抗氧化活性化合物3，4，4′，5-四羟基二苯乙烯的合成研究

目的抗氧化活性化合物3,4,4′,5-四羟基二苯乙烯的合成研究。方法以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸为起始原料,经过还原反应、卤代反应、Witting-Honner反应、缩合反应、脱甲基化反应五步制备3,4,4′,5-四羟甲基二苯乙烯,产物经1H-NMR、MS分析确认结构。结果3,4,4′,5-四羟基二苯乙烯总收率44．5％。结论该路线能顺利实现3,4,4′,5-四羟基二苯乙烯的合成。     

双吡啶酮缩氨基硒脲的合成工艺改进

目的：改进双（2-吡啶）酮缩-4-烯丙基-3-氨基硒脲（4）和双（2-吡啶）酮缩-4,4-二甲基-3-氨基硒脲（8）的合成工艺。方法以4-烯丙基-3-氨基硫脲为起始原料,经碘甲烷甲基化,硒氢化钠取代,最后与双（2-吡啶）酮脱水缩合制得终产物4;以4,4-二甲基-3-氨基硫脲为起始原料,与双（2-吡啶）酮脱水缩合,再经碘甲烷甲基化,硒氢化钠取代,最终制得终产物8;并优化各步反应条件。结果按照相应的合成路线有效制备了目标化合物4和8,目标化合物与中间体的结构均经1H NMR、MS谱确认。结论优化后的工艺路线具有成本低、操作简便、适合大量制备等优点。     

抗肿瘤药物dacomitinib的合成工艺

对抗肿瘤药物dacomitinib合成工艺进行改进。以4-氟-2-氨基苯甲酸为原料,经环合、硝化、卤代、偶联以及还原等反应,得到dacomitinib。目标化合物经质谱、核磁共振氢谱确证化学结构。以11步反应总收率36.1%,单步收率75%~90%合成目标化合物,无需特殊试剂和复杂分离纯化过程,降低了成本,优化了反应条件,操作更加简单实用。     

1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)哌嗪的合成

目的:研究α1受体拮抗剂化合物的重要中间体1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)哌嗪的合成.方法:以二乙醇胺为起始原料,经氯代反应制得β,β1-二氯代二乙基胺盐酸盐, 然后与2,3-二甲基苯胺经环合反应合成目标化合物.结果:得到1-(2,3-二甲基苯基)哌嗪盐酸盐,收率78%,其结构经核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、质谱证实与目标化合物的结构一致.结论:该路线工艺流程简单, 三废少且易处理,适合于工业化生产.     

E-(1-羟基-2,2-二甲基-6-苯亚甲基-3,3-亚乙二氧基环己基)乙酸的合成

本文报道了化合物E-(1-羟基-2,2-二甲基-6-苯亚甲基-3,3-亚乙二氧基环己基)乙酸(12)的合成路线。并以2,2-二甲基-1,3-环己酮为起始原料,经过单缩酮化、羟醛缩合、Reformatsky反应,酯水解四步反应制得目的物,总收率为13.9%。     

拉替拉韦的合成工艺改进

目的 改进HIV整合酶抑制剂拉替拉韦的合成工艺.方法 以2-甲基-2-氨基丙腈盐酸盐为原料,经氯甲酸苄酯保护、胺肟化、迈克尔加成并克莱森重排闭环、N-甲基化、酯基酰胺化、羟基保护、钯碳甲酸体系氢化还原脱保护、和5-甲基呕恶二唑甲酰氯进行酰化反应后,不经处理直接水解脱保护得到拉替拉韦.结果 目标化合物和关键中间体结构均经过1H NMR、13C NMR和MS确证.总收率为19.45%.结论 本合成工艺操作简便、安全,易于生产出符合原料药质量标准的产品.     

微波辐射合成1,4-二酮化合物

目的：研究在微波辐射下经Stetter反应合成1，4-二酮化合物的新方法。方法：以β-酮酸酯为原料，经胺解、与芳基甲醛缩合得α-芳基亚甲基-β-酮酰胺，在微波辐射下，对氟苯甲醛与α-芳基亚甲基-β-酮酰胺经Stetter反应加成得2-异丁酰基（或环丙甲酰基）-3，4-二芳基-4-氧代丁酰胺类1，4-酮化合物。结果：设计并合成了10个1，4-二酮化合物，其结构经IR、^1H NMR和MS确证。结论：微波合成技术应用于Stetter反应合成1，4-二酮化合物方法可行，比传统合成方法反应时间短且收率更高。     

E-(1-羟基-2,2-二甲基-6-苯亚甲基-3,3-亚乙二氧基环己基)乙酸的合成

本文报道了化合物E-(1-羟基-2,2-二甲基-6-苯亚甲基-3,3-亚乙二氧基环己基)乙酸(12)的合成路线。并以2,2-二甲基-1,3-环己酮为起始原料,经过单缩酮化、羟醛缩合、Reformatsky反应,酯水解四步反应制得目的物,总收率为13.9%。     

由间二氯苯合成2,4—二氟苯胺

以间二氯苯为原料，经硝化、氟代及还原反应合成２，４－二氟苯胺。探索了各步反应的工艺条件，对提高收率难度较大的氟代反应，研究了使用季铵盐类相转移催化剂时原料配比、反应温度及时间与收率之间的关系，并得到了较好的结果。硝化反应收率达９７％，氟代７０％，还原８９％。与其它方法相比，产品总收率由２２％～５０％提高到６０％以上，从而使文题所示的合成路线成为技术、经济上可行的方法。     

氯美噻唑乙二磺酸盐合成工艺改进

目的 合成乙二磺酸氯美噻唑优化其合成工艺.方法 3-溴-3-乙酰基丙醇为起始原料经与硫代甲酰胺环合,氯化亚砜氯代,乙二磺酸成盐三步反应合成目标化合物.结果 目标化合物结构经1H-NMR,MS确证.结论 工艺优化了反应条件,总收率达到29%.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…