坎地沙坦酯速释及缓释固体分散体的制备研究

目的制备坎地沙坦酯速释和缓释固体分散体,提高坎地沙坦酯生物利用度。方法用固体分散体技术制备坎地沙坦酯速释和缓释固体分散体,并将制备方法对体外释放度的影响进行分析。结果聚乙二醇6000、泊洛沙姆188为混合载体的速释型固体分散体与物理混合物对比,药物的溶出速率和溶出量明显提高。乙基纤维素（EC）的黏度对缓释型固体分散体有较大影响;释放调节剂PEG的使用比例影响缓释效果;药物与载体用量的比例控制在1∶4~1∶6之间缓释效果较好。结论速释和缓释固体分散体均能提高药物的溶出量,以乙基纤维素为载体的固体分散体缓释效果明显。     

葛根素固体分散体的分散状态及其体外评价

目的制备葛根素缓释固体分散体,考察其分散状态。方法以乙基纤维素为载体,制备葛根素缓释固体分散体,利用X射线衍射试验、差示扫描量热法对葛根素在其中的分散状态进行研究。并对该胶囊进行体外溶出度研究。结果X射线衍射图表明葛根素在固体分散体中有一部分葛根是以分子状态分散,而另一部分可能以微晶体状态分散。差示扫描量热法试验结果表明,所制备的缓释固体分散体中不存在药物结晶。溶出度试验结果表明,该缓释胶囊具有良好的缓释效果。结论采用固体分散技术制备的葛根素缓释固体分散体完全可以使药物达到高度分散状态,制备的葛根素缓释固体分散体具有较好的缓释效果。     

灯盏花素缓释包衣微丸的制备工艺研究

目的:制备灯盏花素缓释微丸,并对其体外释药情况进行研究.方法:以圆整度、收率、外观硬度为考察指标,筛选出灯盏花素载药丸芯适宜的充填剂辅料为微晶纤维素和乳糖,以L9(34)正交表筛选出最佳载药丸芯制备工艺,并在流化床内采用缓释包衣液对其进行包衣,制备灯盏花素缓释微丸.结果:筛选出的最佳工艺条件为A3B3C3,即30％的微晶纤维素、3min的滚圆时间、800rpm的滚圆机转速频率,采用以乙基纤维素(EC)为阻滞剂的缓释包衣液对微丸进行缓释膜控包衣,成功地制备了灯盏花素缓释微丸.结论:本工艺科学合理,制剂稳定,灯盏花素缓释微丸体外释药缓慢、持续、平稳.     

乙基纤维素胶乳的制备及其评价

采用“转相－溶媒蒸发”技术，将乙基纤维素制成胶乳分散体，从温度、粒度、粘度等考察了该材料的物理特性及其稳定性，并评价了该材料所形成膜的性能。     

乙基纤维素水分散体包衣微丸的体外释药特性研究

以乙基纤维素水分散体Ａｑｕａｃｏａｔ和Ｓｕｒｅｌｅａｓｅ为包衣材料,流化床包衣制备盐酸苯丙醇胺缓释微丸,研究微丸在不同ＰＨ介质中的释药特性和微丸释药机制。结果表明,Ｓｕｒｅｌｅａｓｅ包衣微丸的体外释放度不受介质ＰＨ影响,而未热处理的Ａｑｕａｃｏａｔ包衣微丸可能出现ＰＨ依赖性药现象,通过包衣后热处理或增塑剂的选择可以避免这一现象。包衣微丸体外释药机制为：渗透压驱动作用下药物通过衣膜的扩膜。     

乙基纤维素-壳聚糖包衣膜处方的优化

目的筛选适合制备乙基纤维素一壳聚糖混合包衣膜的用量配比及增塑剂。方法配制不同比例乙基纤维素一壳聚糖混合溶液,加入不同浓度的增塑剂,考察溶液的粘稠度和干膜的形态,筛选乙基纤维素和壳聚糖的最佳比例以及增塑剂最佳浓度,然后固定这两种因素,加入不同增塑剂制成干／湿膜,研究不同膜的玻璃化温度、机械性质、吸水性及渗透性和增塑剂的溶解性。结果随着壳聚糖比例增加,混合包衣液的粘度逐渐下降,包衣膜形态逐渐均匀,并以6：20为转折点。增塑剂的浓度对混合包衣膜的性质并无显著性影响。以水不溶性增塑剂制备的混合膜稳定性和机械性较好。结论乙基纤维素与壳聚糖在邻苯二甲酸丁酯等水不溶性增塑剂作用下以一定比例混合形成性能优良的混合包衣材料。     

采用多元定时释药技术制备复方中药舒胸缓释胶囊的研究

目的：采用多元定时释药技术制备复方中药舒胸缓释制剂。方法：将处方药材精制后的制备成舒胸微丸。使用流化床包衣设备，先以一定比例的羧丙基甲基纤维索（HPMC）、十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）分别与低取代羟丙基纤维素（L-HPC）配成包衣液进行包衣作为溶胀层。然后以乙基纤维素水分散体（Surelease）进行包衣作为控释层，制备包衣微丸。等量称取控释层包衣增重分别为0％、9％、15％、18％和20％的包衣微丸。混合均匀，装入硬胶囊中，即得舒胸缓释胶囊。结果：当溶胀层处方及用量固定后，通过控制控释层的厚度。可使包衣微丸在预期的不同时间定时释药。将几种控释层增重不同的包衣微丸混合后制成舒胸缓释胶囊。在溶出介质中，各种包衣微丸可以在不同时间依次释药，从而在整体上呈现出一种缓释特征。在模拟人体胃肠道pH变化条件下，舒胸缓释胶囊中红花黄色素和三七总皂苷体外释放的？2值为90．1，红花黄色素和阿魏酸的？2值为77．3，三七总皂苷与阿魏酸的？2值为87．0。表明三者的释放度差异无显著性，而且均呈现出明显的缓释特征。结论：采用定时释药技术制备而成的复方中药舒胸缓释微丸制剂中理化性质不同的各成分在缓释的同时可以达到同步释放，遵循了中药制剂复方配伍的整体观和用药思想。     

盐酸哌甲酯缓释微丸的制备及处方优化

目的:制备盐酸哌甲酯缓释微丸,并对其体外释药情况进行研究.方法:采用流化床包衣技术制备盐酸哌甲酯缓释微丸.对包衣材料种类、配比及用量进行选择,建立HPLC法测定包衣微丸体外释放度.HPLC色谱条件:色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(5 μm,200 mm×4.6 mm);流动相:甲醇-0.02 mol/L磷酸二氢钾-冰乙酸(40:55:5);检测波长:210 nm;流速:0.8 ml/min;进样量:20 μl.结果:乙基纤维素水分散体(Surelease(R))比丙烯酸树脂水分散体(Eudragit(R) NE30D)更适合作为盐酸哌甲酯缓释微丸的包衣材料.包衣增重15%, HPMC加入量为6%时包衣微丸在不同释放介质(水、pH 1.2盐酸溶液及pH 4.0、pH 6.5、pH 6.8、pH 7.5磷酸盐缓冲溶液)中均呈现良好的缓释效果.结论:成功地制备了盐酸哌甲酯缓释微丸,其体外释药缓慢、持续、平稳.     

双氯芬酸钾延迟缓释微丸的制备及体外释放

以乙基纤维素水分散体为包衣材料,采用双层包衣法制备双氯芬酸钾延迟缓释微丸,考察释放条件及处方因素对释药行为的影响,并用星点设计效应面法对处方进行优化。结果表明,微丸的体外释药受介质pH的影响较大,受介质黏度影响较小;内外层包衣增重比例和外层包衣中致孔剂用量可影响释药时滞、释药速度以及最终释药量;星点设计效应面法可用于微丸处方的优化。     

高延展性聚合物水分散体的制备和特性研究

目的： 制备新型高延展性聚合物水分散体,用于延展性缓释包衣,并对其理化性质和缓释包衣性能进行研究。方法： 采用乳液聚合法,制备聚合物水分散体;研究其理化性质、成膜能力;考察其衣膜的机械性质和释药行为。结果： 自制聚合物水分散体(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯,1∶2)具有适宜的理化性质、成膜能力和延展性,无需增塑剂和加热老化便能形成高延展性、低黏性的衣膜。制得的阿替洛尔缓释微丸4 h释药50%以上,10 h释药80%以上,释药行为在压片前后无明显变化。结论： 自制高延展性聚合物水分散体适于延展性缓释包衣,可用于制备缓释微丸片。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.