高血压社区照顾路径的应用评价

目的评价所建立的适合我国城市社区人群的高血压社区照顾路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法采用同期非随机对照试验和个人深入访谈法，对所建立的社区照顾路径进行评价。结果实施高血压社区照顾路径，提高社区患者对高血压相关知识的知晓率，改善高血压患者的生存质量，提高患者的满意度。结论高血压社区照顾路径在提高医院运行效率的同时规范了医疗服务，是一套非常实用的疾病管理方法。     

冠心病社区照顾路径应用的评价研究

目的评价所建立的适合我国城市社区人群的冠心病社区照顾路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法采用同期非随机对照试验和个人深入访谈法，对所建立的社区照顾路径进行评价。结果实施冠心病社区照顾路径有利于改善患者的功能状态、改善医疗服务质量，使患者感到满意。结论冠心病社区照顾路径规范了医疗服务，提高了服务质量，是适合我国医疗实践的一种综合性的医疗管理照顾方法。     

城市社区2型糖尿病诊治临床路径的设计及双向转诊机制的建立

目的　开发设计适合我国城市社区人群2型糖尿病诊治的临床路径。方法　采用文献法、专家会议法、现场考察和预试验的方法,研制中国城市社区人群的2型糖尿病诊治的临床路径。结果　建立了2型糖尿病的社区照顾路径、酮症酸中毒专科诊疗路径、低血糖症患者专科诊疗路径、2型糖尿病患者社区专科双向转诊技术路径和管理路径、单纯2型糖尿病患者专科诊疗路径。结论2型糖尿病诊治的临床路径是以循证医学为指导,在强调诊疗服务标准化的同时,突出了全科医学连续性照顾的特点。     

城市社区2型糖尿病双向转诊路径应用的评价研究

目的 评价所建立的适合我国城市社区人群的2型糖尿病双向转诊路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法 采用非随机同期对照试验和个人深入访谈，对所建立的双向转诊路径进行评价。结果 实施2型糖尿病双向转诊机制有利于缩短患者的就诊时间、减少不必要的服务项目、节约医疗费用、提高治疗效果并使服务具有连续性。结论 2型糖尿病双向转诊路径作为一个疾病管理模式具有一定的成本效益。     

2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒专科诊疗路径应用的评价研究

目的 评价所建立的适用于我国城市医院患者的2型糖尿病专科诊疗路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法 采用历史对照方法和个人深入访谈，对所建立的专科诊疗路径进行评价。结果 实施2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒专科诊疗路径能减少患者的住院天数、降低医疗费用，同时提高了患者对医疗服务的满意度。结论 2型糖尿病酮症酸中毒专科诊疗路径作为一个疾病管理模式具有一定的成本效益。     

城市社区冠心病双向转诊路径应用的评价研究

目的评价所建立的适合我国城市社区人群的冠心病双向转诊路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法采用非随机同期对照试验和个人深入访谈法，对所建立的双向转诊路径进行评价。结果在一定的条件下，实施冠心病双向转诊路径是可行的。它的运行有利于缩短患者的就诊时间、提高治疗效果和使医疗服务具有连续性。结论冠心病双向转诊路径确实是一个综合性的高效率的医疗管理照顾方法。     

城市社区冠心病临床路径的研制及双向转诊机制的建立

目的开发研制适合我国城市社区人群冠心病的临床路径。方法采用文献法、专家会议法、现场考察和预试验的方法，研制中国城市社区人群的冠心病临床路径。结果建立了冠心病的社区照顾路径、冠心病的专科诊疗流程、急性心肌梗死专科诊疗路径、不稳定型心绞痛专科诊疗路径、冠心病社区一专科双向转诊技术路径和社区一专科双向转诊管理路径。结论冠心病的临床路径是以社区慢性病照顾为切入点，以循证医学为指导，突出以病人为中心和以照顾的连续性为方向的一组环行路径。     

城市社区高血压临床路径的研制及双向转诊机制的建立

目的开发研制适合我国城市社区人群高血压的临床路径。方法采用文献法、专家会议法、现场考察和预试验的方法，研制中国城市社区人群的高血压临床路径。结果建立高血压的社区照顾路径、单纯高血压专科诊疗路径、高血压社区-专科双向转诊技术路径和社区-专科双向转诊管理路径。结论高血压的临床路径是以循证医学为指导，既强调了诊疗服务的标准化和规范化，又突出了全科医学连续性照顾的特点。     

城市社区四种慢性病双向转诊临床路径的医疗费用评价

用非随机化对照临床试验方法评价城市社区常见四种慢性病双向转诊临床路径应用的医疗费用，结果提示双向转诊临床路径有利于节约2型糖尿病、高血压、脑卒中和冠心病患者的医疗费用。     

2型糖尿病社区护理干预效果评价

目的 评价社区护理干预对2型糖尿病患者在糖尿病认知及自我管理中的影响.方法 通过问卷调查,为糖尿病患者建立健康档案,定期体格检查,进行系统的健康教育,加强饮食、运动量化干预、心理干预等建立科学的生活方式,有效地控制血糖.结果 通过护理干预58例患者不同程度地掌握了糖尿病的相关知识和自我监测能力,治疗依从性、血糖控制率明显上升.结论 社区干预可以改变不良生活习惯及控制血糖水平,预防糖尿病并发症,提高防治效果,是提高糖尿病患者生活质量的有效方法.     

社区签约2型糖尿病患者心理状况影响因素分析

目的 了解潍坊社区签约2型糖尿病患者心理状况,分析签约2型糖尿病患者心理状况的影响因素,为社区家庭医生对签约2型糖尿病患者进行更有针对性的心理疏导提供依据。 方法 运用系统抽样法,随机抽取2010年至今潍坊街道常住人口,并已进行家庭医生签约服务的529例社区签约2型糖尿病患者为研究对象,对其进行SCL-90心理健康症状自评量表、社会支持评定量表、人口学因素等问卷调查,对社区签约2型糖尿病患者的心理状况影响因素及社会支持情况进行分析。 结果 社区签约2型糖尿病患者在SCL-90心理健康症状自评量表中总分及各因子分均高于全国常模;签约2型糖尿病患者的年龄、工作、收入、职业等因素对SCL-90心理健康症状自评量表中部分因子有影响;糖尿病病程对SCL-90心理健康症状自评量表中各因子分均有影响,少数有显著影响;签约2型糖尿病患者的社会支持分与SCL-90心理健康症状自评量表中各因子呈显著负相关。 结论 社区签约2型糖尿病患者的心理状况不容乐观,不同人口学因素可对签约2型糖尿病患者的心理状况产生不同影响,社区家庭医生应针对不同人口学特征的签约2型糖尿病患者给予更有针对性的心理疏导及社会支持。      

Quality of care among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients residing in an urban slum of Chennai Corporation -- a community-based cross-sectional study

Despite the high prevalence, serious long term complications and established evidence based guidelines for management of diabetes mellitus the quality of care is still deficient in developed and developing countries. So a study of these factors and their influence on the quality of care is necessary to tackle diabetes in the community. The objectives of the study were to assess the quality of care in type 2 diabetes patients of 35 years and above age group and to identify the factors associated with it. It is a community-based cross-sectional study done among urban slum people of Chennai, in which 323 adults with type 2 diabetes were interviewed in the above said age group. Variables like age, sex, income, duration of diabetes, healthcare delivery of choice, treatment prescribed, compliance to treatment, family history of diabetes, presence of comorbid illnesses and quality of care indicators were studied and appropriate statistical analysis was carried out. Only 26 adults (8%) received good quality of care in this study. The adults who received good quality of care were among male sex (p < 0.005), high income group (p < 0.001), patients with good compliance to treatment (p < 0.001) and those who preferred private health facility for treatment (p < 0.001). The present current study indicates very low quality of care among this community. The management of diabetes in our setting was suboptimal and even the minimum achievable goals were not reached.     

Diabetes mellitus in Greenland

Fifty years ago type 2 diabetes mellitus was very rare in Greenland. Recent epidemiological studies have found a high prevalence of diabetes among Greenlanders comparable to levels among Inuit populations in Canada and Alaska. In 2008 a national diabetes programme was implemented aiming to improve the care for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Greenland based on a donation from Novo Nordisk A/S to the national health care service. A diabetes concept based on national guidelines, systematized recording in an electronically medical record and feedback to the clinics were used to improve the diabetes care. The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate if implementation of a diabetes programme in Greenland would have a measurable effect on the quality in diabetes care including diagnostic activity and screening for diabetic complications. Two observational and cross sectional studies were performed in Greenland 2008 and 2010 before and after implementation of the diabetes programme. The medical records of patients with diabetes were reviewed. The prevalence was estimated using the whole adult population in Greenland as background population. The quality of the diabetes care was monitored by 12 health care indicators. The prevalence of diagnosed cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus among Greenlanders has increased over a period of two years. In the same period a significant increase in the quality of care in diabetes in Greenland has been documented concerning all process-of-care indicators. Significantly regional variation in the diabetes care was demonstrated in 2008. The quality in the diabetes care was best in clinics with a database. In 2010 a more homogenate quality among the clinics in the diabetes care was demonstrated. These effects could be a result of the diabetes programme implanted in between the two observations. In conclusion, improved quality in the diabetes care along with an increasing prevalence of diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus has been documented after implementation of a diabetes programme. It is strongly recommended to maintain focus on the quality on the diabetes care in order to benefit from the programme in a long-term perspective.     

2型糖尿病病人对疾病认知状况及其对健康教育需求的调查分析

目的调查虹口区前来就诊的2型糖尿病病人对糖尿病相关知识的认知状况及其对健康教育的需求。方法自行设计问卷，对虹口区7所社区卫生服务中心的门诊221例2型糖尿病病人进行调查。结果门诊病人对糖尿病的基本知识、饮食疗法、运动疗法有一定的了解，愿意获得糖尿病知识的高达91．0％，而从社区医务人员宣传教育途径获得相关知识的较低，只占58．4％。结论社区卫生服务中心在提高医务人员健康教育意识的同时还应充分利用中心、家庭、个人和社区资源，加强对糖尿病病人管理及健康教育，以减少糖尿病发病率、提高病人的生命质量。     

冠心病不稳定型心绞痛专科诊疗路径应用的评价研究

目的评价所建立的适合我国城市人群的冠心病专科诊疗路径的效果、效益、可行性和可推广性。方法采用同期非随机对照试验和个人深入访谈法，对所建立的专科诊疗路径进行评价研究。结果实施冠心病专科诊疗路径可以减少住院时间、降低患者再住院率，在一定程度上减少医疗费用，提高患者满意度。结论冠心病专科诊疗路径不仅规范了医疗服务，还提高了医疗服务质量，确实是一个具有成本效果的疾病管理模式。