VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL INJURIES AND CHANGES OF BLOOD COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYSIS INDEXES IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME

Objective To study endothelial damage by observing changes of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in blood, coagulation and fibrinolysis index in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome.Methods CECs were separated by isopycnic centrifugation method in 14 patients with acute lung injury (ALI), 7patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 10 intensive care unit (ICU) controls, and 15 healthy controls.Plasma prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FG), fibrin degradation products (FDP), and D-dimer were examined simultaneously. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ and lung injury score (LIS) were recorded to evaluate severity of illness and lung injury.Results (1) The number of CECs in ALI (10.4 ± 2.3 ) and ARDS groups ( 16.1 ± 2.7) was higher than that in the healthy (1.9 ± 0.5) (P ＜ 0.01). In both ALI and ARDS, the number of CECs correlated with APACHE Ⅱ (r = 0.55, P ＜ 0.05 and r =0.62, P ＜ 0.05, respectively) and LIS (r = 0.60, P ＜ 0.05 and r = 0.53, P ＜ 0.05, respectively). CEC number was negatively correlated with PaO2 in ALI and ARDS (r=-0.49, P＜ 0.05 and r=-0.64, P＜ 0.05, respectively). (2) The level of FDP and D-dirmer were higher in ALI and ARDS patients than that in ICU and healthy control groups (P＜0.05). The level of FG in ARDS group was significantly higher than in the ICU and healthy control groups (P ＜ 0.05). But in ALI group, the level of FG was significantly higher than only healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Endothelial cell damage occurs in ARDS patients, which may play a major role in the pathophysiology of ARDS. Changes of endothelial cell activation and damage markers, such as CECs, plasma coagulation and fibrinolysis index,to some extent reflect severity of illness and lung injury in ARDS.     

Correlation of vascular endothelial growth factor and CD105-microvascular density in primary pterygium

The relationship between the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and microvascular density(MVD) marked by CD105(CD105-MVD),and that between CD105-MVD and the clinicopathological characteristics of primary pterygium were investigated.The streptavidin-biotin complex(SABC) immunohistochemical staining in paraffin-embedded tissues was used to detect the expression of VEGF in 23 cases of primary pterygia and 7 normal conjunctival specimens.The antibody against CD105 was used to display vascular endothelial cells,and MVD was examined by counting the CD105-positive vascular endothelial cells.The correlations of VEGF and CD105-MVD,and those of CD105-MVD and clinicopathological data were analyzed by using SPSS 12.0.The expression of VEGF was significantly increased in epithelia(P=0.000),endothelia and stroma cells(P=0.005) in primary pterygia as compared with normal conjunctivae.The CD105-MVD in pterygia(mean 19.22±6.68) was higher than that in normal conjunctivae(mean 4.00±2.15,P=0.000).MVD in pterygia was significantly associated with the Tan classification(P=0.000) and the VEGF expression level in the stroma(P=0.020),but not with sex(P=0.61),age(P=0.150) or the VEGF expression level in the epithelia(P=0.518).Our results suggest that over-expression of VEGF and high CD105-MVD in primary pterygium may contribute to the progression by increasing angiogenesis and growth of primary pterygium.     

创伤骨科患者创伤严重程度和血浆D二聚体水平的相关分析

Background  The correlation between the plasma D-dimer level and deep vein thrombosis has not been conclusive in various studies. The aim of this research was to study the relationship between plasma D-dimer levels and the severity of orthopedic trauma by retrospective examination of orthopedic trauma cases.

Methods  Clinically acute trauma and non-acute trauma patients were selected and their plasma D-dimer levels were measured. Plasma D-dimer levels in patients of these two groups were compared. The relationship between the plasma D-dimer level and the severity of the trauma was also studied.

Results  There were 548 cases in the acute trauma group and 501 cases in the non-acute trauma group. The levels of plasma D-dimer were significantly higher in the acute trauma group than in the non-acute trauma group (P <0.01). In the acute trauma group, the correlation between the D-dimer level and the number of fractures was a positive linear correlation (r=0.9532).

Conclusions  Elevated plasma D-dimer is common in trauma patients. The D-dimer level and the number of fractures in the trauma patients are closely correlated. D-dimer is not only an indicator for the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolus, but also an indicator of the severity of trauma in acute trauma patients.

     

GMCSF对高氧暴露新生大鼠肺组织RAGE-NF-κB通路的影响

目的 探讨高氧暴露对新生大鼠肺组织高级糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)-核因子κB(NF-κB)信号通路的影响及粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GMCSF)肺损伤保护作用的相关机制.方法 24只3日龄新生大鼠随机平均分为3组:正常对照组(空气环境下7 d)、高氧对照组(95%氧暴露7 d)、高氧干预组(95%氧暴露7 d+GMCSF皮下注射9 μg/kg/次,共3次);光镜观察并盲法进行肺组织病理学损伤评分;RT-PCR法检测肺组织匀浆RAGE mRNA、NF-κB mRNA表达;Western印迹检测肺组织匀浆RAGE、NF-κB蛋白表达;ELISA检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)及血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平;免疫组化法检测肺组织石蜡切片RAGE表达情况.结果 正常对照组、高氧对照组、高氧干预组肺组织损伤评分分别为0.46±0.20、3.06±0.33、2.31±0.56,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);3组RAGE mRNA和蛋白表达分别为0.14±0.02、0.34±0.06、0.28±0.04和0.30±0.04、0.76±0.11、0.55±0.08,差异均有统计学意义(均P=0.000);3组NF-κB mRNA和蛋白表达分别为0.41±0.21、0.90±0.36、0.69±0.30和0.41±0.26、0.96±0.43、0.77±0.33,差异均有统计学意义(P=0.000和P=0.017);3组BALF中TNF-α水平分别为76±10、224±42、143±24,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).以上各指标结果在高氧对照组、高氧干预组均明显高于正常对照组(均P<0.05),高氧干预组低于高氧对照组(P<0.05).3组血清TNF-α水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 GMCSF可能通过下调RAGE-NF-κB信号通路对高氧肺损伤发挥保护作用.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GMCSF) on hyperoxia exposure lung injury in newborn rats and elucidate its protective mechanism of operating via the signaling pathway of advanced glycation end products (RAGE)-NF-κB.Methods Twenty-four 3-day-old SD rats from 3 litters were randomly divided into 3 groups. They were hyperoxia exposure plus GMCSF group (group A), hyperoxia exposure group (group B) and air exposure group (group C). The rats from groups A and B were placed in a sealed Plexiglas chamber with a minimal in-and-outflow, providing 6-7 exchanges per hour of chamber volume and maintaining O2 levels above 95%.While the rats in group C only were exposed to air simultaneously.The rats in group A received subcutaneous injections of recombinant murine GMCSF (9 μg/kg) during hyperoxia exposure at 24 h, 72 h and 120 h respectively. And the rats in groups B and C received subcutaneous injections of saline vehicle alone at the same time point. Seven days later, all were sacrificed and immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression of RAGE in lung tissue. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum samples were detected by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The RAGE mRNA and NF-κB mRNA in tissue homogenates were detected by RT-PCR while RAGE and NF-κB by Western blot. Also the values of lung damage score were calculated with microscopic histology.Results The value of lung damage score in group C, B and A was 0.46±0.20, 3.06±0.33 and 2.31±0.56 respectively, there was significantly difference among three groups (P=0.000). The expression of RAGE mRNA and protein in three groups were 0.14±0.02, 0.34±0.06, 0.28±0.04 and 0.30±0.04, 0.76±0.11, 0.55±0.08 respectively. There were both significantly differences among three groups (P=0.000, P=0.000). The expression of NF-κB mRNA and protein in three groups were 0.41±0.21, 0.90±0.36, 0.69±0.30 and 0.41±0.26, 0.96±0.43, 0.77±0.33 respectively, there were both significantly difference among three groups (P=0.000, P=0.017). The level of TNF-α in BALF was 76±10, 224±42 and 143±24 respectively, there was significantly difference among three groups (P=0.000). All indicators above in group B and group A were significantly more than those in group C (all P<0.05), while these indicators in group A were lower than those in group B. But there was no difference in the level of TNF-α of serum among three groups (P>0.05).Conclusion GMCSF may protect hyperoxia-induced lung injury via down-regulating the signaling pathway of RAGE-NF-κB.     

Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: On-Pump and Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Revascularization Techniques

Objective To analyze the short-term outcomes of redo coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) using on-pump and off-pump CABG techniques. Methods From January 2003 to August 2013, non-randomized 80 patients were treated with redo CABG in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. Among these patients, 40 underwent on-pump CABG technique(redo-ONCAB group) and 40 underwent off-pump CABG technique(redo-OPCAB group). Furthermore, transmyocardial laser revascularization was performed in high-risk patients who were not suitable to conventional grafting. Clinical data of the two groups were recorded and analyzed including operation time, coronary grafts, incomplete revascularization, postoperative ventilation, perioperative stroke, and low output syndrome, etc. Results There were no significantly differences in age, gender distribution, incidences of hypertension, stroke, and other clinical characteristics between redo-OPCAB group and redo-ONCAB group(all P>0.05), except for incidences of renal dysfunction and pulmonary disease(all P<0.05). The number of grafting vessels in the redo-ONCAB and redo-OPCAB groups was 2.1 ± 0.74 and 1.4 ±0.52 respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups(P=0.0243). Compared with the redo-ONCAB group, there was shorter operation time(P=0.0045), postoperative ventilation(P=0.0211) and intensive care unit stay(P=0.0400), as well as fewer use of platelet(P=0.0338) and blood transfusion(P=0.0034) in the redo-OPCAB group. The incidence of incomplete revascularization(P=0.0253) and the use of transmyocardial laser revascularization(P=0.0052) were higher in the redo-OPCAB group than those in the redo-ONCAB group(all P<0.05). However, no significant differences were showed for the incidence of the use of intra aortic balloon pump and continuous renal replacement therapy, perioperative stroke, low output syndrome, and in-hospital mortality between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Redo CABG is the safety and efficacy surgical procedure, and redo-OPCAB technique with better outcomes is commended especially in high-risk patients.     

Altered Nutrition State in the Severe Multiple Trauma Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Nutritional Support Therapy

In order to observe the nutrition state in the severe multiple trauma patients undergoing adjuvant recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) nutritional support therapy, 45 patients with severe multiple traumas (ISS>25) were randomly divided into 3 groups. All the 3 groups had been supplied with nitrogen and caloricity according to the need of patients for 16 days. The rhGH therapy started 48 h after surgery and lasted for 14 days in two rhGH-treated groups in which rhGH was 0.2 and 0.4 U/(kg·d) respectively, and the resting group served as control one. The levels of nitrogen balance, prealbumin and safety variables (blood sugar, Na , TT3 and TT4) were observed and com- pared among the three groups. The levels of nitrogen balance on the postoperative day (POD) 3 and 5 in the rhGH-treated groups were -1.28±3.19, 5.45±2.00 and -0.18±2.55, 6.11±1.60, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (-5.17±1.68 and -1.08±3.31, P<0.01). The values of prealbumin on the POD 3 and 5 in the rhGH-treated groups were 180.19±27.15, 194.44±50.82 and 194.94±29.65, 194.11±16.17, respectively, which were significantly higher than those in the control group (117.42±19.10 and 135.63±28.31, P<0.01). There was no sig- nificant difference between the rhGH 0.2 U/(kg·d) group and rhGH 0.4 U/(kg·d) group in both of the levels of nitrogen balance and prealbumin. It is concluded that the nutritional support therapy with adjuvant rhGH which starts 48 h after surgery improves the nutrition state of the patients with severe multiple trauma. It is safe for severe multiple trauma patients who accept rhGH at the dose of 0.2 and 0.4 U/(kg·d).     

Effect of Kuanxiong Aerosol(宽胸气雾剂)on Patients with Angina Pectoris:A Non-inferiority Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial

Objective: To evaluate the effect and safety of Kuanxiong Aerosol(宽胸气雾剂, KA) on patients with angina pectoris. Methods: Block randomization was performed to randomly allocate 750 patients into KA(376 cases) and control groups(374 cases). During an angina attack, the KA group received 3 consecutive sublingual sprays of KA(0.6 m L per spray). The control group received 1 sublingual nitroglycerin tablet(NT, 0.5 mg/tablet). Log-rank tests and Kaplan-Meier estimations were used to estimate the angina remission rates at 6 time-points after treatment(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 5 min). Logistic regression analysis was performed to observe the factors influencing the rate of effective angina remission, and the remission rates and incidences of adverse reactions were compared for different Canadian Cardiovascular Society(CCS) classes of angina. Results: The 5-min remission rates in the KA and control groups were not significantly different(94.41% vs. 90.64%, P0.05). The angina CCS class significantly influenced the rate of remission (95% confidence interval = 0.483–0.740, P0.01). In the CCS subgroup analysis, the 3-and 5-min remission rates for KA and NT were similar in the CCSⅠ and Ⅳ subgroups(P0.05), while they were significantly better for KA in the CCSⅡ and Ⅲ subgroups(P0.05 or P0.01). Furthermore, the incidence of adverse reactions was significantly lower in the KA group than in the control group for the CCSⅡ and Ⅲ subgroups(9.29% vs. 26.22%, 10.13% vs. 20.88%, P0.05 or P0.01). Conclusions: KA is not inferior to NT in the remission of angina. Furthermore, in CCSⅡ and Ⅲ patients, KA is superior to NT, with a lower incidence of adverse reactions.     

Acupuncture accelerates recovery after general anesthesia:a prospective randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Acupuncture anesthesia was created in the 1950’s in China and continues to be used there today during most major surgeries. It is widely used in China for such complex operations as brain, heart, and abdominal surgery. It is popular in China because it is economical, practical, and beneficial to the patients. With acupuncture anesthesia there is less bleeding during surgery and there is also quicker post-operative recovery.OBJECTIVE: This randomized prospective study aims at comparing the effect of two acupoints(Yongquan, KI1 and Renzhong, DU26) with sham acupuncture and no acupuncture on the time to recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia by means of the Bispectral Index monitor(BIS).DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. We randomly assigned 50 patients to 5 groups during recovery from surgical anesthesia. Four groups had acupuncture on KI1(group A), DU26(groups B), both KI1 and DU26(group C), and sham points(group D), and one had no acupuncture(group E).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bispectral Index(BIS), time to spontaneous eye opening, time to tracheal extubation, and time to following commands were measured as the main outcome measures.RESULTS: Time to spontaneous eye opening differed among groups(P=0.002), as well as time to tracheal extubation(P<0.000 1) and time to following commands(P=0.000 6). BIS values differed significantly among groups both 5 and 10 min after the end of anesthesia(P<0.000 1 and P=0.000 4,respectively). BIS values of groups D and E were lower than those of the other groups and those of group C were higher. The same pattern was observed also 15 and 30 min after the end of anesthesia, although the difference among groups was not significant at these time points(P=0.164 and P=0.104, respectively).CONCLUSION: Acupuncture on DU26 and KI1 accelerates recovery of consciousness after general anesthesia. Moreover, a possible synergistic effect of DU26 and KI1 is suggested. This issue may play a role in the optimization of operating room management and raise interest about the usefulness of acupuncture on unconsciousness states of different nature.     

Expression and Influence of Galectin-3 on Missed Abortion

Objective To explore the influence of galectin-3 on missed abortion. Methods Forty cases of normal intrauterine early pregnancy were randomly divided into 2 groups： surgical abortion group （group A, n=20） and medical abortion group （group B, n =20）. The third group was missed abortion group （group C, n =20） with the gestational age less than 13 weeks. Serum was isolated from the blood samples, collected and used for ELISA quantification of galectin-3. Villus and decidua tissues were collected from the abortus for immunohistochemical examination and real-time fluorescence relative quantitative PCR. Results The level of galectin-3 in the serum was the lowest in missed abortion group （P〈0.05）. Immunohistochemistry showed that galectin-3 expression in villus of missed abortion group was significantly lower than that of surgical abortion group （P〈0. 01）. Real-time fluorescence relative quantitative PCR showed that galectin-3 mRNA relative expression in villus of missed abortion group （2^-△△Ct=0. 04± 0. 01） was significantly lower than that of surgical abortion group （2^-△△Ct=1.00 ± 0.00）. Galectin-3 mRNA relative expression in deciduas of medical abortion group （2-zact=o. 08 ± 0.02） was s!gnificantly lower than that of surgical abortion group （2^-△△Ct=1.00 ± 0.00） （P〈0. 01）. Conclusion Galectin-3 is related to the development of villus and decidua during early pregnancy. The decreased expression of galectin-3 may promote the occurrence of missed abortion.     

Management of tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma

Objective To discuss treatment options for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 108 patients with biopsy-proven tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma, treated between 1984 and 2000, were reviewed, including 82 men and 26 women, with ages ranging from 19 to 70 years. Treatments consisted of either radiotherapy and surgery reserved as salvage treatment( Salvage Surgery, 83 patients), or planned surgery with preoperative radiation ( Planned Surgery, 25 patients). Radiotherapy was delivered primarily in a dosage of 60 -70 Gy for Salvage Surgery patients and 40 -50 Gy for Planned Surgery patients. Both salvage and planned surgeries were radical, with resection of the lateral oropharyngeal wall, segmental resection of the mandible and neck dissection.The pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps were used to repair surgical defects.Results The percentages of radical surgery used in the Salvage Surgery and Planned Surgery groups were 24. 1% (20/83) and 88.0% (22/25), respectively ( P=0. 000). The local recurrence rates were 28.9% (24/83) and 20.0% (5/25) in the Salvage Surgery and Planned Surgery groups,respectively (P= 0. 378). The neck recurrence rates were 9.6% (8/83) and 8. 0% (2/25) in the Salvage Surgery and Planned Surgery groups respeatively (P = 0. 804 ). The 5-year survival rates were 59.3% and 55. 3% in the Salvage Surgery and Planned Surgery groups, respeatively ( P = 0. 7056).Conclusions Although the two treatments had a similar survival rate, Salvage Surgery avoided 60% commando operations compared with the Planned Surgery group, which benefits to recovery of oral functions. Primary radiotherapy is recommended as the treatment of choice for tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma After radical radiotherapy, salvage surgery should be undertaken in the case of tumor remnants or recurrences.     

脊髓型颈椎病磁共振T2加权高信号部位与颈椎手术预后的关联性研究

目的 研究脊髓型颈椎病(CSM)磁共振12加权高信号(ISI)部位与手术疗效的相关性,探讨12加权高信号的产生原因和临床意义.方法 回顾性分析72例在我院手术治疗并随访的颈椎病患者,比较高信号位于脊髓中央灰质区(A亚组)、灰质+白质区(B亚组)和高信号阴性组之间术前临床症状(JOA评分)和术后疗效(脊髓功能改善率)的差异.结果 高信号阴性组有40例患者,阳性组中A亚组有21例,B亚组有11例.组间比较:(1)阳性组(A+B)和阴性组术前JOA评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但术后改善率无明显筹别[阳性组和阴性组术后1周、14周和52周改善率分别为:(20.8±14.5)%、(51.1±15.6)%、(60.1±14.2)%和(20.3±14.3)%、(54.4±22.3)%和(61.2±22.3)%,P>0.05].(2)阴性组和A亚组术后52周随访改善率均优于B亚组[阴性组、A亚组和B亚组术后52周改善率分别为(61.2±22.3)%、(64.3±13.3)%和(50.1±11.2)%,P<0.05].结论 高信号位于脊髓中央灰质患者术后疗效较高信号阴性患者无明显差异,高信号位于白质+灰质中提示预后较差.     

软镜下尿道会师术与传统会师术的临床疗效分析

目的 通过对软镜下尿道会师术与传统会师术的比较,探讨软镜下尿道会师术的临床应用价值.方法 选择北京积水潭医院2003年1月至2009年5月收治的尿道断裂患者58例,其中23例患者行软镜下尿道会师术(A组),35例患者行传统会师术(B组),比较两组在手术时间及术后并发症发生率等方面的差异.结果 所有58例患者均顺利完成手术,A组手术时间(29±10)min较B组(58±11)min明显缩短(P=0.000);A组术后尿道狭窄发生率为17.4%(4/23),低于B组(42.9%,15/35,P=0.043),A组假道形成的发生率为0(0/23),也低于B组(20%,7/35,P=0.035).两组患者在术后尿路感染、再次手术、尿失禁及勃起功能障碍的发生率差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05).结论 与传统尿道会师术相比,软镜下尿道会师术损伤小,术后并发症发生率低.     

荷包包埋法在胃癌根治术十二指肠残端处理中的临床意义

目的 评价荷包包埋法在胃癌根治术十二指肠残端处理中的临床应用价值.方法 回顾性分析1995年1月至2009年12月浙江省人民医院2034例因胃癌行全胃切除或胃次全切除术患者的临床资料,十二指肠残端行荷包包埋(A组)465例,十二指肠残端行直线切割闭合器关闭+浆肌层包埋(B组)835例,十二指肠残端行全层+浆肌层包埋(C组)734例.对比分析各组手术费用、十二指肠残端处理时间、术后近期并发症、术中出血量、术后恢复情况.结果 2034例患者术中无死亡,术后近期(1个月内)95例(4.7%)发生并发症,其中切口感染36例(37.9%),腹腔内出血18例(18.9%),吻合口漏14例(14.7%),3组之间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).A组患者术后未发生十二指肠残端漏,与B组(6例,0.72%)和C组(5例,0.68%)比较,差异有统计学意义(P=0.048).A组和C组的手术费用均显著低于B组[(9902±312)元和(9896±281)元比(13 129±237)元,均P=0.0001],A、C两组之间差异无统计学意义.A组和B组十二指肠残端处理时间均明显短于C组[(7.1±0.9)min和(7.6±0.8)min比(11.5±1.4)min,均P=0.0001],A、B两组之间差异无统计学意义.3组术中出血量、术后恢复情况差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 荷包包埋法处理十二指肠残端手术时间短,费用低廉,十二指肠残端漏发生率低,是胃癌手术十二指肠残端关闭的一种安全可靠、简单快捷的理想术式.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the clinical effect of pockets embedding in duodenal stump closure after gastrectomy for gastric cancer. Methods A total of 2034 patients undergoing gastrectomy from January 1995 to December 2009 at our hospital were reviewed. Among them, Group A ( n = 465 ) underwent pockets embedding for duodenal stump, Group B (n =835) line-cutting stapler and hand-sewing while Group C (re = 734) double layer hand-sewing. The operation cost, processing time of duodenal stump,recent post-operative complications (within 1 month), blood loss volume and post-operative recovery status were compared between 3 groups. Results No patient died of operation. Ninety-five cases (4. 7% )suffered recent post-operative complications. The most frequent complications included wound infection (36 cases, 37.9%), intra-abdominal hemorrhage (18 cases, 18.9%) and anastomotic leakage (14 cases,14.7% ). There was no significant difference in intra-abdominal bleeding, anastomotic leakage, abdominal infection, wound infection or duodenal stump leakage among 3 groups. There was no duodenal stump leakage in Group A. The difference was apparent in comparisons with Groups B (6 cases, 0. 72% ) and C (5 cases,0.68%). The operation costs of Groups A [(9902 ±312)RMB] and C [(9896 ±281)RMB] were significantly lower than that of Group B [(13 129 ± 237) RMB, P =0. 0001]. And there was no difference between Groups A and C. The processing time of duodenal stump in Groups A [(7. 1 ±0. 9) min] and B [(7.6±0. 8)min] were lower than that of Group C [(11.5 ±1.4)min, P=0.0001]. And there was no difference between Groups A and B. There was no significant difference in blood loss volume or postoperative recovery status among 3 groups. Conclusion The post-gastrotomic closure of duodenal stump with pockets embedding for gastric cancer has a short operation time, a low operation cost and a low rate ofduodenal stump leakage. It is a simple, prompt, promising and safe surgical procedure for gastric neoplasms.     

严重颈胸段后凸畸形的外科治疗策略

目的 探讨严重颈胸段后凸畸形的外科治疗策略.方法 回顾性分析2005年6月至2009年10月收治的7例严重颈胸段后凸畸形,男4例,女3例,年龄13 ～42岁,平均年龄23岁;其中先天畸形5例,颈胸段结核2例,平均后凸Cobb角89.3°(72 ～103°),JOA评分(11.2±1.2)分.术前行头盆环缓慢支撑牵引(25～40)d,部分纠正后凸,再在头盆环牵引下行颈胸段后路植骨融合内固定术.结果 术后JOA评分(15.4±1.6)分,平均后凸Cobb角53.4° (45～67°),平均矫正率40.2％.本组患者随访10～24个月(平均18个月),植骨均达到骨性融合,最后随访时平均矫正丢失2.5°.牵引过程中2例患者出现上肢放射性疼痛,后逐渐减轻.所有患者术中、术后未发生脊髓损伤及其他神经系统并发症.结论 头盆环缓慢支撑牵引后通过椎弓根螺钉系统完成后路原位固定及融合手术是治疗严重颈胸段后凸畸形的较为理想的选择.     

转氨酶水平在闭合性肝损伤患者中的意义

目的：研究血清转氨酶水平在闭合性肝损伤患者中的表达及意义。方法回顾性研究163例闭合性腹部损伤患者的血清转氨酶水平（肝损伤79例,非肝损伤84例）,观察其转氨酶水平与肝损伤的相关性。根据CT或者术中所见,将患者肝损伤进行分级,比较轻度肝损伤与重度肝损伤患者转氨酶水平的差异;根据治疗方法,分为保守治疗组和手术治疗组,比较两组患者转氨酶水平的差异。结果（1）闭合性肝损伤组患者入院时ALT水平为（358.21±77.48）U/L,AST水平为（416.32±88.00）U/L;非肝损伤组入院时ALT水平为（30.85±14.58）U/L,AST水平为（33.50±8.12）U/L,两组患者比较有统计学差异（均P=0.000）。ROC曲线显示诊断闭合性肝损伤时ALT阈值为53.00U/L,AST阈值为67.50 U/L。（2）轻度肝损伤组患者（24例）入院时ALT水平为（189.33±57.71）U/L,AST水平为（251.00±69.35）U/L;重度肝损伤组（55例）入院时ALT水平为（431.91±104.46）U/L,AST水平为（488.47±120.18）U/L。两组比较均有统计学差异（P=0.004、0.014）。（3）保守治疗组患者（52例）ALT水平为（311.10±93.03）U/L,AST水平为（367.48±103.40） U/L;手术治疗组（27例）ALT水平为（448.96±140.45）U/L,AST水平为（510.41±166.46）U/L,手术治疗组患者转氨酶水平高于保守治疗组,但无统计学差异（P=0.098、0.132）。结论闭合性腹部损伤患者升高的转氨酶水平对于闭合性肝损伤的诊断有较高的价值,显著升高的ALT水平提示严重肝损伤的发生。     

腹腔镜与开腹子宫内膜癌分期手术的临床对比研究

目的 探讨腹腔镜下分期手术治疗子宫内膜癌的必要性和可行性.方法 回顾性分析56例子宫内膜癌分期手术患者,比较腹腔镜和开腹两组的围手术期情况;分析术前术后分期的差异及原因.结果 手术时间腹腔镜组(213±49)min,开腹组(162±30)min;手术后血红蛋白下降值腹腔镜组为(12±8)g/L,开腹组为(19±8)g/L;差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).腹腔镜组术后住院时间、肛门恢复排气时间均短于开腹组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).两组留置导尿管时间、术后并发症发生率、淋巴结切除数量、住院费用等方面差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).临床与手术病理分期总符合率为57.14%.结论 腹腔镜下分期手术可作为早期子宫内膜癌的主要治疗术式.     

兔VX2肝癌模型的MR扩散加权成像与肿瘤恶性程度的相关性

目的 探讨不同时间点兔VX2种植性肝癌模型肿瘤实性部分的表观扩散系数(ADC)值与细胞密度和增殖细胞核抗原标记指数(PCNA-LI)的相关性.方法 将成功建立模型的38只实验兔随机分为两组,每组均为19只,分别在种植后第14天和21天行DWI检查,并对全部肿瘤标本行HE及PCNA染色.结果 (1)第21天肿瘤实性部分的ADC值(×10-3 mm2/s)均低于第14天(0.77±0.19 vs 1.00±0.24,P=0.007);(2)第21天肿瘤实性部分的细胞密度和PCNA-LI均高于第14天(63%±7% vs 43%±10%,P=0.011;80%±11% vs 56%±8%,P=0.008);(3)两个时间点肿瘤实性部分的ADC值均与其细胞密度和PCNA-LI呈负相关(r=-0.695,P=0.000;r=-0.698,P=0.000).结论 在影响兔VX2种植性肝癌模型肿瘤实性部分ADC值的因素中,细胞密度可能起关键作用,而肿瘤的恶性程度与其细胞密度、PCNA-LI密切相关,通过测量肿瘤实性部分的ADC值,有可能为在体推测肿瘤恶性程度提供新的方法.     

注意缺陷多动障碍儿童生存质量的评价

目的 评估注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的生存质量.方法 采用横断面病例对照研究设计.病例组为73例ADHD儿童(ADHD组),正常对照组(对照组)为与ADHD组性别、年龄匹配的98例正常儿童.使用儿科生存质量测定量表(pediatric quality of life inventoryTM version 4.0,PedsQLTM4.0)中文版普适性核心量表、Conners父母问卷对儿童及其父母评估.结果 调查的171个家庭中169个家庭完成问卷,应答率98.8%.ADHD儿童PedsQLTM4.0中文版儿童评分总分(72.7±13.0)比对照组(83.7±12.0)低(t=-49.3,P=0.000),父母报告评分总分(70.0±12.4)比对照组(82.4±11.2)低(t=-57.7, P=0.000).ADHD儿童心理领域分(儿童评分68.6±14.5,父母报告评分64.9±15.4)比生理领域分(儿童评分81.2±14.0,父母报告评分81.7±15.6)低(t=3.79、6.88,P=0.000).ADHD儿童Conners父母问卷总分(44.54±17.89)高于对照组(16.09±9.23)(t=100.08, P=0.000).ADHD儿童PedsQLTM4.0中文版角色功能儿童自评评分与Conners父母问卷学习问题、多动指数、总分呈负相关(r=-0.650、-0.630、-0.599, P=0.000).结论 ADHD儿童生存质量较正常儿童差,品行、学习、冲动控制等问题与之有关.     

2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性与甲状腺激素相关性分析

目的：探讨2型糖尿病患者胰岛素敏感性与甲状腺激素水平的关系,分析甲状腺激素与2型糖尿病病理关系。方法选择86例2型糖尿病患者列为观察组,选取同期健康体检者72例为对照组。所有患者实施空腹血浆葡萄糖（FPG ）、餐后2 h血糖（2 h PG）及甲状腺激素检测,包括游离四碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT4）、游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（FT3）、促甲状腺激素（TSH ）,计算胰岛素敏感性指数（ISI）,分析胰岛素敏感性与甲状腺激素水平的关系。结果观察组FT3、FT4、FT3／FT4、HOMA‐IR、ISI分别为（4．82±1．13）pmol／L、（13．12±4．36）pmol／L、0．39±0．08、2．94±0．37、－5．18±0．82,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,观察组TSH为（2．51±1．03）mU／L ,两组对比差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）;整体指标 HOMA‐IR与FT3呈负相关（r＝－0．543,P＝0．000）,与FT4呈正相关（r＝0．611,P＝0．000）,ISI与FT3呈正相关（r＝0．551,P＝0．001）,与FT4呈负相关（ r＝－0．599,P＝0．000）。结论甲状腺激素水平与胰岛素敏感性关系密切,甲状腺激素水平可能是2型糖尿病发病机制的部分病理原因。     

Position of Increased Signal Intensity in the Spinal Cord on MR Images: Does It Predict the Outcome of Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy?

Background Increased signal intensity （ISI） in the spinal cord on T2-weighted MR images has been reported in some previous researches, however no study focused on the position of the ISI in the spinal cord and its potential value. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between ISI position and the outcome of surgical treatment for cervical spondylotic myelopathy （CSM） patients. Methods A retrospective study was conducted. Pre- and post-operative clinical status was evaluated by modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score. ISI was evaluated according to the T2-weighted sequences. The JOA score and the recovery ratios among patients with ISI in gray matter （group A）, in both gray and white matter （group B）, and ISI-negative group were compared. Results Totally 64 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Preoperative JOA score of ISI positive and negative group had significant difference, but the recovery ratios had no significant difference （the recovery ratios of the two groups in week 1, week 26, and week 104 were （21.54±14.65）%, （50.56±14.76）%, （59.23±13.08）% and （20.25±14.32）%, （54.46±3.16）% and （61.26±29.4）%, respectively; P 〉0.05）. The recovery ratios of negative group and group A in week 104 were superior to group B （the recovery ratios of negative group, group A, and group B in week 104 were （61.26±29.49）%, （65.35±11.36）%, and （50.33±10.20）%, respectively; P 〈0.05）. Conclusions Patients with ISI in the gray matter alone on T2-weighted MR images did not have significantly different surgical outcomes compared with those without ISI. Patients with ISI in both gray and white matter had surgical outcomes that were worse than those without ISI.