膜法分级纯化姬松茸子实体多糖的研究

目的通过微滤和超滤对姬松茸子实体粗多糖分级纯化,获得最佳试验操作条件,考察各级相对分子质量范围内的多糖分布情况及所得制品的纯度。方法使用微滤和不同截留相对分子质量的超滤串联工艺。结果试验按相对分子质量将其分成>3×105、3×105~8×104,8×104~1×104以及<1×1044个级别,所得多糖质量分布比例约为5∶1∶3∶1。试验确定操作条件为室温,操作压力0.08~0.1MPa,微滤和各级超滤分别将各级多糖最高浓缩至45、35和25g/L。在低温下干燥制备的姬松茸多糖制品,质量分数高于70%,多糖总回收率高达83.7%。结论该工艺简单可行,姬松茸子实体多糖相对分子质量主要分布于>3×105和8×104~1×105。     

涂碳聚氯乙烯膜乌头硷选择性电极的研究

作者以乌头碱-四苯硼酸离子缔合物为电活性物制成了涂碳聚氯乙烯膜电极。该电极线性范围为1.0×10~(-2)～5.0×10~(-5)mol/L,检测下限为6.3×10~(-6)mol/L,斜率为57.6mV。作者提出了用此电极控制参附注射液中乌头碱限量的根据和方法。     

用EXCEL考察不同厂家盐酸小檗碱片的溶出度

目的:考察不同厂家的盐酸小檗碱片的溶出度,为控制药品质量提供依据。方法:以水为溶出介质,按转篮法操作,用UV法检测,计算盐酸小檗碱片的相对累积溶出度,提取参数(T50,Td,m),并对参数进行相关性检验。结果:不同厂家、不同批号、不同包衣工艺的盐酸小檗碱片的溶出参数有极显著差异(P<0.01)。结论:生产厂家有必要优化制备工艺,来更好地控制药品质量。     

夏天无总碱对钙拮抗作用的研究

实验证实夏天无总碱（COAMTA）能舒张已为去甲肾上腺素（NE）、高K^ 和CaCl2引起收缩的兔胸主动脉条，使NE，KCl,CaCl2的累积量-效曲线右移，最大效应降低，PD′2分别为4.78、4.61和4.45。5×10^-5gCOAMTA在离体心脏实验中可减弱心肌收缩力，但不影响心率和冠脉流量；还可明显拮抗由2×10^-6gCaCl2所引起的心肌收缩力增强的效应；此外可显延长血浆复钙时间，实验提示，COAMTA松弛血管平滑肌的作用是通过抗Ca^ 实现的。     

注射用夏天无总碱对沙鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响

目的 观察注射用夏天无总碱对沙鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法 建立沙鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤模型，观察注射用夏天无总碱对沙鼠脑卒中指数、脑指数、脑组织含水量及脑组织病理变化的影响。结果 注射用夏天无总碱高、中剂量均能显著降低沙鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤脑卒中指数、脑组织含水量，减轻脑组织病变程度，但对脑指数无明显影响。结论 注射用夏天无总碱对沙鼠全脑缺血再灌注损伤具有治疗作用。     

膜分离法和醇沉法对养血当归糖浆的纯化效果比较

[目的]考察膜分离法、醇沉法两种不同的纯化方法对养血当归糖浆稳定性的影响。[方法]采用膜分离法（膜截留分子量分别为100KDa和30KDa，以下简称100KDa膜和30KDa膜）和醇沉法纯化养血当归糖浆，以白芍中芍药苷的保留率、药液中杂质成分（多糖、鞣质等）的清除率为考察指标，并结合初步稳定性试验，比较膜分离法与醇沉淀法的纯化效果。[结果]100KDa膜和30KDa膜对芍药苷保留率相差不大，但均高于醇沉法；膜分离法对多糖的清除率明显高于醇沉法，30KDa膜比100KDa膜效果更好，但对鞣质的清除率两种方法无显著性差异；膜分离法较醇沉法更能提高产品的稳定性。[结论]膜分离的纯化方法能提高养血当归糖浆的稳定性，可作为其纯化工艺之一。     

膜分离与树脂联用制备黄连解毒汤中药固体制剂的研究

目的考察膜与大孔吸附树脂联用技术精制黄连解毒汤的可行性。方法根据目标成分小檗碱、黄芩苷及栀子苷的不同性状特点,采用膜分离、大孔吸附树脂对黄连解毒汤进行精制。结果3批样品干浸膏得率及其小檗碱、黄芩苷、栀子苷含量的平均值为5.81%、11.79%、15.61%、13.05%。结论膜分离和大孔吸附树脂技术是中药复方的有效精制技术,可用于黄连解毒汤的精制。      

无机陶瓷膜精制清络通痹颗粒的过程优化研究

目的 考察无机陶瓷膜在清络通痹水提液精制过程中，不同孔径的膜对该体系的适用性，药液温度、流速及操作压力等工艺参数对膜过程的影响及膜分离操作终点判定，进行膜过程优化设计。方法 以清络通痹水提液为研究对象，测定了3种不同孔径膜及不同操作参数下膜通量的变化、有效成分含量及固形物含量等。结果 对于本体系，孔径为0．2μm的氧化铝膜渗透通量最大，固形物去除率高；合适的操作压差为0．15-0．20MPa，操作温度60℃左右，膜面流速3m/s；微滤过程中，分次加入适量水洗，当微滤液收率达到原药液的100％以上时，有效成分转移率达80％，即可结束微滤。结论 采用0.2μm的氧化铝膜对清络通痹水提液进行微滤，在适当操作条件下可取得较好精制效果．为陶瓷膜分离用于中药精制领域的共性问题提供了依据。     

荧光猝灭法研究马钱子碱、士的宁与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

目的 研究马钱子碱、士的宁与人血清白蛋白(HSA)间非共价结合特性。方法 采用荧光猝灭法计算药物与蛋白间的结合常数与结合位点数；根据不同作用温度时药物-蛋白非共价结合复合物的热力学参数变化，分析药物与蛋白间的主要作用力类型。结果 当作用温度分别为25 ℃和35 ℃时，马钱子碱与HSA的结合常数(K)分别为2.12×10⁴ L/mol和1.97×10⁴ L/mol，结合位点数(n)分别为1.07和1.07；士的宁与HSA的K分别为6.34×10.3 L/mol和3.05×10³ L/mol，n分别为1.01、0.97。马钱子碱、士的宁与HSA间的作用力主要为氢键和范德华力。结论 马钱子碱、士的宁与HSA能自发形成不发荧光的复合物，这种药物蛋白结合可能对马钱子碱、士的宁的药动学过程产生一定影响。     

苦参总生物碱及其单体在Caco-2细胞模型的吸收特征研究

目的 建立同时测定Caco-2细胞模型中苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的HPLC方法,探讨苦参总生物碱在Caco-2细胞模型的吸收机制。方法 利用人源结肠腺癌细胞系Caco-2细胞单层模型,研究苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱由细胞绒毛膜面供给侧（AP）→基底外侧（BL）和BL→AP侧两个方向的转运过程;HPLC-UV法测定上述3个生物碱的量;计算转运参数和表观渗透系数（P_app）。结果 苦参总碱给药后,苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱由AP→BL侧的P_app分别为（1.098±0.092）×10^?5、（1.434±0.098）×10^?5、（3.87±0.64）×10^?6cm/s,由BL→AP侧的P_app分别为（1.104±0.098）×10^?5、（1.034±0.079）×10^?5、（2.75±0.33）×10^?6 cm/s,与文献报道的单体化合物给药相比,氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱双向转运的P_app明显增大。苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱的表观渗透率值分别为1.01、0.72、0.71。结论 苦参总生物碱中苦参碱、氧化槐果碱和氧化苦参碱仍主要以被动吸收方式进入体内,但比各单体给药吸收更好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.