人参皂甙对老龄化大鼠心房肽基因表达的影响

给24－26月龄的雄性和雌性大鼠，腹腔注射人类茎叶总甙水溶液，50mg/kg体重，每日1次，连续7次。用冷酚法提取心房总RNA，与α-^32P标记的大鼠心房肽前体原cDNA（r-prepro-ANP-cDNA)探针杂交。结果表明，人参皂甙对老龄化大鼠心房肽基因表达的作用是受性别影响。     

体外转录系统质粒pNI-11和pNI-12的构造

本文介绍将大鼠心房肽(ANP)前体的互补DNA(proANP—cDNA)的PstI片段再克隆到具有双向转录启动子的质粒pGEM—2中,构建了体外转录系统的质粒pNI—11和pNI—12。用限制性內切酶AccI消化重组的质粒,结合电泳比较酶谱,区别出插入段cDNA的方向。用这种质粒可以体外合成高灵度的探针,可供基因调控、原位杂交等多方面研究。判断插入基因在重组质粒中方向的方法有普遍意义。     

心房肽Ⅲ的降解

心房肽是最近从人和大鼠心房中提取的一种新激素。目前,他们在体内的代谢还不清楚。本文应用~(125)碘标记的心房肽和高压液相测定技术发现,心房肽在体内的降解是十分迅速的,其生物半衰期仅有150秒。体外试验还发现,肾脏和肝脏是其主要的降解器官。氨基肽酶抑制剂(Bestatin)和羧基肽酶抑制剂(SQ 20881)可以延缓心房肽在体内的代谢。     

心房肽(心钠素)在心血管病发病和治疗中的可能作用

心房肽(Atriopeptins)亦称心钠素(Cardionatrin),为近年来新发现的心脏内分泌激素。其基础和临床的研究工作进展迅速。本文拟简要复习其生理效应而侧重其在心血管病发病和治疗中的可能作用,作一综述。 一、心房肽的生理效应 目前不仅从心房,也从心室、肺及脑组织中发现有心房钛。大鼠有11种心房肽,人体有α、β、γ三种。各种心房肽结构的共同特点为:(1)肽链C端     

大鼠血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、心房肽功能的研究

目的：探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、心房肽在调节机体体液中的作用。方法：使大鼠体内的钠急剧缺乏，用放射免疫分析法，对大鼠血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮、心房肽浓度进行测定。并观测大鼠饮盐水量的变化。结果：钠急剧缺乏，使大鼠血浆中血管紧张素Ⅱ、西固酮浓度显著升高，心房肽浓度显著下降。同时激起大鼠的饮盐水行为。大鼠经３次钠缺乏恢复正常生活５ｄ时，对血管紧张素Ⅱ、醛固酮的分泌量没有影响，而使心房肽的分泌爱到抑制     

一肾一夹和二肾一夹大鼠血浆心房肽和去甲肾上腺素浓度的变化

本实验连续观察了一肾一夹和二肾一夹大鼠术后1、2、4、6和8周的血浆心房肽和去甲肾上腺素含量。二参数于整个观察期均显著高于正常对照组。血浆心房肽浓度与血压的变化呈良好的正相关(r=0.61,P<0.001;r=0.64,P<0.001)。二肾一夹大鼠于术后第四周,一肾一夹大鼠于术后第六周血浆心房肽水平呈下降趋势。     

心房肽的研究进展与临床意义

<正> 近年来的研究表明,心脏不仅是个循环器官,并且具有内分泌功能。1984年美国的Currie等实验室和日本的Kangawa实验室分别从大鼠和人的心房组织中分离和纯化一类话性肽,称为心房肽(简称AP)。 AP亦称心钠素或人心房利钠多肽等。它不仅在循环系统的调节中起十分重要的作用。并且能使心脏、中枢神经系统和肾脏之间保持密切的联系。大量研究表明,AP具有强大的利尿、利钠、扩张血管、降低血压和增加心肌血流量的作用。一、心房肽的生化特性 Currie将心房组织粗提取液以温水水解和凝胶过滤等方法分离得到21肽和23肽。其分子量在1000—44000之间,分别命名为AP-Ⅰ和AP-Ⅱ等。经高性能液体色谱鉴定,体内的AP主要形式是低分子量(AP     

附子与人参不同比例配伍对急性心衰大鼠神经—体液因子的影响

目的观察附子与人参不同比例配伍前后对急性心衰大鼠神经一体液因子的影响。方法建立戊巴比妥钠致大鼠急性心力衰竭动物模型,测定药物对大鼠血浆中氨基末端脑钠肽前体（NT-ProBNP）、心房利钠）钛-（ANP）Ygc-O．管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）的影响。结果与空白组比较,模型组大鼠血浆中NT-ProBNP、ANP、AngⅡ的含量显著增加,与模型组比较,各治疗组均可降低三者的含量,其中附子人参配伍后作用明显优于附子单味给药组,尤以附子人参1：0．5组作用最强。结论附子人参配伍可调节急性心衰大鼠神经一体液因子,从而延缓急性心力衰竭的发展。     

雌二醇对卵巢切除大鼠心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的影响

目的 :研究雌二醇对卵巢切除大鼠心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的影响。方法 :采用透射电镜 ,高清晰彩色图像分析系统对大鼠心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的体密度、数密度及颗粒平均直径进行数据处理。结果 :切除大鼠双侧卵巢后 ,心房特殊颗粒的体密度和数密度与对照组及用雌二醇组比较明显减少 (P <0 .0 1) ,小剂量雌二醇可使大鼠心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的体密度和数密度恢复到正常水平 ,随剂量增加 ,心肌细胞心房特殊颗粒的量也伴随增加 ,呈量效关系。结论 :雌二醇可明显促进卵巢切除大鼠心房肌细胞心房肽的合成     

心房肽与临床

一、心房肽的作用机理心房肽(ANP)不仅产生于心房肌细胞(右房比左房高,从心外膜到心内膜依次递减,房间隔最少),还存在于大鼠下丘脑的室周核、脑的终板脉络组织、弓状核和腹侧乳头前核及脑桥的背内侧顶盖核,还存在于肾、肺,以右肺为最高。肺产生的ANP也具有利钠利     

仙人救心片对充血性心力衰竭大鼠血浆心钠素及病理改变的影响

目的:研究仙人救心片对充血性心力衰竭(CHF)大鼠血浆心钠素(ANP)及病理改变的影响。方法:45只大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组、卡托普利组、仙人救心片大、小剂量组,采用结扎腹主动脉致压力负荷增加复制模型。治疗后观察大鼠血浆ANP含量的变化及病理改变。结果:仙人救心片能显著降低大鼠血浆ANP含量,心衰的病理改变明显减轻。结论:仙人救心片治疗充血性心衰的机理之一可能与抑制心衰时的血浆ANP水平,保护心肌有关,从心脏内分泌角度显示了仙人救心片对CHF的治疗作用。     

一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽在老年2型糖尿病患者空气净化前后的变化

目的:探讨空气净化对老年2型糖尿病患者血浆一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽的影响。方法:252例老年2型糖尿病患者随机分为实验组(129例)和对照组(123例)。实验组给予所处居室空气净化和临床常规治疗,对照组给予单纯临床常规治疗。入院时和入院后1月抽血检测一氧化氮、心钠索和降钙素基因相关肽,同时评价两组患者的治疗效果。结果:空气净化1个月后,一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽与净化前比较差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论:对老年2型糖尿病患者行空气净化治疗,能显著改善其一氧化氮、心钠素和降钙素基因相关肽的表达,降低炎症反应和内皮损伤,减少其它并发症的发生。     

Effect of human atrial natriuretic peptide on blood pressure after sodium depletion in essential hypertension

Human atrial natriuretic peptide was infused over four hours in three patients with essential hypertension. When the patients had a sodium intake of 200 mmol (mEq) daily an infusion of 0.5 micrograms atrial natriuretic peptide/min caused no significant change in blood pressure, whereas an infusion of 1.0 micrograms/min caused a gradual decrease in blood pressure and an increase in heart rate. After two to three hours of infusion with the higher dose two patients showed a sudden decrease in heart rate, with symptomatic hypotension. When the same patients had an intake of 50 mmol sodium daily their blood pressure was more sensitive to infusion of atrial natriuretic peptide; one patient again developed symptomatic hypotension, this time during an infusion of 0.5 micrograms/min. During all infusions distinct natriuresis occurred irrespective of whether blood pressure was affected. Prolonged, relatively low dose infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide can cause unwanted symptomatic hypotension. The effect on blood pressure is enhanced after sodium depletion, and blood pressure should be monitored carefully during longer infusions of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with essential hypertension.     

心房肽对高血压模型鼠免疫细胞内cAMP cGMP含量的影响

本文探讨了心房肽对自发性高血压大鼠免疫细胞内cAMP、cGMP含量的影响,结果表明,尽管心房肽并不显著影响静止状态下免疫细胞内cAMP含量,但却可以降低经前列腺素E_1所增加的免疫细胞内cAMP含量;心房肽可以直接增加免疫细胞内cGMP含量。从而提示,心房肽可通过影响免疫细胞内信使分子调节免疫细胞的活性,尤其对于某些抑制因子作用下的免疫细胞的功能调节有重要意义。     

Atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations in pre-eclampsia

The concentration of plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide is positively associated with right atrial and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, suggesting that blood volume and hence atrial pressure govern its release. Expansion of plasma volume is a central physiological adjustment in normal pregnancy. Conversely, pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia are associated with a reduction in plasma volume and central venous pressure. A study was therefore undertaken to test the hypothesis that plasma atrial natriuretic peptide concentrations are low in pre-eclampsia owing to deficient secretion. Concentrations of the peptide were measured by a specific radioimmunoassay. The mean plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide concentration in healthy pregnant women (n = 22; third trimester) was higher (56 (1 SD 29) ng/l) than in 25 young, non-pregnant controls (37 (19) ng/l). Concentrations in patients suffering from mild pre-eclampsia (n = 9) were higher (127 (60) ng/l) than in normal pregnant women, and in patients with severe pre-eclampsia (n = 6) concentrations were higher still (392 (225) ng/l). Despite failure of plasma volume expansion and low central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in pre-eclampsia this condition is associated with greatly increased plasma concentrations of plasma immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide, which increase still further with the severity of the disease. These findings are clear evidence that atrial pressure may not be the principal determinant of the release of the natriuretic peptide in pre-eclampsia.     

Effect of Atorvastatin on Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Beta/delta in AngiotensinⅡ-induced Hypertrophic Myocardial CellsIn Vitro

Objective To explore the effect of atorvastatin on cardiac hypertrophy and to determine the potential mechanism involved. Methods Anin vitro cardiomyocyte hypertrophy from neonatal rats was induced with angiotensinⅡ (AngⅡ) stimulation. Before AngⅡ stimulation, the cultured rat cardiac myocytes were pretreated with atorvastatin at different concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10μmol/L). The following parameters were evaluated: the myocyte surface area,3H-leucine incorporation into myocytes, mRNA expressions of atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, matrix metalloproteinase 9, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and interleukin-1β, mRNA and protein expressions of theδ/β peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) subtypes. Results It was shown that atorvastatin could ameliorate AngⅡ-induced neonatal cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in the area of cardiomyocytes,3H-leucine incorporation, and the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide markedly. Meanwhile, atorvastatin also inhibited the augmented mRNA level of several cytokines in hypertrophic myocytes. Furthermore, the down-regulated expression of PPAR-δ/β at both the mRNA and protein levels in hypertrophic myocytes could be significantly reversed by atorvastatin treatment. Conclusions Atorvastatin could improve AngⅡ-induced cardiac hypertrophy and inhibit the expression of cytokines. Such effect might be partly achieved through activation of the PPAR-δ/β pathway.     

阿托伐他汀抑制血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导心房肌细胞肥大及对缝隙连接蛋白40的影响

目的观察阿托伐他汀对血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）诱导的心房肌细胞肥大及缝隙连接蛋白40（Cx40）表达的影响。方法20只1周龄左右Wistar大鼠,用于体外心房肌细胞的分离培养与鉴定。设置正常对照组、AngⅡ（1μmol/L）组、AngⅡ＋二甲亚砜组和AngⅡ＋阿托伐他汀0.1、1.0、10μmol/L共6组。72h后利用氚标亮氨酸掺入法检测心房肌细胞蛋白合成速率,逆转录聚合酶链反应分别检测脑钠肽的前体（Nppb）、转化生长因子（TGF）-β1Cx40 mRNA的表达。结果与正常对照组相比,AngⅡ组氚标亮氨酸掺入量和Nppb mRNA表达呈显著性增加（P〈0.05）,同时TGF-β1mRNA高表达而Cx40mRNA低表达,阿托伐他汀逆转上述变化,10μmol/L组作用最强（P〈0.05）,而作为溶剂的二甲亚砜无明显作用。结论阿托伐他汀可能通过抑制Nppb mRNA的高表达来逆转AngⅡ诱导的心房肌细胞肥大,抑制TGF-β1RNA的高表达减轻心房纤维化,同时可能通过增强Cx40 mRNA的表达来逆转缝隙连接蛋白的重构,最终减低房颤发生率。     

Effects of aging and ginsenoside on atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression]

We investigated the levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (r-ANP) gene expression in the atria of rats aged 2-3 months and 14-18 months. In the meantime, we studied the effects of ginsenosides on r-ANP gene expression by determining the content of ANP messenger ribonucleic acid (r-ANP-mRNA). Male and female rats were abdominally injected aqueous solution of ginsenoside (prepared from ginseng stems and leaves (G-SL) and ginseng roots (G-R) 50 mg/kg body weight, once a day, for 7 days. Atrial total RNA was extracted by cold phenol method. The specificity and relative contents of r-ANP-mRNA were determined by using Northern blot and Dot blot hybridization respectively with alpha-32P-labeled r-ANP-cDNA probe. The results showed that the r-ANF-mRNA levels in male and female rats at the age of 14-18 months were about 15% and 60% of those in male and female rats at the age of 2-3 months. G-SL and G-R increased r-ANP-mRNA contents in male rats at the age of 14-18 months by 1 fold and 1.7 folds respectively; whereas they decreased r-ANP-mRNA contents in male rats at the age of 2-3 months. No apparent effects of ginsenosides on ANP gene expression was observed in female rats. These results showed that ANP gene expression is more declined in elder rats and ginseng has certain effects in the aspect of heart endocrine to combat decrepitude.     

缺氧时家兔心钠素、醛固酮及血浆离子的变化

本实验观察了家兔在缺氧条件下血浆心钠素、醛固酮及血浆Na~+、K~+、Ca~(++)、 Mg~(++)、Zn~(++)离子的变化。结果表明:急性缺氧时血浆心钠素明显升高,而醛固酮升高不明显,但对照组血浆醛固酮升高具有统计学意义。低氧适应14天后再暴露于急性缺氧条件下,血浆心钠素升高不明显,而血浆醛固酮明显升高,并伴有血浆Mg~(++)升高,K~+降低。这些结果提示:心钠素参与缺氧应激反应;在缺氧不同时相里,调节水,电解质平衡的激素的反应各不相同。     

Phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor ameliorates renal resistance to atrial natriuretic peptide associated with obesity and hyperleptinemia

BACKGROUND: Abnormal neurohormonal regulation of renal sodium handling plays an important role in obesity-associated hypertension. We investigated the effect of experimental obesity on renal response to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). METHODS: The effect of ANP was studied in three groups of rats: (1) lean controls, (2) animals made obese by a highly palatable diet, (3) rats treated with adipose tissue hormone, leptin, for 7 days to reproduce hyperleptinemia observed in obesity. RESULTS: ANP administered at a dose of 50 pmol/kg min(-1) induced about a 3-fold lower increase in Na+ and cGMP excretion in obese and leptin-treated rats than in the control group. ANP decreased Na+,K+-ATPase activity in the renal medulla only in the control group. Natriuretic effect of exogenous cGMP was also impaired in obese and leptin-treated rats. In contrast, hydrolysis-resistant cGMP derivative, 8-bromo-cGMP exerted comparable natriuretic effects in all groups. Neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, phosphoramidon, and ANP clearance receptor antagonist, C-ANP, increased urinary ANP excretion in all groups to a similar level, but their natriuretic effect was impaired in obese and leptin-treated groups. A specific inhibitor of cGMP-degrading phosphodiesterase, zaprinast, had comparable natriuretic and Na+,K+-ATPase-lowering effects in all groups and restored normal sensitivity to ANP. CONCLUSIONS: (1) Dietary-induced obesity is accompanied by impaired natriuretic effect of ANP, (2) ANP resistance in obesity may be accounted for by increased leptin level, (3) accelerated degradation of cGMP may contribute to ANP resistance associated with obesity and hyperleptinemia, suggesting that inhibiting cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases may be useful in the treatment of obesity-associated hypertension.