地佐辛用于全麻气管插管诱导的可行性研究

目的:研究地佐辛用于全麻气管插管诱导的可行性,评价其对血流动力学的影响及其麻醉诱导的有效性和安全性.方法:选择ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级行全麻气管插管择期手术的患者90例,随机分为3组,每组30例.Ⅰ组为对照组(芬太尼组):给予静脉注射咪唑安定0.03 mg/kg,芬太尼4 μg/kg,罗库溴胺0.6 mg/kg行气管插管诱导;...     

Clinical experiences with vecuronium in children.

The neuromuscular blocking effects of vecuronium have been investigated clinically in children regarding its efficacy and safety. The drug is given either of the two doses--0.08 mg/kg body weight or 0.1 mg/kg body weight in 40 children as a single intravenous bolus injection for endotracheal intubation. Vecuronium in doses of 0.1 mg/kg body weight provided satisfactory clinical relaxation for ideal intubating conditions in all children in reference to the ease of intubation, intermediate duration of action, spontaneous or easy reversal of the neuromuscular block, cardiovascular stability and absence of serious side-effects. Thus vecuronium may be regarded as a useful muscle relaxant in paediatric anaesthesia.     

芬太尼-卡肌宁-异氟醚静吸麻醉在心内直视手术中的应用

本文介绍了芬太尼—卡肌宁—异氟醚静吸复合麻醉用于心内直视手术的经验,并与芬太尼-本可松—异氟醚麻醉对比观察。芬太尼剂量为20～30μg/kg。卡肌宁0.3mg/kg或本可松0.2mg/kg维持肌松,并间断吸入异氟醚。结果发现气管插管后即刻本可松引起心率和血压增加,而卡肌宁引起血压轻度下降。芬卡组循环平稳,术后呼吸恢复快而满意。结论:芬太尼—卡肌宁—异氟醚静吸复合麻醉是一种较理想的心脏手术麻醉方法     

静脉利多卡因抑制气管插管咳嗽反射的初步观察

本文对静脉利多卡因抑制气管插管咳嗽反射进行了研究,28例体格情况Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,行胸外,整形,脑外手术病人,随机分为二组,每组各14例,均选用氟呱啶(2.5～5mg iv),芬太尼(0.05～0.1mg iv),γ-OH(60mg/kg iv)或安定(0.2～0.4mg/kg iv)行麻醉诱导。A组,在麻醉诱导后,静注利多卡因(2mg/kg),注入后3～5分钟行气管插管。B组,1％地卡因行喉气管喷雾2～3次,1分钟后行气管插管。对插管引起咳嗽分四级进行评价,结果两组比较有非常显著差异(P<0.01)。表明:静注利多卡因能抑制咳嗽反射,是全麻插管较好辅助方法,但注射时宜慢以提防心血管意外和中毒反应。     

不同剂量顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵在神经外科全麻插管反应的观察

目的：观察不同剂量顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵用于神经外科手术全麻诱导后行气管插管时的心血管反应,探讨其最佳的全麻诱导剂量.方法：将60例择期行脑部脑肿瘤手术的患者随机均分为I-III组,15～65岁,质量平均40～80kg,ASAI-III.全麻诱导均采用咪唑安定0.03～0.05mg/kg,芬太尼4μg/kg,顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵剂量分别为0.15mg/kg（S1）,0.20mg/kg（S2）,0.30mg/kg（S3）,丙泊酚1～2mg/kg.并于给药5min后行气管插管,分别记录诱导前2min（T0,基础值）、插管前1min（T1）、插管后1min（T2）,3min（T3）,5min（T4）无创血压收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、MAP、心率（HR）的变化.结果：所有患者均于给药5min后完成气管插管,插管条件达到1级47例（78.3%）,2级13例（21.7%）.S1组患者气管插管后血流动力学较诱导前明显增高,呈一过性; S2组患者气管插管后血流动力学较诱导前轻度增高; S3组患者气管插管后血流动力学较诱导前无明显变化.结论：麻醉诱导时顺苯磺酸阿曲库铵0.3mg/kg能有效减轻气管插管引起的应激反应并能缩短气管插管起效时间,用于颅脑肿瘤手术患者可能有利于减少气管插管引起的心脑血管意外情况的发生.     

罗库溴铵在气管插管及肌松维持中的作用

目的观察静脉注射罗库溴铵时的气管插管条件、维持肌松过程和恢复过程,及其对循环的影响。方法将３２例择期手术病人,随机分为两组：Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组病人分别于静脉注射罗库溴铵后６０和９０秒钟进行气管插管。完成插管后将病人再分为两组（Ⅲ、Ⅳ组）,Ⅲ组间断静脉注射罗库溴铵维持肌松,Ⅳ组连续滴注罗库溴铵维持肌松。结果静脉注射罗库溴铵０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ（２×ＥＤ９５）后６０秒钟和９０秒钟时的气管插管条件均为优良,神经肌肉阻滞程度分别是Ｔ１为（２３±２２）％,Ｔ４／Ｔ１为（２７±２８）％（６０秒钟）和Ｔ１为（６±１０）％,Ｔ４／Ｔ为（１７±１９）％（９０秒钟）,起效时间为２．３分钟。静脉注射罗库溴铵后心率、血压平稳。结论静注罗库溴铵（０．６ｍｇ／ｋｇ）后６０～９０秒钟均可为气管插管提供满意的肌松,术中间断静注或连续滴注均可维持满意的手术肌松,恢复过程无明显差别     

喷他佐辛和芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜手术全麻喉罩诱导的临床效果比较

目的观察和比较喷他佐辛和芬太尼用于妇科腹腔镜手术全麻喉罩通气道诱导的临床效果和安全性。方法选择择期行妇科腹腔镜手术患者80例,ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级,随机分为四组（n=20）：P1组（喷他佐辛组）、P2组、P3组和F组（芬太尼组）,P1组静脉注射喷他佐辛0.3 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,罗库溴胺0.6 mg/kg诱导;P2组喷他佐辛0.4 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,罗库溴胺0.6 mg/kg诱导;P3组喷他佐辛0.5 mg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,罗库溴胺0.6 mg/kg诱导;F组静脉注射芬太尼3μg/kg,丙泊酚2 mg/kg,罗库溴胺0.6 mg/kg诱导,熵指数（反应熵RE）下降至40-60时转入喉罩。观察诱导前、喉罩置入前、喉罩置入即时及置入后1、3、5 min等6个时点的血压和心率的变化。结果①四组患者的一般情况无明显差异（P〉0.05）;②四组患者麻醉诱导后各时点血压、心率较诱导前的基础值均有所降低（P〈0.05）,置入喉罩操作时各指标较插喉罩前增高,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）;P1组在喉罩置入时及置入后1、3 min的MAP和HR明显高于F组（P〈0.05）,P2组和P3组在各时点MAP和HR与F组相比无明显差异（P〉0.05）;与P2组和F组相比,P3组麻醉诱导后、在喉罩置入时及置入后1、3 min的HR有明显下降趋势,但均在正常范围内（P〉0.05）。结论喷他佐辛用于全麻喉罩通气道诱导是可行的,可达到有效的麻醉深度,并维持全麻插喉罩诱导期间血压和心率的稳定剂量为0.4 mg/kg。     

芬太尼或瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于经鼻盲探气管插管的可行性研究

目的探索芬太尼或瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于经鼻盲探气管插管的安全性及有效性。方法ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级拟在全身麻醉气管插管下行择期手术的患者80例,年龄18～64岁,以芬太尼2μg／kg或瑞芬太尼1μg／kg、异丙酚2mg／kg静脉诱导后随机分为4组,每组20例：异丙酚4mg／（kg·h）（P4）组、异丙酚6mg／（kg·h）（P6）组、异丙酚8mg／（kg·h）（P8）组和异丙酚4mg／（kg·h）＋瑞芬太尼5μg／（kg·h）（R）组,微量泵持续静脉注射,行经鼻盲探气管插管。观察各组患者麻醉诱导插管过程中循环、呼吸（MAP、DBP、SBP、HR、ECG、RR和SPO2）改变及盲探气管插管的第1次成功率;记录插管过程中知晓发生率和后鼻孔损伤出血等并发症。结果各组循环稳定,但P8、R组插管时循环变化较小,R组插管时部分患者HR较慢;各组呼吸均有不同程度抑制,但P8、R组最明显,R组呼吸频率明显低于其它3组,吸氧后各组SPO2均能维持正常;P8、R组盲探气管插管的第1次成功率明显高于其它2组。结论芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉较瑞芬太尼复合异丙酚静脉麻醉用于经鼻盲探气管插管更安全、可靠,诱导后异丙酚维持量以8mg／（kg·h）为宜。     

芬太尼复合艾司洛尔或利多卡因对高血压患者气管插管时心血管反应影响的比较

目的比较芬太尼复合艾司洛尔或利多卡因对原发性高血压患者气管插管时心血管反应的影响。方法择期上腹部手术合并原发性高血压患者60例,年龄40-65岁,体重48-78kg,ASAI或Ⅱ级,随机分为3组（n=20）：芬太尼3μg/kg组（Ⅰ组）、芬太尼3μg/kg＋艾司洛尔1mg/kg组（Ⅱ组）和芬太尼3μg/kg＋利多卡因1mg/kg组（Ⅲ组）。3组均静脉注射咪达唑仑0.05mg/kg、丙泊酚1.5mg/kg和罗库溴铵0.8mg/kg麻醉诱导后气管插管,机械通气。分别于麻醉诱导前（T0）、麻醉诱导后1min（T1）、气管插管后即刻（T2）、气管插管后1min（T3）、3min（T4）及10min（T5）记录心率（HR）、收缩压（SP）、舒张压（DP）,并于T0、T1、T3时采集桡动脉血7ml,测定肾上腺素（Ad）和去甲肾上腺素（NA）的浓度。结果与T0比较,Ⅰ组在T2、T3时的HR、SP、DP明显升高（P〈0.05）;而Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组在T2、T3时的HR、SP、DP变化没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）;Ⅱ组与Ⅲ组的HR、SP、DP在T1-T5差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。Ⅰ组T3时血浆Ad和NA的浓度变化没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ组血浆中Ad、NA浓度低于Ⅰ组（P〈0.05）。结论芬太尼3μg/kg复合艾司洛尔1mg/kg或利多卡因1mg/kg均可减轻高血压患者气管插管时的心血管反应。     

不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管插管时心血管反应的预防作用

目的观察不同剂量艾司洛尔对气管插管时心血管反应的预防作用。方法选取北京航天总医院100例择期手术患者随机分成5组,A组（对照组）、B组（艾司洛尔05mg／kg）、C组（艾司洛尔10mg／kg）、D组（艾司洛尔15mg／kg）和E组（艾司洛尔20mg／kg）。插管前30s分别静注生理盐水10ml,艾司洛尔05mg／kg,10mg／kg,15mg／kg,20mg／kg。记录患者给药前、插管时、插管后1、3、5、10min时的收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）、心率（HR）,并计算出相应的脉率收缩压乘积（RPP）。结果A组插管时SBP、DBP、HR、RPP及插管后1rainDBP、HR、RPP显著高于给药前（p〈001）;B组插管时DBP、HR、RPP显著高于给药前（P〈001）,插管时及插管后1minSBP、HR、RPP显著低于A组（p〈0．01）;C、D、E3组插管时SBP、DBP、HR、RPP显著低于A、B两组（p〈005）,插管后1rainSBP,HR,RPP显著低于A组（P〈0.01）;插管后3minC、D两组SBP,D、E两组HR,C、D、E3组RPP显著低于A组（p〈0.05）＋D组插管后3～10minHR、RPP,E组插管时及插管后1～10minHR、RPP显著低于给药前（P〈0.05）,但E组有5例用药后发生心动过缓。结论静脉注射艾司洛尔15mg／kg对气管插管时的心血管反应预防效果较好,插管前后血流动力学稳定且副作用发生少。     

静吸复合全麻时机械通气与自主呼吸对鼓室成形术患者肺功能的影响

目的 探讨临床全麻中机械通气对肺功能的影响及保留自主呼吸的安全性和可行性.方法 拟行单侧鼓窀成形术患者53例.随机分为自主呼吸组(S组,25例)和控制呼吸组(M组,28例).M组行快速诱导气管插管后予以机械通气,参数设定VT8 mI/kg,RR 10～12 bpm,术中间断静脉滴注维库溴胺1～2 mg维持肌肉松弛.S组慢诱导保留自主呼吸气管插管,术中不使用肌肉松弛药,保留自主呼吸.两组患者通过Datex气体监护仪调控术中麻醉气体(笑气复合异氟醚)MAC值1.2～1.3,必要时泵入丙泊酚(1～2)mg/(kg·h),控制BIS值40～60之间.记录两组患者各时间点的脉搏氧饱和度(SpO_2),心率(HR),平均动脉压(MAP),胸腔体液含量(TFC).同时观察记录术中是否有呛咳,体动.两组患者均在气管插管后即时及150 min抽取动脉血行血气分析得到pH值,PaO_2,PaCO_2,记录呼气末二氧化碳分压(PETCO_2)并计算肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P(A-a)DO_2),呼吸指数(RI),生理死腔量与潮气量之比(VD/VT).结果 有10例患者因不同原因退出研究.共43例患者资料进入统计分析(M组n=23;S组n=20).两组之间HR,MAP,TFC,P(A-a)DO_2,RI,VD/VT,TFC的差异无统计学意义,组内不同时间点的P(A-a)DO_2,RI,VD/VT差异也无统计学意义(P>0.05).S组SpO_2、pH值、PaO_2低于M组,PaCO_2,PETCO2高于M组(P<0.05),但均在正常范围或允许范围内.两组患者术中均未发生呛咳,体动.结论 静吸复合全麻时,短时间的机械通气对无心肺功能障碍患者的肺气体交换功能无明显损伤作用;短时间的自主呼吸可提供充分的氧供,不引起危害性的二氧化碳潴留.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the effects of mechanical ventilation on pulmonary function during short duration of general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, and assess the safety of controlled spontaneous respiration during general anesthesia. Methods Fifty-three adult patients (aged 18-55 years, ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅱ) scheduled for elective unilateral tympanoplasty were randomly assigned into mechanical ventilation group (group M, n=28) and spontaneous respiration group (group S, n=25). Anesthesia induction was performed in group M with intravenous propofol (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (3 μg/kg) and vecuronium (0.1 mg/kg), while with propofol (2 mg/kg), fentanyl (3 μg/kg) and sufficient superficial anesthesia on upper airway mucous membrane in group S. After tracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation began with VT 8 ml/kg and RR 10-12 bpm in group M, and spontaneous respiration was maintained in group S. Anesthesia was maintained by 0.7%-0.8% isoflurane and 60%-70% N_2O at the end respiratory concentration to control MAC between 1.2-1.3. During the surgery, BIS values were controlled between 40-60, and propofol was administered when necessary. Vecuronium (1-2 mg) was given intermittently to maintain muscle relaxation and neostigmine (1 mg) with atropine 0.5 mg was administered intravenously before extubation in group M. No relaxant was used in group S. The parameters including heart rate (HR), mean blood pressure (MAP), pulse oxygen saturation (SpO_2), and thoracic fluid content (TFC) were recorded before the induction and at 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min after intubation. Arterial blood was drawn immediately and 150 min after intubation for blood gases analysis and Alveolar-arterial oxygen gradient (P(A-a)DO_2), and the respiratory index (RI) and dead volume/tidal volume (VD/VT) were calculated. The incidences of moving, bucking, swallowing, and status of awareness during surgery procedures were also recorded. Results A total of 43 patients (group M, n=23; group S, n=20) were included in the study with 10 dropouts due to failed attempt to obtain arterial blood samples (8 patients) or severe bucking during intubation (2 patients). No significant differences were found in HR and MAP between the two groups (P>0.05). The pH and SpO_2 [ (97.9± 1.00)% at the lowest] and PaO_2 in group S were significantly lower and the PaCO_2 was higher than those in group M (P<0.05). In group S, the pH values were 7.274±0.025 and 7.331 ±0.039, PaCO_2 values were 60±6 and 53±5 mmHg, and PETCO_2 values were 53±6 and 48 ±7 mmHg, and the PaO_2 values were 143 ±3 7 and165 ±49 mmHg immediately and 150 min after the intubation, respectively. These values were considered safe under the concept of permissive hypercapnia. No significant differences were found in the P(A-a)DO_2, RI, VD/VT and TFC between or within the two groups (P>0.05), nor were moving, bucking, swallowing and awareness recorded during the surgical procedures. Conclusion In essentially normal lungs, short-term mechanical ventilation during general anesthesia with tracheal intubation does not damage the lung functions, and spontaneous respiration can offer sufficient oxygen supply without causing harmful carbon dioxide retention.     

不同剂量米库氯铵用于妇科腹腔镜手术肌松效果的临床观察

目的：观察不同剂量米库氯铵用于妇科腹腔镜手术的肌松效果。方法 ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级妇科腹腔镜手术患者97例,随机双盲分为米库氯铵0.2 mg/kg组（L组）、0.25 mg/kg组（M组）、0.3 mg/kg组（H组）,行诱导插管。监测并记录患者诱导前后不同时点血压（BP）、心率（HR）及T1和4个成串刺激比值（TOFr）,行插管条件评分,记录起效时间、临床作用时间、恢复指数、TOFr=0.8的时间。结果3组插管条件均满意,给药后HR均出现明显升高（P〈0.01）, BP明显降低（P〈0.01）。 L组注药后3 min HR[（76.9±11.1）次/min]低于M 组[（85.6±13.7）次/min]、H组[（83.9±14.5）次/min,P〈0.05],L组起效时间[（3.5±1.0）min]长于M组[（2.9±0.8）min]、H组[（2.5±0.7）min,P〈0.01], L组的气道峰压[（16.7±3.6）cmH2O]高于M组[（14.7±2.5）cmH2O,P〈0.05]。结论0.2 mg/kg米库氯铵可以提供满意插管条件,剂量增加至0.25 mg/kg可以明显缩短起效时间,而3组的临床作用时间和恢复指数相对恒定。     

Comparison between use of neuromuscular blocking agent and placebo with the intubating laryngeal mask airway

INTRODUCTION: The intubating laryngeal mask airway (ILMA) is a specially-designed airway device that can be used for endotracheal intubation without direct laryngoscopy. The advantage of this device is that it allows blind endotracheal intubation with a predictably high success rate. The use of neuromuscular blocking agents in facilitating the use of the ILMA has been investigated in the Western population with a quoted successful intubation rate of 88-96 percent. This randomised, double-blind study aimed to see if the use of neuromuscular blocking agent is necessary for successful intubations. METHODS: A total of 150 patients, rated categories 1 and 2 on the American Society of Anesthesiology Physical Status Classification System, were induced with propofol 2.5 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg. After insertion of the ILMA, the patients received either saline or 0.6 mg/kg of rocuronium. After 90 seconds, tracheal intubation was attempted using the specially-designed silicon endotracheal tube. In addition to the success rate of intubation, the incidence of complications was also recorded. RESULTS: The success rate for tracheal intubation within three attempts was 93.3 percent for the saline group and 92.0 percent for the rocuronium group; this was statistically insignificant. The time to securing the airway was 11.5 seconds for the saline group, compared to 10.0 seconds in the rocuronium group, but this was statistically insignificant. The incidence of coughing during insertion of the endotracheal tube was 42.7 percent in the saline group as compared to 1.3 percent in the rocuronium group (p-value is less than 0.001). 12 percent of the patients in the saline group moved during intubation, while none was reported to move in the rocuronium group (p-value is 0.003). These results compared favourably with rates quoted in studies conducted on Western populations. CONCLUSION: The intubating laryngeal mask airway-assisted intubation yields a high success rate, which was similar between the paralysed and non-paralysed patients, with no statistical significance. However, the non-paralysed patients were prone to coughing and movements during intubation, requiring supplemental propofol.     

气管插管全麻在剖宫产术中的临床应用

目的观察气管插管全身麻醉用于剖宫产术对母婴安全的可行性。方法对30例择期剖宫产的足月临产妇行全身麻醉。麻醉诱导用丙泊酚1～1.5mg/kg、氯胺酮1mg/kg、阿曲库胺0.3～0.4mg/kg快速诱导插管,胎儿娩出后静脉推注舒芬太尼20μg,静脉泵入丙泊酚5～8mg/(kg.h)维持麻醉。记录诱导前、诱导后、插管后1和5min产妇的血压、心率、血氧饱和度的变化;观察麻醉诱导至胎儿娩出5和10min时新生儿Apgar评分以及活动情况。结果麻醉诱导时收缩压稍有下降,插管后又略有升高,舒张压、心率、血氧饱和度无明显变化。全组胎儿娩出时间均≤10min胎儿娩出后1和5min时新生儿Apgar评分无统计学意义(P>0.05);本组全麻对母婴无明显影响,术中循环稳定,胎儿娩出无明显呼吸抑制。结论气管插管全麻对剖宫产术母婴是安全的。     

舒芬太尼与芬太尼在神经外科手术麻醉中的应用比较

目的:比较舒芬太尼和芬太尼用于神经外科手术麻醉时的血流动力学变化.方法:选择56例神经外科肿瘤手术病人,随机分舒芬太尼组(S组,n=28)和芬太尼组(F组,n=28).麻醉诱导采用丙泊2.0 mg/kg,琥珀胆碱1.5 mg/kg,S组用舒芬太尼0.4μg/kg,F组用芬太尼3 μg/kg,气管插管后机械通气,给予维库...     

不同剂量丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼在经鼻纤维支气管镜插管中的应用

目的观察经鼻纤支镜气管插管患者不同剂量丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼的麻醉效果,探讨经鼻纤支镜气管插管术中丙泊酚麻醉的适宜剂量。方法将60例择期需经鼻纤支镜气管插管全麻下行口腔颌面外科手术的病人随机分为三组（n=20）,按丙泊酚静脉输注速率,分别为4 mg/（kg.h）组（P1组）、6 mg/（kg.h）组（P2组）和8 mg/（kg.h）组（P3组）。三组均先给静脉注射瑞芬太尼1μg/kg（给药时间不低于60 s）,然后按6μg/（kg.h）静脉泵注瑞芬太尼。静脉注射丙泊酚2 mg/kg后分别以4、6、8 mg/（kg.h）静脉输注丙泊酚。丙泊酚静脉输注5 min后经鼻纤支镜气管插管。记录三组病人麻醉诱导时SBP、DBP、MAP、HR最低值及气管插管时最高值、气管插管所用时间;观察三组病人麻醉诱导过程中呼吸暂停的发生情况及气管插管时患者的不良反应;计算气管插管一次性成功率。结果 P1、P2组一次性经鼻纤支镜气管插管成功率低,气管插管完成时间长;而P3组麻醉较深,血流动力学平稳,插管条件好,气管插管一次性成功率高,虽然患者呼吸暂停时间较长,但通过有效辅助通气均可缓解,对患者生命安全无威胁。结论在经鼻纤支镜气管插管术中以8 mg/（kg.h）静脉输注丙泊酚复合瑞芬太尼麻醉比较适宜。     

EFFECTS OF ALFENTANIL AND ESMOLOL ON HEMODYNAMIC AND CATECHOLMINE RESPONSE TO TRACHEAL INTUBATION

Objective.To compare the effects of alfentanil and esmolol on hemodynamic and catecholamine response to tracheal intubation.Methods.hiry-five adult patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups,Grup A(control group),Group B(esmolol group)and Group C(alfentanil group).The patients received either 2 mg/kg esmolol(inGroup B)or 30 μg/kg alfentanil(in GroupC)before intubation.Tracheal intubation was performed with 4 mg/kg thiopental and 0.1 mg/kg vecuronium and 3% isoflurane.Systolic blood pressure(SBP),diastolic blood pressure(BP),mean blood pressure(MBP),heart rate(HR),norepinephrine(NE),epinephrine(E)and dopamine(DA)were measured before and after intubation.Results.The control group had a baeline SBP of 149±23 mmHg while Groups B,C had a baseline SBP of 148±23,and 150±21mmHg,respectively(P＞0.05).Three min after tracheal intubation,the control group SBP increased to 160±30 mmHg and Group B remained at the baseline level,14±5 mmHg,and Group C significantly decreased to 91±22 mmHg(P＜0.01).Two min after intubation HR in Group B increased significantly but 3 min after intubation HR in Groups B and C were significantly lower than that of contrl group(P＜0.05).NE in Groups A and B increased significantly to 5.75±3.51 and 6.75±3.30 nmol/L 3 min after intubation(P＜0.01).In Group C,3 min after intubation NE was not significantly differnt from the basline but E decreased significantly(P＜0.01).Conclusion.2 ?g/kg esmolol can moerate the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation to a certain extent and 30μg/kg alfentanil can completely attenuate the hemodynamic and catecholamine responses.     

艾司洛尔或复合芬太尼对气管插管时循环反应的影响

目的:比较艾司洛尔(esmolol,ESM)和(或)芬太尼对气管插管时循环反应的影响。方法:102例择期手术患者随机分成3组,每组各34例,A组为ESM组,B组为ESM+芬太尼组,C组为芬太尼组。插管前A、B组给予ESM 2 mg/kg,B、C组给予芬太尼2μg/kg。静脉注射咪哒唑仑0.1 mg/kg,依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg和维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg诱导插管。记录插管前后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)及心率(HR),并计算HR和SBP乘积(RPP)值。结果:插管后1、3、5 min,B组SBP、DBP及RPP降低(P<0.05~P<0.01),A、B两组心率均低于C组(P<0.01)。结论:ESM 2 mg/kg可在一定程度下缓解暂时的循环反应,而合用芬太尼2μg/kg能有效抑制插管时的循环反应。     

Initial clinical experience with fazadinium bromide during anaesthesia in Nigerians

Fazadinium Bromide (Fazadon, AH 8165), a non depolarising muscle relaxant, was injected into one hundred unpre-medicated Nigerian patients requiring endotracheal intubation and prolonged skeletal muscle relaxation. The dose of Fazadon used was 1.5 mg per kg. body weight. Endotracheal intubation was possible in all the patients within thirty seconds of the intravenous injection of Fazadon. The initial single dose of the drug provided muscle relaxation for an average of forty minutes without the addition of any volatile anaesthetic agent. Arterial blood pressure was well maintained, but there was a mean increase in pulse rate of 20 beats per minute. Return of skeletal muscle activity was observed within on minute of the injection of neostigmine, in all but one patient. Fazadinium bromide is recommended as the relaxant of choice, whenever it is desirable to rapidly secure a clear air way by endotracheal intubation, and also to provide prolonged skeletal muscle relaxation, without altering intra-abdominal, intraocular, intra-cranial and intra-vascular pressures.     

维库溴胺与琥珀胆碱用于快诱导插管的比较

比较维库溴胺与琥珀胆碱用于静脉快诱导气管内插管时的插管条件。 15 0例病人随机分为维库溴胺 0 0 8mg·kg-1、0 10mg·kg-1和琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1组 ,均采用静脉快诱导完成气管内插管 ;插管条件按Viby -Morgensen等标准分为优、良、差 ,优良者视为临床可行插管条件。①维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1组显著优于 0 0 8mg·kg-1组 (P <0 0 1) ;②维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1组与琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1组插管条件优良率无显著差异 (96 %vs 97% ) ,但优异率显著低于琥珀胆碱组 (6 2 %vs 80 % )。维库溴胺 0 10mg·kg-1可替代琥珀胆碱 1 0mg·kg-1用于静脉快诱导气管内插管。