miR-100过表达通过增强AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K信号通路介导的自噬发挥抗脓毒症作用的研究

目的 探讨miR-100过表达通过增强AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K信号通路介导的自噬,进而发挥抗脓毒症的作用机制研究.方法 利用脂多糖(LPS)刺激大鼠心肌细胞H9C2构建脓毒症体外细胞模型.将大鼠心肌细胞H9C2分为对照组、LPS组、LPS+miR-100激动剂组和LPS+miR-100拮抗剂组.细胞通过转染mi...     

同型半胱氨酸对乳鼠心肌细胞自噬水平及mTOR信号通路的影响

高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)是心血管疾病的一个独立的危险因素,但其对心肌的损伤机制尚不清楚。细胞自噬是近几年研究比较热门的细胞自身保护机制,有研究发现同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)可抑制神经细胞的自噬水平,但其对心肌细胞自噬水平的作用尚不清楚。本研究利用体外细胞实验初步探讨Hcy对心肌细胞自噬水平及自噬调节信号通路mTOR通路的影响。通过原代乳鼠心肌细胞体外培养,给予Hcy共孵育刺激,利用western blot检测心肌细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3表达水平的改变以及mTOR信号通路蛋白磷酸化水平的改变;给予LC3双标签腺病毒Ad-GFP-RFP-LC3感染细胞24 h后,进行Hcy刺激,利用激光共聚焦显微镜观察自噬流的改变;对心肌细胞进行AnnexinV/PI双标记染色,利用流式细胞仪计数检测细胞凋亡情况。结果发现,给予Hcy刺激后,乳鼠心肌细胞凋亡率升高,自噬水平降低,自噬调节信号通路mTOR及其下游p70 S6K磷酸化水平升高。 这些结果提示Hcy可降低心肌细胞自噬水平,mTOR信号通路可能参与其中。     

miR-30a对脂多糖诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞自噬的影响

目的探究miR-30a对脂多糖（LPS）诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVEC）自噬的影响及其可能机制。方法以HUVEC为研究对象,分为空白对照组（Control组）、模型组（LPS组）、阴性对照组（转染miR-30a-NC,NC组）和过表达组（转染miR-30a-mimics,mimics组）,采用LPS诱导HUVEC建立炎症模型;采用CCK-8法检测细胞存活率;qRT-PCR法检测miR-30a相对表达量;Westernblot法检测自噬相关蛋白自噬相关基因（Atg3）、p62、自噬蛋白微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）-II和LC3-I表达水平;激光共聚焦显微镜法观察自噬小体形成变化。结果LPS组细胞存活率明显低于Control组,miR-30a相对表达量明显低于Control组,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与Control组比较,LPS组细胞p62蛋白表达水平降低,Atg3蛋白表达水平升高,LC3-II/LC3-I比值升高,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。转染miR-30a后,与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞存活率明显升高,miR-30a相对表达量明显上升,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞p62表达水平升高,LC3-II/LC3-I比值和Atg3表达水平降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。与LPS组比较,mimics组细胞胞质内自噬小体显著减少。结论miR-30a能通过抑制自噬减轻LPS诱导HUVEC损伤。     

丹参多糖促进自噬抑制脂多糖诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的实验研究

目的 探究丹参多糖(SMP)调控脂多糖(LPS)诱导的心肌细胞凋亡的机制。方法 不同浓度(0.0.5、1、2mg/mL)SMP预处理乳鼠心肌细胞12h后,1μg/mL LPS刺激乳鼠心肌细胞24h,以LPS单独处理构建心肌细胞损伤模型,对照组加入等量生理盐水,四唑盐比色法(MTT)观察细胞存活率改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡比率改变,免疫印迹(Western blot)检测各组细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1及凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Caspase3变化;SMP联合自噬抑制剂氯喹(CQ)或自噬激活剂雷帕霉素靶蛋白抑制剂(Torin1)处理LPS处理的心肌细胞,MTT观察细胞存活率改变,流式细胞仪(FACS)检测细胞凋亡比率改变,Western blot检测各组细胞自噬相关蛋白LC3、Beclin1及凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Caspase3变化。结果 相比于对照组,LPS 处理乳鼠心肌细胞24h,细胞活力显著下降,凋亡细胞比例升高,凋亡相关蛋白Bax、cleaved-Caspase3表达增多,自噬相关蛋白Beclin1和LC3II表达增多。相比于LPS组,丹参多糖处理组细胞活力升高,凋亡细胞比例下降,Bax、cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达减少, LC3-II 、Beclin1蛋白表达增多;相比于丹参多糖处理组,CQ抑制细胞活力,增加细胞凋亡数,促进Bax、cleaved-Caspase3和LC3II蛋白表达,抑制Beclin1蛋白表达,Torin1上调细胞活力,减少细胞凋亡数,促进LC3-II 、Beclin1蛋白表达,抑制Bax、cleaved-Caspase3蛋白表达。结论 SMP促进自噬抑制LPS诱导的心肌细胞自噬凋亡。     

苦参碱诱导人乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞发生自噬与mTOR相关性研究

目的：明确苦参碱是否可通过抑制mTOR活性阻断PI3K/Akt信号通路,从而诱导人乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞自噬发生。 方法：苦参碱(终浓度为0、1、2mg/ml)±氯喹(Chloroquine)(自噬抑制剂)处理乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞24小时,运用免疫印迹(Western-blot)法检测PI3K/Akt信号通路上的自噬相关蛋白mTOR、p-mTOR、p70S6K、p-p70S6、eIF4E的表达。苦参碱(终浓度为0、1、2mg/ml)±BafilomycinA1(自噬抑制剂)/ Rapamcin(自噬诱导剂)处理乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞24小时,Western-blot法检测eIF4E蛋白的表达。 结果：苦参碱剂量依赖性抑制mTOR、p70S6k的磷酸化,同时降低eIF4E蛋白的表达;当苦参碱联合氯喹(CQ)作用于乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞时,则对上述蛋白表达均无明显抑制作用。苦参碱联合BafilomycinA1作用于Bcap-37细胞时,eIF4E蛋白表达同样无明显改变;苦参碱联合Rapamcin时,eIF4E蛋白表达则呈剂量依赖性降低。 结论：苦参碱可通过抑制mTOR活性阻断PI3K/Akt信号通路,从而诱导人乳腺癌Bcap-37细胞自噬发生。     

FAM134B介导的内质网自噬对脓毒症的影响

目的 初步探讨FAM134B介导的内质网自噬在脓毒症中作用。方法 采用盲肠结扎穿孔术（CLP）复制脓毒症大鼠模型,取脑组织后,qRT-PCR检测mRNA水平、Western blotting检测FAM134B蛋白表达量;在脂多糖（LPS）诱导的N2a脓毒症细胞模型中,免疫荧光检测FAM134B在细胞中的分布,Western blotting检测自噬相关蛋白LC3,Beclin1及凋亡相关蛋白活化Caspase-3的表达;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞仪分析检测细胞在不同处理后凋亡率;过表达FAM134B细胞中,LPS处理后分别检测自噬及凋亡相关蛋白的表达及细胞凋亡情况。结果 与正常对照组比较,脓毒症大鼠脑组织中内质网蛋白FAM134B表达下降（P?<0.05）;LPS诱导脓毒症细胞模型中内质网自噬及细胞凋亡,且过表达FAM134B能减少LPS对细胞的损害（P?<0.05）。结论 FAM134B介导的内质网自噬影响脓毒症的发生。     

Apelin-13对葡萄糖剥夺乳鼠心肌细胞自噬的影响及机制

目的观察血管紧张素1型受体相关蛋白配体（apelin-13）对损伤心肌细胞自噬的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制。方法体外培养3 d龄内的SD乳鼠心肌细胞,通过葡萄糖剥夺（glucose deprivation,GD）方法建立心肌细胞损伤模型,将细胞随机分为5组：正常对照组（Control组）、葡萄糖剥夺组（GD组）、Apelin-13预处理组（GD＋Apelin-13组）、Tricribine＋Apelin-13预处理组（GD＋Apelin-13＋Tricribine组）和阻断剂组（Tricribine组）。采用透射电镜观察细胞内自噬体的变化,免疫沉淀脂质激酶分析法检测磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）的活性,Western-blotting法检测细胞内自噬相关蛋白-微管相关蛋白1轻链3（LC3）的表达,以及信号通路相关蛋白Akt、p-Akt、mTOR、p-mTOR的表达。结果葡萄糖剥夺可诱导乳鼠心肌细胞自噬体数量、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值增加（P〈0.01）;Apelin-13预处理能减轻葡萄糖剥夺引起的心肌细胞损伤,使自噬体数量、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值下降,提高PI3K的活性,上调Akt、mTOR蛋白的磷酸化水平（P〈0.01）;Akt特异性阻断剂Tricribine可以使Apelin-13的上述保护作用减弱（P〈0.01）。结论 Apelin-13在一定程度上可以抑制GD诱导的心肌细胞自噬,机制可能与激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。     

姜黄素诱导人髓母细胞瘤Daoy细胞自噬的实验研究

目的：观察姜黄素（Curcumin）诱导人髓母细胞瘤Daoy细胞自噬的作用,并探讨其可能的作用机制。方法：体外培养人髓母细胞瘤Daoy细胞,不同浓度姜黄素作用24、48、72 h,MTT 法检测细胞增殖;荧光染色、RT-PCR和Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白Beclin1和LC3的表达;RT-PCR和Western blot检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路中PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达。PI3K激动剂insulin处理细胞后,Western blot检测PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路相关蛋白的表达变化。结果：姜黄素明显抑制Daoy细胞的生长,呈时间-剂量依赖性。免疫荧光显示Beclin1和LC3在姜黄素处理组中的表达明显增强。姜黄素作用不同时间,Daoy细胞中Beclin1和LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ的mRNA和蛋白水平均增高（mRNA：F=1 360.962、42.366,P=0.000、0.000;蛋白：F=32.723、11.847,P=0.001、0.008）,而PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR的表达受到明显抑制（F=329.662、80.638、183.536,P=0.000、0.000、0.000）。PI3K激动剂insulin不能有效阻断姜黄素引起的PI3K、p-Akt和p-mTOR的降低。结论：姜黄素诱导自噬抑制髓母细胞瘤Daoy细胞生长,其机制可能与上调自噬相关基因表达,抑制自噬负调控PI3k/Akt/mTOR信号通路有关。     

miR-1通过PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路对高糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞自噬的影响

目的 探讨miR-1对高糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞自噬及磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路的影响。方法H9c2细胞随机分为4组。正常组使用普通培养基培养,未转染;诱导组使用含33 mmol/L葡萄糖的培养基诱导,未转染;miR-1 NC组使用含33 mmol/L葡萄糖的培养基诱导,转染miR-1 NC;miR-1 inhibitor组使用含33 mmol/L葡萄糖的培养基诱导,转染miR-1 inhibitor。在加入葡萄糖诱导前48 h,使用Lipofectamine 3000转染试剂盒进行转染。实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）检测H9c2细胞和高糖诱导的H9c2细胞中miR-1表达水平;CCK-8法检测各组H9c2细胞增殖活性;蛋白免疫印记法（Western blot）检测各组H9c2细胞中Beclin1、p65、PI3K蛋白表达水平、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值以及AKT、mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平;生物信息学预测和双萤光素酶验证miR-1和PI3K的靶向关系。结果与正常组相比,诱导组的H9c2细胞中,miR-1表达水平显著升高（P<0.05）,PI3K蛋白表达水平显著降低（P<0.05）。与正常组相比,诱导组H9c2细胞Beclin1蛋白表达、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值显著升高,自噬小体增多,细胞增殖率、p62蛋白表达以及PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平显著降低（P<0.05）;与诱导组和miR-1 NC组相比,miR-1 inhibitor组H9c2细胞miR-1水平、Beclin1蛋白表达、LC3-Ⅱ/LC3-Ⅰ比值显著降低,自噬小体减少,细胞增殖率、p62蛋白表达以及PI3K、Akt、mTOR蛋白磷酸化水平显著升高（P<0.05）;miR-1和PI3K间存在靶向关系。结论在高糖诱导的H9c2细胞中,miR-1表达水平升高,抑制miR-1,可通过靶向激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR信号通路,抑制高糖诱导的H9c2心肌细胞自噬。     

miR-451a对慢性心衰细胞模型心肌细胞H9c2凋亡与自噬的影响

目的探究miR-451a对慢性心衰细胞模型心肌细胞H9c2凋亡与自噬的作用机制。 方法采用1 μmol/L阿霉素(DOX)建立慢性心衰细胞模型。将细胞实验分为Control组(正常心肌细胞H9c2)、DOX组(DOX培养)、DOX+miR-NC组(DOX培养转染对照miR-NC)、DOX+miR-451a组(DOX培养转染miR-451a模拟物miR-451a)、DOX+miR-451a+CCI-779组(DOX和CCI-779培养转染miR-451a)。qRT-PCR检测各组细胞miR-451a相对表达水平；CCK-8和流式细胞术分别检测细胞增殖活性与凋亡；Western blotting检测剪切的Caspase-3(cleaved Caspase-3)、Bcl-2相关X蛋白(Bax)、Beclin-1、微管相关蛋白1轻链3I(LC3I)、LC3II、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)、p70s6k、磷酸化mTOR(p-mTOR)、p-p70s6k蛋白表达。 结果成功建立慢性心衰细胞模型。与Control组比较,DOX组miR-451a相对表达水平、细胞活性、p-mTOR、p-p70s6k蛋白表达降低,而凋亡率、cleaved-Caspase-3、Bax、Beclin-1、LC3II/I蛋白表达升高。与DOX+miR-NC组比较,DOX+miR-451a组miR-451a相对表达水平、细胞活性、p-mTOR、p-p70s6k蛋白表达升高,而凋亡率、cleaved-Caspase-3、Bax、Beclin-1、LC3II/I蛋白表达降低。与DOX+miR-451a组比较,DOX+miR-451a+CCI-779组细胞活性降低,凋亡率、cleaved-Caspase-3、Bax、Beclin-1、LC3II/I蛋白表达升高。 结论miR-451a通过抑制mTOR信号通路促进慢性心衰细胞模型心肌细胞H9c2凋亡和自噬。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.