速为(36.25±6.30)cm/s;左位下腔静脉内径为(2.70±0.45)mm,血流峰速为(36.55±7.53) cm/s,与正常组相比差异均无统计学意义(t=6.78,P＞0.05;t=3.56,P＞0.05);双下腔静脉内径为(2.72±0.50)mm,血流峰速为(36.18±7.49)cm/s,与正常组相比差异均无统计学意义(t=10.43,P＞0.05;t=7.01,P＞0.05).结论 左位下腔静脉发病率为1.44‰,双下腔静脉发病率为o.37‰,两种变异的下腔静脉内径和血流峰速与正常组相比无明显差异.     

全肝血流阻断切肝术的应用解剖学研究

应用37具成人尸体解剖观测了腹主动脉、肝固有动脉、门静脉、胆总管及下腔静脉各阻断部位的可分离长度和管径,并结合临床进行了讨论。认为阻断的位置应选在下腔静脉的膈与肝上缘、膈与右心房下腔静脉口、肝下缘与左肾静脉之间,肝十二指肠韧带中点段的门静脉、肝固有动脉和胆总管、腹腔动脉与膈之间的腹主动脉段。     

Robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of a retroperitoneal paracaval tumor

During the past few years, robotic surgical systems have been rapidly developed. The progress and advantages of these systems include three-dimensional vision and enhanced ergonomics. These advantages have helped a new generation of minimally invasive surgery to evolve. The da Vinci Surgical System seems to greatly resolve problems (e.g., wide exposure and retraction of peritoneal organs) that are confronted by traditional laparoscopic surgeries for retroperitoneal tumors that are near great vessels. There have been few reported cases concerning laparoscopic excision of retroperitoneal tumors situated between the inferior vena cava, the right renal vessel, and the kidney. We report the use of a robotic surgical system for this type of treatment. A 54-year-old female patient had a hypoechoic lesion near the inferior vena cava and superior to the right renal vessels. It was incidentally found by ultrasound during a health check-up examination. The computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a heterogeneous contrast-enhanced retroperitoneal mass approximately 4.4 cm medial to the right kidney with the inferior vena cava slightly deviated to the left. Robot-assisted laparoscopic excision of the retroperitoneal tumor was performed on October 15, 2010 with an operation time of 135 minutes and an estimated blood loss of less than 30 mL. The J-Vac drainage tube was removed on postoperative Day 3, and the patient was discharged in a stable condition the following day. The pathology of the tumor was retroperitoneal schwannoma. A re-evaluation was arranged postoperatively for the 15-month ambulatory visit. No local recurrence or distal metastasis was present.     

后腹腔镜下右肾癌根治术中肾静脉处理方法比较

目的探讨后腹腔镜下右肾癌根治术中不同肾静脉处理方法对手术的影响。方法后腹腔镜下右肾癌根治术35例中,肾唇附近离断肾动脉（A组）16例,下腔静脉右侧壁旁离断肾动脉（B组）19例,比较2组手术时间、术中出血量、放置引流管时间、术后卧床时间及术后住院时间的差异。结果A组在手术时间、术中出血量、放置引流管时间方面均优于B组（P < 0.01）。术后卧床时间及术后住院时间2组差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论后腹腔镜下右肾癌根治术中,肾唇附近离断右肾动脉,相比下腔静脉右侧壁旁离断右肾动脉手术操作便利,节省手术时间,减少手术创伤,提高手术安全性,此种方法值得借鉴。     

腔静脉节段切除术在处理侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓中的应用

目的：探讨腔静脉节段切除术治疗侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓的可行性、安全性和手术经验。方法：2015年5月至2017年7月,北京大学第三医院共收治92例肾肿瘤伴静脉瘤栓的患者,其中17例患者因瘤栓侵犯腔静脉壁需行腔静脉节段切除术。本组病例的特点为：男性15例、女性2例,平均年龄为（59.2±12.9）岁（31~84岁）;左侧6例,右侧11例;Mayo静脉瘤栓分级Ⅱ级10例、Ⅲ级３例、Ⅳ级４例;肾肿瘤最大径平均为（9.1±3.7）cm（3.0~14.5 cm）。结果：所有患者均成功完成手术,5例腹腔镜下完成（中转开放2例）,12例开放手术完成（伴体外循环2例）,平均手术时间为（430.4±120.7） min（284~694 min）,术中平均失血量为（2 918.8±2 608.2）mL（300~10 000 mL）。腔静脉内瘤栓中位长度为10 cm（3~21 cm）,手术切除范围是从瘤栓顶端水平到瘤栓底部水平。发生术后并发症患者11例,分别为Clavien分级Ⅰ级1例、Ⅱ级7例、Ⅳ级2例和Ⅴ级1例（术后第2天因大出血死亡）。术后肌酐中位数为116 μmol/L（79~645 μmol/L）,其中2例需术后床旁血液滤过或透析。术后病理为肾透明细胞癌10例、乳头状细胞癌2型5例、尿路上皮癌1例、梭形细胞肉瘤1例。中位随访时间为8个月（1~28个月）,1例围术期死亡,1例术后9个月因多发转移死亡,3例患者发现远处转移,2例术后随访3~6个月仍有双下肢水肿,其余患者恢复情况和治疗效果良好。结论：对于某些侵犯腔静脉的肾肿瘤瘤栓的患者,可行腔静脉节段切除完成手术,短期随访手术效果良好。     

门静脉高压症术后再出血外科治疗的探讨--附65例临床分析

目的 探讨门脉高压症术后再出血外科治疗手术方式的选择。方法 本文总结了６５例门脉高压症术后再出血的治疗情况。结果 ４７例采用了不同术式的外科治疗,其中行肠腔侧侧分注术２９例,肠系膜下静脉腔静脉分流术６例,肠系膜上静脉属支腔静脉分流术４例,肠系膜上静脉属支左肾静脉分流术２例,断流术６例,手术死亡５例。结论 外科治疗目前仍是治疗门脉高压术后再出血的主要手段,且以择期手术为宜,其中肠腔侧侧分流术是断流术