高岭土颗粒在聚丙烯酰胺作用下的动态絮凝过程

在不同絮凝剂质量浓度和絮凝环境温度条件下,运用马尔文激光粒度仪和聚集光束反射测量仪研究有机高分子絮凝剂聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）对高岭土悬浮液颗粒的动态絮凝过程。结合显微摄像仪和浊度仪,同时运用图像处理技术并基于分形理论考察了絮凝过程中絮体分形维数随外部条件改变所发生的变化。实验结果表明：随着絮凝剂质量浓度的增加和环境温度的升高,絮凝体系中的絮体平均弦长和平均粒径都逐渐增加;当平均粒径达到极大值后,继续增加絮凝剂质量浓度或升高环境温度,体系浊度降低,絮体分形维数增大,在絮凝剂质量浓度为6 mg/L和环境温度为60℃时絮凝效果较好;而后随着絮凝剂质量浓度的增加和环境温度的上升,体系浊度略微升高,絮体分形维数略微减小。体系浊度和絮体分形维数呈现出良好的相关性。     

纳米SiO2粒子特性及其在无细胞体系中氧化能力的检测及意义

目的：检测纳米SiO₂粒子的特性及其在无细胞体系中的氧化能力,为医用纳米SiO₂粒子体内外毒性的预测提供依据。方法：用透射电镜观测2种纳米SiO₂粒子粒径、分散性、形状;用Zeta电位粒度分析仪检测纳米粒子在不同介质（纯水、生理盐水、10% Tween 80溶液、RPMI 1640培养液、含1%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640细胞培养液,超声30 s）溶液及不同时间（0、24、48和72 h）的粒径分布及团聚状态;用ＤDCFH-DA法Ｆ检测粒子在无细胞体系中自发产生自由基的能力。结果：电镜结果显示,2种纳米SiO₂粒子均呈球形,大小一致,分布均匀、分散性好,粒子平均粒径分别为（43.0±4.2）和（68.0±5.7）nm;在纯水、生理盐水、10% Tween 80溶液、RPMI 1640培养液及含1%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640细胞培养液中,Si-43 nm及Si-68 nm 粒子粒径变化很大,其中在生理盐水中的粒径最接近电镜结果,为74.0和96.7 nm。超声30 s后0、24、48和72 h时,Si-43 nm及Si-68 nm粒子粒径在生理盐水中不发生团聚;在含1%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640细胞培养液中发生团聚,形成相似大小的团聚体;在30~100 μg的质量范围内,2种粒子自发产生自由基的能力相似但很弱,相当于2.5 μmol•L^-1左右H₂O₂当量。结论：一定粒径的纳米SiO₂在细胞培养液中形成大粒径团聚体,粒子自身只有较弱的自发产生自由基的能力。     

多嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子杂化多级结构的光学性能

结合耗散粒子动力学模拟和时域有限差分方法,研究了A（BC）_n多嵌段共聚物和纳米粒子共混体系的自组装行为及其光学性能,分析了纳米粒子体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度对自组装形貌及其光学性能的影响。结果表明,A（BC）_n多嵌段共聚物/纳米粒子共混体系可形成有机/无机杂化的多级结构,改变纳米粒子的体积分数和嵌段间相互作用强度可以调控纳米粒子的分布及其相应的多级结构。不同尺度的结构对不同频率光的反射作用有明显区别,而纳米粒子的加入显著增大了反射峰的强度和宽度。改变纳米粒子的分布可调控反射峰的强度和宽度。     

氢氧焰燃烧制备纳米二氧化硅的团聚现象及流化特性

利用氢氧焰燃烧合成的纳米二氧化硅颗粒，研究了其自发团聚现象及流化过程中的二次团聚行为，考察了流化床床层压降随操作气速和温度的变化，以及颗粒表面能及热处理温度对起始流化速度的影响。结果表明：在范德华力等粘性力作用下，纳米二氧化硅颗粒形成团聚体，团聚体粒度随二氧化硅颗粒表面吸附水分的增多而增大；纳米二氧化硅颗粒在流化过程中，一次团聚体在流体力作用下进一步团聚形成二次团聚体；流化停止后二次团聚体解体，此时纳米二氧化硅的团聚行为与流化前无明显差异；热处理温度对纳米二氧化硅颗粒起始流化速度影响不大，但纳米二氧化硅颗粒的起始流化速度随颗粒表面能的减小而显著降低，而且颗粒的表面处理对床层塌落与膨胀行为具有重要影响。     

寡糖分子结构及其分形

目的:提出一种计算寡糖分子结构分形维数的有效方法,为寡糖药物的分子设计及活性研究提供新的思路.方法:利用能量优化原理和计算机模拟技术,找到寡糖分子的稳态位型,进一步应用分形理论的盒维数原理,建立一种计算寡糖分形维数的有效方法.结果:应用所提出的方法,计算得到22种寡糖的分形维数,其均值m=1.518 8 ±0.107 2.此外,经实验证实有活性的多价寡糖An-2和Gu-4分形维数分别为1.478 1和1.516 0,而C型凝集素样受体Dectin-1的受体结合域2CL8的分形维数为1.541 2.实验和计算结果有助于发现一类以Dectin-1为受体的糖苷类药物.结论:分形维数是能够区别于其他已知宏观参量而表征化合物分子微观结构和功能的参量,在寡糖药物的分子设计及活性研究中可能发挥重要作用.做寡糖药物筛选时,可先分别计算受体及所设计寡糖或糖簇分子的分形维数,而后选择分形维数相接近的进行合成,以期得到具有潜在活性的药物分子.     

大分子和纳米颗粒的跨膜吸收及细胞内转运

大分子及纳米粒子与细胞的相互作用包括它们在细胞膜上的黏附、跨膜吸收、在细胞器中的分布以及胞吐等。充分了解大分子以及纳米粒子与细胞的相互作用对于在细胞层次上理解生命体的生理过程、药物的作用靶点及机制、基因治疗的机制等十分重要。在本文中作者首先对胞吞机制即网格蛋白及小窝蛋白介导的胞饮作用、大胞饮作用、吞噬作用进行了简要阐述,其次介绍了细胞穿膜肽的的跨膜吸收机制及其应用,然后论述了纳米粒子的细胞转运机制以及纳米粒子的表面性质对跨膜吸收的影响,最后简要介绍了物质从内涵体中逃逸的策略。     

分形金相的初步探讨：关于晶粒度的分形特征

对金相的分形特征进行了探讨分析。实验验证闰具有分形特征，并测量了标准图谱中铁素体晶粒度图形的分形维数。考察了晶粒度与分形维数之间的关系。结果表明，金属晶粒可用分形维数定量描述。在１～８级晶粒度范围内，随着晶粒度级别的提高，分形维数数值逐渐增大，其中以１～５级内增大得最为显著。     

口腔义齿聚合物纳米复合材料分散研究进展

随着纳米技术的发展，对纳米颗粒在各类基体中的分散应用已经越来越广泛，但由于纳米颗粒比表面积大，比表面能高，属于热力学不稳定体系，在制备过程中或后处理过程中极易发生粒子团聚现象，导致应用时失去颗粒应有的物性和功能。为了解决这些方面的技术问题，需要对纳米颗粒的分散     

液化气扩散火焰的分形结构特征

基于图像处理方法和分型理论研究了液化气扩散火焰边缘分形结构特征。沿火焰轴向将火焰均分为5个区域,研究火焰边缘分形维数沿火焰轴向的变化,通过改变中心通道氧气速度,研究火焰长度、分形维数与过氧系数的关系。研究结果表明：随着过氧系数的增大,火焰长度逐渐缩短;火焰波动范围也减小,从喷嘴到火焰末端分形维数先减小后增大,并且变化范围不大。     

乳腺肿瘤细胞核形态的分形分析

目的 :探索形态定量在肿瘤病理学诊断中的有效指标参数。方法 :将分形分析理论引入乳腺肿瘤的研究中 ,应用自行研制的“分形分析系统” ,选取乳腺癌 6 9例 ,乳腺纤维腺瘤 38例 ,分别观察其细胞核分形维数的变化。结果 :乳腺纤维腺瘤细胞分维值为 (1.0 6 73± 0 .0 5 6 2 ) ,乳腺癌细胞核分维值 (1.1831± 0 .0 2 47) ,均大于其拓扑维数 ,即它们都具有分形特征 ,相互间分维值的差异也具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :分形维数可以定量地描述细胞核形态的不规则程度 ,分形维数为乳腺肿瘤的鉴别诊断提供了一种定量参考指标。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.