云南省非结核分枝杆菌流行状况及病原谱分析

目的 分析云南省非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）流行状况及NTM病原谱和优势菌群,为云南省NTM的有效防治提供参考依据,以适应临床诊治工作需求。方法 对云南省2009、2013—2015年收集的5 406例临床分离分枝杆菌进行结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）与NTM鉴别,对鉴定为NTM的菌株进行菌种鉴定。结果 在5 406例临床分离分枝杆菌中共鉴别出NTM菌株87株,其中非结核分枝杆菌患者以男性为主,40岁以上患者多见。20~39岁患者占所有患者的18.39%,40岁以上占80.46%;患者的民族以汉族为主（占80.46%）,其次是彝族（8.05%）。优势流行的菌种前4位为胞内分枝杆菌、脓肿分枝杆菌、鸟分枝杆菌、偶发分枝杆菌,肺结核高中低疫情地区NTM分离率差异有统计学意义,且肺结核疫情与NTM分离率呈负相关。结论 云南省NTM分离率低,肺结核疫情高的地区非结核分枝杆菌分离率低,反之则高,地区差异明显,因此应加强NTM流行状况监测,同时结合优势菌种优化诊治流程,为临床早诊断、早治疗提供帮助。     

2013—2021年杭州某综合医院非结核分枝杆菌肺病流行状况分析

目的 分析杭州市结核病定点诊治医院2013—2021年非结核分枝杆菌（nontuberculosis mycobacteria,NTM）肺病的流行状况,为杭州市该病的临床防治诊疗及流行病学提供依据。方法 收集2013—2021年浙江大学医学院附属杭州市胸科医院结核科及呼吸与危重症医学科收治的疑似肺结核患者,经抗酸杆菌涂片及BACTEC MGIT960确诊为分枝杆菌感染,采用实时荧光聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction,PCR）检测结核分枝杆菌复合群（Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,MTB）与NTM的菌群鉴定,对鉴定为NTM的菌株采用HAIN基因分型鉴定法及DNA微阵列技术进行菌种鉴定,并对感染者的相关资料进行总结分析。结果 2013—2021年,从37 520例疑似肺结核患者标本中分离出NTM菌株1257株,检出率从2013年的0.8%上升到2021年的6.7%。患者中男性占50.76%,女性占49.24%。年龄分布上,60~79岁的中老年患者最多,占55.0%。2013年检出3种NTM菌种,分别是胞内分枝杆菌、脓肿分枝杆菌和龟/脓肿分枝杆菌;2021年菌种分布达13种,前三位分别是胞内分枝杆菌、龟/脓肿分枝杆菌和鸟分枝杆菌。结论 2013—2021年杭州地区NTM检出率持续升高,感染人群以男性、60~79岁的中老年为主,感染菌种以胞内分枝杆菌、龟/脓肿分枝杆菌和鸟分枝杆菌为主。     

非结核分枝杆菌在活动性肺结核患者中的病原监测结果分析

目的对活动性肺结核患者的病原菌进行监测,为临床诊断和治疗提供依据。方法对正定县疾控结核门诊2012年1月1日~2012年12月31日期间确诊的198例活动性肺结核患者采集痰标本(其中痰涂片阳性62例,痰涂片阴性136例),用传统方法进行培养、菌群鉴定和药物敏感试验(INH、RFP、EMB、SM、OFX、KM 6种药物)。对确诊的非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)患者进行病史追查、治疗随访。结果涂片阳性患者培养阳性59例,涂阳培阳率95.16%,菌群鉴定结果:结核分枝杆菌56例、非结核分枝杆菌3例,非结核分枝杆菌占涂阳培阳的5.08%,占涂阳患者的4.84%。涂片阴性培养阳性36例,涂阴培阳率26.47%,菌群鉴定结果:结核分枝杆菌30例、非结核分枝杆菌6例,非结核分枝杆菌占涂阴培阳的16.67%,占全部涂片阴性的4.41%。9例非结核分枝杆菌患者的药敏结果:1例新涂阳患者对6种药物全敏感、1例复发涂阳患者对6种药物均耐药,其余患者对6种药物不同类型有不同的耐药情况。非结核分枝杆菌病病史:3例有明确的结核病史、3例症状持续数年但未明确诊断、3例为新发患者,1年以上病史者占66.67%。结论非结核分枝杆菌肺病被误诊为活动性肺结核的现象不容忽视,尤其是病史较长的活动性肺结核患者;痰培养、菌群鉴定和药敏试验应成为指导临床诊断和治疗的依据。     

播散性非结核分枝杆菌病的临床和实验室检查特征

目的 了解非艾滋病患者播散性非结核分枝杆菌(NTM)病的临床、实验室检查特征及疾病预后。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2018年10月在北京协和医院确诊的播散性NTM病患者的临床资料、实验室检查结果、治疗方案及其预后。结果 23例非艾滋病播散性NTM病患者中,21例存在基础疾病,以风湿免疫病(7例)最常见。主要表现为发热(23例)。辅助检查提示多存在贫血[血红蛋白(85.78±25.47)g/L]、低白蛋白血症[白蛋白29(27~32)g/L];血沉[(85.73±43.78)mm/h]和超敏C反应蛋白[(112.00±70.90)mg/L] 升高及淋巴细胞计数降低[0.69(0.29~2.10)×10 ⁹/L]。淋巴细胞亚群分析提示CD4 ⁺T细胞[213(113~775)个/μl]、CD8 ⁺T细胞[267(99~457)个/μl]、B淋巴细胞[39(4~165)个/μl]、NK细胞[88(32~279)个/μl]降低和CD8 ⁺T细胞的D抗原相关人类白细胞抗原(HLA-DR)、CD38表达比例[HLA-DR ⁺CD8 ⁺/CD8 ⁺ 60(40~68)%和CD38 ⁺CD8 ⁺/CD8 ⁺ 81(65~90)%]升高。最常见病原体为胞内分枝杆菌(6例)。死亡患者淋巴细胞、CD8 ⁺T细胞、B细胞和NK细胞计数低于存活患者(P值分别为0.045、0.045、0.032和0.010)。 结论 非艾滋病患者播散性NTM病主要表现为发热、贫血、低蛋白血症、炎症指标升高,多发生于有基础病和免疫功能下降患者。淋巴细胞、CD8 ⁺T淋巴细胞、B细胞计数和NK细胞下降患者可能更易死亡。     

赣榆县结核杆菌与非结核杆菌感染情况及菌株耐药分布研究

目的了解本地区典型肺结核病人结核分枝杆菌与非结核分枝杆菌感染及菌株耐药分布情况。方法收集2008年6月-2009年底我县典型肺结核病人痰标本,进行直接痰涂片检查、痰菌培养、耐药检测及结核分枝杆菌及非结核杆菌鉴定。结果 345例痰标本检出306例菌株。结核分枝杆菌288株,占94.12%,对H、R、E、S4种一线抗痨药耐药率分别为18.06%、18.40%、8.33%、21.53%;非结核分枝杆菌18株,对H、R、E、S4种一线抗痨药耐药率分别为100%、33.3.3%、33.33%、100%。结论本地区结核病人对一线抗痨药物耐药情况较为严重,非结核分枝杆菌感染比例较高,在今后工作中值得重视。     

艾滋病与非结核分枝杆菌的双重感染研究进展

非结核分枝杆菌（non-tuberculous mycobacterium,NTM）感染是指除了结核分枝杆菌复合群和麻风分枝杆菌以外的分枝杆菌引起的感染。属于条件致病菌,常见于有基础疾病和存在免疫缺陷的患者,最好发于HIV感染者,被认为是引起艾滋病患者发生常见机会性感染的病原菌之一,尤其常见于CD4⁺T细胞小于50个/μL的艾滋病患者。近年来,由非结核分枝杆菌引起的感染在全球各地的报道呈现明显上升趋势,严重威胁着人类尤其是艾滋病患者的健康。由于NTM感染的相关临床症状、体征以及影像学表现等缺乏典型,容易被误诊为结核感染,且病死率高。故了解NTM的病原学分类、感染途径、HIV患者感染NTM后两者之间的相互作用机制,以及该病相关临床表现、实验室诊断方法和目前关于该病的治疗方法等显得至关重要,因此本综述就上述内容的研究进展做一概述。     

老年机械通气患者非结核分枝杆菌肺病的临床分析（附4例报告）

目的：探讨应用机械通气的老年患者非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）肺病的临床特征。方法回顾性分析解放军总医院4例老年机械通气合并NTM肺病患者的病历资料,并复习相关文献。结果4例患者均合并慢性阻塞性肺疾病、特发性间质性肺炎、支气管扩张症等慢性肺部基础病,确诊前均曾被疑诊为肺结核。临床症状无特异性,均有发热和咯痰,1例合并痰中带血。胸部CT表现多样,呈结节影、片状实变影和胸腔积液等,未出现典型的结节支气管扩张型和纤维空洞型征象。分枝杆菌培养均可见快速生长分枝杆菌,菌种鉴定1例为龟分枝杆菌,3例为脓肿分枝杆菌。1例脓肿分枝杆菌肺病患者接受药物治疗,其余3例因多器官功能障碍而未行抗分枝杆菌治疗,4例均死于多器官功能衰竭。结论 NTM是导致老年呼吸机相关肺炎的病原菌,感染症状无特异性,典型NTM肺病影像特征并不常见。对痰抗酸杆菌染色阳性的老年机械通气患者应重视NTM的培养和菌种鉴定。     

A Retrospective Study of Culture-confirmed Mycobacterial Infection among Hospitalized HIV-infected Patients in Beijing,China

A retrospective analysis was performed in two major HIV/AIDS referral hospitals in Beijing to evaluate the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infections in HIV-infected patients. A total of 627 patients' data were reviewed, and 102 (16.3%) patients were diagnosed with culture-confirmed mycobacterial infection, including 84 with MTB, 16 with NTM, and 2 with both MTB and NTM. The most frequent clinical complication by mycobacterial infection was pulmonary infection (48/102, 47.1%). The overall rates of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) were 11.9% and 3.4%, respectively. This study underlines the urgent need to intensify screening for mycobacteria coinfection with HIV and to prevent the spread of drug-resistant TB among HIV-infected patients.     

免疫层析法检测MPT64蛋白在结核与非结核分枝杆菌鉴定中的临床应用价值

目的评价免疫层析法检测MPT64蛋白鉴别结核与非结核分枝杆菌的临床应用价值。方法采用免疫层析法检测201株分枝杆菌,其中包括4株结核分枝杆菌复合群(mycobacterium tuberculosis complex,MTC)标准株、135株结核分枝杆菌(mycobacterium tuberculosis,MTB)临床分离株、17株非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculosis mycobacterium,NTM)标准株和45株NTM临床分离株的MPT64蛋白。结果 4株MTC标准菌株和135株MTB临床分离株中,138株MPT64蛋白检测阳性,1株检测为阴性,敏感性为99.3%(138/139),17株NTM标准株和45株NTM临床分离株MPT64蛋白检测均为阴性,特异性为100%(62/62),201株结核和非结核分枝杆菌MPT64蛋白检测的准确度为99.5%(200/201)。结论应用免疫层析法检测MPT64蛋白鉴别结核与非结核分枝杆菌敏感性高,特异性强,方法简便、快速、准确,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

非结核分枝杆菌耐药情况分析

目的探讨非结核分枝杆菌(non-tuberculosis mycobacterium,以下简称NTM)的流行病学特征,观察和分析NTM的耐药情况,为NTM肺病的防治策略提供科学依据。方法对2006～2010年期间收集的分枝杆菌进行药物敏感性测定、菌种鉴定,对鉴定为NTM的病例进行综合分析。结果 5年间对765个菌株进行了结核分枝杆菌和非结核分枝杆菌的菌型鉴,确诊为NTM的为79株(10.32%),其中77株对异烟肼、对氨基水杨酸钠、乙胺丁醇、利福平、链霉素等常用抗结核药物存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率高达97.46%,且大多菌株同时对多种抗结核药物耐药。结论 NTM对抗结核药物具极高的耐药性。为此,对可疑肺结核患者应尽可能进行痰分离培养和多种抗结核药物敏感性测定。研究、探索抗NTM的新药及更为有效的诊断方法是当务之急。     

Nontuberculous mycobacteria: susceptibility pattern and prevalence rate in Shanghai from 2005 to 2008

Background An increasing incidence of disease caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria （NTM） is being reported. The purpose of this study was to determine the isolation rates of NTM from various clinical specimens, and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, over a 4-year period in Shanghai. Methods All NTM isolated between 2005 and 2008 at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, a key laboratory of mycobacteria tuberculosis in Shanghai, China, were identified with conventional biochemical tests and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility for all NTM was determined using the BACTEC MGIT 960 system. Results A total of 21 221 specimens were cultured, of which 4868 （22.94%） grew acid fast bacilli （AFB）, and 248 （5.09%） of the AFB were NTM. The prevalence rate of NTM was determined as 4.26%, 4.70%, 4.96% and 6.38% among mycobacteria culture positive samples in years 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. These data indicated that the prevalence rate has continuously increased. Sixteen different species of NTM were identified, the most commonly encountered NTM in Shanghai were M. chelonae （26.7%）, followed by M. fortuitum （15.4%）, M. kansasii （14.2%）, M. avium-intracellulare complex （13.1%） and M. terrae （6.9%）. The rare species identified were M. marinum, M. gastri, M. triviale, M. ulcerans, M. smegmatis, M. phlci, M. 9ordonae, M. szulgai, M. simiae, M. scrofulaceum and M. xenopi. The five most commonly identified NTM species showed high drug resistance to general anti-tuberculosis drugs, particularly, M. chelonae and M. fortuitum appear to be multi-drug resistance. Conclusions The prevalence of NTM in Shanghai showed a tendency to increase over the course of the study. The five most commonly isolated NTM species showed high drug resistance to first line anti-tuberculosis drugs.     

Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease identified during community-based screening for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: a case report

There is a rising prevalence of Non-Tuberculous Mycobacterial (NTM) disease in sub-Saharan Africa identified on culture specimens. However, distinguishing mycobacterial colonisations from infection from identified NTMs on culture in the sub-Saharan Africa setting remains to be established. A 49-year-old man presented with the cardinal symptoms of tuberculosis (TB) in a community TB prevalence survey in Blantyre, Malawi. Mycobacteriology was atypical, prompting a line probe assay which revealed Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) species.The epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) is better known than that of NTM. Up-scaling culture and speciation may be a solution to this gap in knowledge of the burden of disease of NTM. Like most resource-poor settings, TB culture is not routinely done in the diagnosis and management of TB in Malawi. Furthermore, the treatment of NTM is not analogous to that of MTBC. The multi-drug regimens used for NTM disease treatment includes a newer macrolide (azithromycin, clarithromycin), ethambutol, and rifamycin, and require prolonged durations of therapy aimed at facilitating clearance of the mycobacteria and minimizing the emergence of drug resistance. Clinicians must thus be aware of this rising burden of NTM disease and consider other diagnostic options to better investigate this disease in patients.     

应用PCR-反向斑点杂交快速鉴定分枝杆菌菌种

目的：应用聚合酶链反应-反向斑点杂交法（PCR-RDBHA）快速鉴定分枝杆菌至种的水平。方法：以分枝杆菌rpoβ基因编码序列为靶基因,应用PCR-RDBHA检测126株分枝杆菌临床分离株。以PCR-DNA测序为对照,对经PCR-RDBHA鉴定为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）的临床分离株进行PCR-DNA测序。结果：126株临床分离株中,经鉴定115株（91.3%）为结核分枝杆菌复合群（MTC）,11株（8.7%）为NTM。NTM中,4株胞内分枝杆菌,1株堪萨斯分枝杆菌,1株戈登分枝杆菌,2株瘰疬分枝杆菌,3株脓肿分枝杆菌。11株NTMPCR-RDBHA与PCR-DNA测序结果一致。结论：PCR-RDBHA能鉴定分枝杆菌临床分离株至种的水平,方法简便、快速,结果准确,具有良好的临床应用价值。     

基因芯片快速鉴定分枝杆菌菌种方法的建立

目的：利用基因芯片技术,建立一种能快速、准确鉴定分枝杆菌菌种的方法,并验证其临床应用价值。方法根据23种分枝杆菌基因序列设计特异性探针并制作基因芯片,通过PCR‐反向点杂交鉴定23种分枝杆菌标准菌株、9种非分枝杆菌和103株分枝杆菌临床分离株的菌种。结果应用基因芯片技术检测23种分枝杆菌标准菌株和9种非分枝杆菌菌株,特异性为100％。103株临床分离株经鉴定87株为结核杆菌复合群（MTC）;16株为非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）,其中脓肿分枝杆菌5株、胞内分枝杆菌3株、鸟分枝杆菌3株、偶发分枝杆菌2株,以及堪萨斯分枝杆菌、海分枝杆菌、戈登分枝杆菌各1株。103株临床分离株鉴定结果与测序法完全一致,该方法最低检出限为103copy／mL。结论采用基因芯片技术能快速鉴定分枝杆菌菌种,并区分MTC和NTM,具有简便快速及准确性、特异性、灵敏度高的优点。     

结核分枝杆菌IS6110和IS1081微滴数字PCR检测体系的建立和应用

目的 建立结核分枝杆菌IS6110和IS1081微滴数字PCR(droplet digital PCR,ddPCR)检测体系,并用于不同类型临床样本的检测.方法 常规提取13株结核分枝杆菌和14株非结核分枝杆菌临床分离株DNA,9例结核分枝杆菌阳性肺结核患者和4例其他肺部疾病患者痰DNA,12例结核分枝杆菌阳性肺结核患者和7例健康者血浆DNA.设计合成IS6110和IS1081扩增引物和检测探针,建立ddPCR检测体系.应用该体系检测分枝杆菌、痰和血浆3种DNA样本中靶标拷贝数,进行统计学分析.结果 建立了能同时检测IS6110和IS1081的ddPCR体系,该体系检测2个靶标的线性范围分别为0.5～8 733和0.2～2 893拷贝/μl反应体系.该体系具有较好的重复性(r＞0.95),以非结核分枝杆菌为对照检测结核分枝杆菌的灵敏度和特异度均为100％.在痰和血浆DNA样本检测中,2个靶标拷贝数在肺结核组均显著高于对照组.结论 结核分枝杆菌特异性核酸的ddPCR体系,可用于肺结核患者临床分离株、痰和血浆样本的微量核酸检测,对提高结核病病原学诊断能力有重要意义.     

非结核分枝杆菌肺病的回顾性分析

目的：分析湖南省长沙市中心医院近3年来非结核分枝杆菌(nontuberculous mycobacteria,NTM)肺病 患者的临床特征及耐药情况。方法：回顾性分析2014年2月至2017年5月于湖南省长沙市中心医院确诊的153例 NTM肺病患者临床资料,根据药敏试验浓度分为低浓度组和高浓度组,检测两组的药物敏感性及耐药状况。 结果：153例患者中男79例(51.63%),女74例(48.37%),年龄为(60.27±19.46)岁;NTM 肺病常见于支气管扩张患者, 病程较长(平均7.8年), 临床症状无特异性,极易误诊为肺结核(92.81%)。菌种以鸟/胞内分枝杆菌(56.21%)和龟/脓肿 分枝杆菌(20.92%)多见;对一线、二线抗结核药的耐药率高,多数耐 8 种药物以上,其中低浓度组38.56%的患者全部耐药,高浓度组25.49%的患者全部耐药。结论：NTM肺病极易误诊,且耐药率高,NTM的菌种鉴定和药物敏感性检测对临床的诊断和治疗有重要的指导作用。     

NATIONAL TUBERCULOSIS CONTROL STRATEGY IN THE POST HIV PERIOD

The tuberculosis situation in the country is a matter of great concern since the disease has not been contained. The problem has been further compounded by the emerging problem of HIV infection in the country together with development of multi-resistant tubercle bacilli. There is, therefore, a need to change our National Tuberculosis Control Strategy without disturbing the basic infrastructure of the National Tuberculosis Programme. Changes such as reinforcement of the District Tuberculosis Centre, HIV and drug sensitivity testing, giving up of long term chemotherapy, BCG vaccination policy, chemoprophylaxis policy and involvement of Non-Governmental Organisations and general practitioners are suggested.KEY WORDS: Human immunodeficiency virus, TuberculosisDespite existence of the National Tuberculosis Programme for over 3 decades, the situation of tuberculosis is grim in the country. Tuberculosis is responsible for 500,000 deaths annually in India [1]. According to an estimate, there were 10 million radiologically active cases of pulmonary tuberculosis in India in 1981 of which 2.5 million were infectious and as many as 50% people in India are infected by tubercle bacilli although they may appear healthy [2]. As per the estimates, there are more than 4 million people, mostly in developing countries, who have been infected with both HIV and tuberculosis [3]. HIV infection, by progressively impairing cell mediated immunity, appears to be the highest risk factor for reactivation of tuberculosis into an active disease [4]. It is a well known fact that HIV infection is spreading unabated throughout the length and breadth of the country and as per the estimates, by 2000 AD, 400,000 HIV infections will have occurred in the country. Thus tuberculosis can be considered as the most important candidate as an opportunistic infection in HIV infected individuals in the country. There is every possibility of the problem being compounded by infections or reinfections occurring with multi-drug resistant strains of tubercule bacilli [5]. As it is, the problem of drug resistant strains throughout the country remains unmapped and any emergence of such new strains may lead to their spread both among HIV infected persons as well as the general population. In such a complicated scenario it has become imperative to take a second look at our National Tuberculosis Programme and make changes consistent with the emerging problems. Suggested changes are as following:     

Mycobacterium riyadhense infections

Mycobacterium riyadhense is a newly described slowly growing, non-tuberculous mycobacterium species. We describe 2 new cases of Mycobacterium riyadhense infections presenting with extra-pulmonary involvement, and reviewed all previously reported cases in the literature. We also describe the spectrum of the disease and explore treatment options based on the experience with the current and previously reported cases.Non-tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous in the environment with a worldwide distribution. They are capable of causing infections in immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals, and can also colonize and infect patients in healthcare settings.1 Although pulmonary involvement is the most common form of NTM infections, a range of extra-pulmonary presentations has been reported.2 Despite the recent advances in diagnostic tools, infections with NTM continue to represent diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Mycobacterium riyadhense (M. riyadhense) is a newly described NTM species that was first isolated from a patient in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) who presented with maxillary sinus infection in the year 2009.3 Ironically, a commercial line-probe assay misidentified this isolate as a member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) complex. Further testing of the isolate as part of a second-line quality assurance program has lead to the recognition of its unique biochemical and molecular characteristics that are different from those of all previously recognized mycobacteria species. Consequently, a novel species was discovered, and was given the name M. riyadhense, after the city of Riyadh, KSA where it was first isolated.3 The report of this novel species was followed by 2 other reports describing 3 additional cases from France, Bahrain,4 and Korea,5 all presenting with pulmonary infections. Our current knowledge regarding this newly recognized NTM species, the diversity of its clinical presentations, and available treatment options are limited. In this report, we describe 2 additional cases of M. riyadhense infections with unusual extra-pulmonary presentations, and review all previously reported cases in the English literature to shed more light on this newly described NTM species.     

反向膜杂交技术检测结核分枝杆菌耐药株的临床价值研究

目的评价反向膜杂交技术对于肺结核病患者的结核分枝杆菌耐药基因检测的临床应用价值。方法利用反向膜杂交技术检测了40株耐药结核分枝杆菌培养分离株、10株非结核分枝杆菌培养分离株、240例肺结核患者痰标本的rpoB、katG,、inhA突变基因。240例痰标本同时进行结核菌培养。106株膜芯片检测阳性样本测序验证。结果特异性方面：膜芯片检测40株结核分枝杆菌培养分离株,均为阳性;10株非结核分枝杆菌培养分离株,均为阴性。灵敏度方面：膜芯片检测240例临床痰标本中,66例结核分枝杆菌阳性,占27.5%。耐药基因准确性方面：106例膜芯片检测阳性的样本进行测序验证,两者结果完全一致。结论反向膜杂交技术可快速检测结核分枝杆菌对利福平和异烟肼的耐药突变基因,与常规结核分枝杆菌培养、测序检测耐药基因的结果相符,可应用于临床。     

重庆市流行非结核分枝杆菌菌种鉴定及感染人群特征

目的 了解重庆地区非结核分枝杆菌（NTM）流行的优势菌种和NTM感染人群的特征。方法 回顾分析2016年7月—2017年12月在重庆市公共卫生医疗救治中心就诊,并经分枝杆菌菌种PCR-反向点杂交法鉴定为NTM和NTM混合感染的患者资料。结果 95例NTM感染病例,单一NTM感染共 80例,其中快生长分枝杆菌（RGM）2种,脓肿分枝杆菌31例（38.75%）,偶发/猪分枝杆菌14例（17.50%）;慢生长分枝杆菌（SGM）5种,胞内分枝杆菌25例（31.25%）,鸟分枝杆菌5例（6.25%）,戈登分枝杆菌3例（3.75%）,堪萨斯分枝杆菌2例（2.50%）;分枝杆菌混合感染共15例,其中TB和NTM 混合感染11例, NTM混合感染4例。单一NTM感染病例中,男性多于女性,胞内分枝杆菌感染者男性比例最高。而NTM混合感染者中,性别比例均接近1∶1。单一NTM感染者主要集中于20~<30岁和40~<60岁之间,而TB和NTM混合感染者在30~<50岁之间最多。脓肿分枝杆菌感染者主要在20~59岁之间,胞内分枝杆菌感染者主要分布于40~<79岁之间,偶发/猪分枝杆菌的患者集中于60岁以下。结论 重庆市NTM的主要流行优势种类以脓肿分枝杆菌和胞内分枝杆菌为主,感染者男性多于女性,以20~<30岁和40~<60岁之间最多,对于不同种类的NTM,感染者的年龄分布和性别比例有所不同。