对艾滋病综合防治绩效多元化评价主体的思考

评价主体直接影响绩效评价的效果。通过对绩效评价的客观性要求、利益相关者理论、评价客体多样化的分析,阐述了艾滋病综合防治绩效多元化评价主体的必然性。并针对性的提出多元化主体参与艾滋病综合防治绩效评价的建议,为保证艾滋病综合防治绩效评价效果、促进和提高艾滋病综合防治绩效提供参考和借鉴。     

我国艾滋病防治绩效第三方评价探讨

绩效评价模式直接影响绩效评价的效果。目前我国实施的艾滋病防治绩效评价存在评价主体单一、评价方法不专业、评价程序不规范等问题,很难保证评价结果的质量。积极开展艾滋病防治绩效第三方评价是艾滋病防治绩效评价确立正确价值取向,提高评价客观性与准确性,提升评价质量和水平的迫切需要。本文对有效开展艾滋病防治绩效第三方评价提出了有针对性的建议与意见,为保证绩效评价效果,促进艾滋病防治工作可持续发展提供借鉴。     

南宁市江南片区卫九项目实施效果分析

目的通过实施项目,建立项目地区艾滋病／性病预防与控制的可持续发展模式,向非项目地区提供可借鉴经验,提高艾滋病／性病综合防治水平。方法利用项目资源,开展一系列项目目标领域的相关活动,包括机构建设、疫情监测、重点人群行为干预、防治队伍的培训和广泛的社会宣传等。结果项目活动促使了艾滋病防治相关政策的贯彻落实,项目地区建立了较为完善的艾滋病疫情监测网络,全面掌握了艾滋病疫情的动态,构建了本地区艾滋病控制的工作平台,培养了一支高水平的防治队伍,提高了综合防治水平。结论卫九项目的实施,开启了项目地区在艾滋病防治领域的新模式,对今后史滋病防治工作的可持续发展有促进作用。     

性艾防治协会十年功勋卓著

近日,中国性病艾滋病防治协会迎来了十岁生日。作为我国非政府组织抗击艾滋病的“领头羊”,该协会发动社会力量参与艾滋病防治,近年来,通过30多个国家艾滋病防治社会动员项目实施,拉起了20多个省份数十个非政府组织     

攀枝花市仁和区2007年中英艾滋病防治项目工作报告

仁和区中英艾滋病防治项目工作在区委、区政府和区卫生局的领导下,在省、市项目办的指导下,坚持"政府领导、多部门配合、群众参与、科学防治"的艾滋病防治工作方针,加强领导、精心组织、狠抓落实,严格按照<艾滋病防治条例>、<第四轮中国艾滋病全球基金/中英项目运行效果评估框架>、<攀枝花市仁和区防治艾滋病规划(2004-2010)>、<攀枝花市仁和区2007年艾滋病防治工作计划>的要求开展了各项工作.     

云南启动新一轮艾滋病防治项目

云南省第四轮全球基金艾滋病项目(二期)暨中英艾滋病项目在昆明启动。据云南省防治艾滋病局负责人介绍,该项目将覆盖云南省29个县市区。该项目旨在通过采取各种综合防治措施,减少艾滋病在西南7省脆弱人群中的传播及其产生的影响,支持实现国家艾滋病综合防治策略。据悉,新的项目     

广西首家艾滋病健康教育培训基地在艾滋病综合防治中的应用

艾滋病是一种难以治愈但可防可控的严重传染病,它已成为严重威胁人类健康的公共卫生问题。为了更加有效的防治艾滋病,柳州市以实施第三轮艾滋病防治项目为契机,不断探索艾滋病创新模式,柳州市建立了广西首家艾滋病健康教育培训基地,本文对健康教育培训基地在艾滋病防治中的应用作进一步探讨。     

全球基金支持湖北省10个艾滋病防治示范区

2007年11月13至14日在武汉召开的湖北省全球基金艾滋病项目年会上获悉，第三轮中国全球基金艾滋病项目支持全省10个国家艾滋病综合防治示范区和两个省级艾滋病综合防治示范区，覆盖了全省70％以上的艾滋病病毒感染者，促进该省的艾滋病防治工作。     

参与式教学法在艾滋病防护教学中的应用

伊宁卫生学校承担了中国-澳大利亚新疆艾滋病预防与关怀合作项目——新疆医护学生艾滋病防治培训项目（以下简称项目）,项目要求在校医护学生必须接受专业教师关于艾滋病防护知识的系统培训。我校选择了新疆医科大学护理学院代亚丽院长主编的《艾滋病护理与职业防护》作为教材。因为这种项目教学与其他学科教学有所不同,所以我们采用参与式教学法并取得了良好的效果。参与式教学法包括头脑风暴法、小组讨论、角色扮演、案例分析、游戏和活动等,现介绍如下。     

第三轮山西省全球基金艾滋病项目管理模式的探讨

目的：总结山西省全球基金艾滋病项目管理经验。方法：从6个方面对山西省实施全球基金艾滋病项目的管理进行阐述。结果：全球基金艾滋病项目从2004年9月开始在山西省实施，项目运作和管理模式不断创新、完善。结论：全球基金艾滋病项目的实施在山西省取得了一定的成效，探索出了一些可持续性发展的艾滋病防治模式，基本建立了“政府组织领导，各部门各负其责，全社会共同参与”的艾滋病防治工作局面。     

大学生预防艾滋病教育研究

为评价近年来艾滋病(AIDS)宣传教育的效果和力度,选择西安市两所医学专科学校的学生,进行艾滋病防治调查,并进行了健康干预。结果提示,学校健康教育(特别是性心理教育)对提高学生防御艾滋病等各种疾病的能力有重要意义,有待于进一步加强。     

Expansion of China’s free antiretroviral treatment program

Background  In 2003, China’s National Free Antiretroviral Treatment Program (NFATP) was initiated as a pilot, which covered only 100 HIV/AIDS patients. By 2011, the pilot had evolved into a nationwide program and had provided free treatment for over 150 000 patients. The objective of this study was to report and evaluate the progress of China’s free antiretroviral treatment program.

Methods  The NFATP Database was systematically reviewed and a total of 150 692 HIV/AIDS patients were included in this study. Program progress indicators including the number of treated HIV/AIDS patients, follow-up visit rate, CD4 test rate, and viral load test rate were summarized and examined over a calendar year to evaluate the progress of NFATP quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results  By the end of 2011, a total of 150 692 HIV/AIDS patients had been treated through the NFATP and 122 613 of them were still on treatment. Of all patients, about 72% were enrolled during the past four years. The dominant transmission route was blood related in the early phase of the NFATP, but gradually changed to sexual contact. Besides quantitative improvements, progress indicators also demonstrated significant qualitative improvements that the program had made during the past 9 years.

Conclusions  Great achievement has been made by China’s NFATP. China’s experience indicates the importance of a comprehensive response to the success of its treatment program. However, to ensure the quality and sustainability of treatment in the long term, more attention and resources should be paid towards program management.

     

亳州市谯城区中学生艾滋病相关知识水平的变化分析

目的 了解毫州市谯城区中学生艾滋病相关知识水平的变化情况,评估近年来艾滋病宣传教育活动对中学生艾滋病相关知识的影响.方法 分别在2006年12月和2008年12月分层整群抽取882名和627名中学生进行问卷调查.结果 中学生艾滋病知识知晓率在2008年较2006年有明显提高,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但在艾滋病一般知识和性传播途径的问题上回答错误率仍较高.结论 中学生艾滋病知识知晓率较项目启动之初有较大的提高,但有待于全面提高.     

利辛县2007～2008年暗娼艾滋病相关知识和行为的变化分析

目的 了解利辛县2007～2008年娱乐场所暗娼艾滋病防治知识知晓程度及性行为改变情况,评估艾滋病项目活动的效果.方法 由经过培训的调查员用统一的艾滋病专项调查问卷对娱乐场所的暗娼进行艾滋病知识和行为状况的调查.结果 利辛县娱乐场所暗娼的艾滋病防治知识总知晓率从2007年12月的81.80%上升到2008年12月的92.16%;暗娼最近1个月在商业性性行为中或与固定性伴使用安全套(每次都用)的比例在两年中差异没有统计学意义,但与固定性伴发生性行为时安全套的使用率2008年较2007年有所提高(P<0.05).结论 全球基金艾滋病项目的 持续开展提高了娱乐场所暗娼的艾滋病知识认知水平并促进了其行为改变.     

安徽省2006～2008年全球基金艾滋病项目指标分析

目的 分析安徽省全球基金艾滋病项目2006～2008年项目报表指标完成情况,为后期有针对性地制定项目工作计划提供依据.方法 汇总9个全球基金艾滋病项目县上报的报表指标,并对全部28个指标进行统计和分析.结果 截止到2008年12月31日,全省共完成指标22个,完成率78.6%;其中核心指标12个,完成9个,完成率达75.0%,非核心指标16个,完成13个,完成率达81.0%.未完成指标中,大多数系为绝对值,且与感染者/病人的基数有关.结论 经过近5年的努力,安徽省已基本完成了阶段性项目指标,部分指标已实现了终期目标.     

Supporting the health care team in caring for patients with AIDS

A multidisciplinary approach to AIDS health care is described that combines skilled generalists with subspecialists in oncology and infectious disease; incorporates assistance with the social, economic, and psychological sequelae of AIDS; and taps the resources available in the patient's community to staff inpatient and outpatient clinics. Many unresolved ethical issues posed by AIDS and the stresses of AIDS care are explored. The distribution of patients with AIDS as widely as possible throughout the physician community, publication of a newsletter of practical AIDS information, participation of staff members in decision making and formation of program goals, and collaboration with therapists have helped to reduce the stress of AIDS clinic staff members at the San Francisco General Hospital.     

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in New York City. Evaluation of an active surveillance system

In January 1983, the New York City Department of Health initiated an active surveillance program for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in 19 hospitals and a modified-active surveillance program in the remaining 69 hospitals. We reviewed hospital laboratory and autopsy records in 12 active surveillance hospitals and three modified-active surveillance hospitals six months later. Patients who had opportunistic diseases characteristic of AIDS diagnosed in 1982 (before active surveillance) and 1983 (after implementation of active surveillance) were matched against health department AIDS surveillance reports. For the 16 months we evaluated, 96% of patients identified with AIDS in the 12 active surveillance hospitals and 100% of those in the three modified-active surveillance hospitals had been reported to the health department. The delay between diagnosing a case and reporting it to the health department significantly decreased between 1981 and the first six months of 1983 in all hospitals. The proportion of cases reported within one month of diagnosis increased from 45% to 69% during this period. We conclude that the current surveillance program for AIDS in New York City is effective and that case reporting is sufficiently complete for accurate analysis of disease trends.     

界首市不同人群艾滋病相关知识及行为的现状调查

目的 通过对不同人群艾滋病相关知识及行为调查分析,评价全球基金艾滋病项目执行效果.方法 采取分层整群随机抽样的方法.随机匿名问卷调查农村居民439人,城市居民121人,中学生603人;采取方便抽样的方法,匿名问卷调查流动人群107人,晴娼44人,感染者/病人95人.结果 暗娼、感染者/病人、城市居民、农村居民、中学生、流动人口艾滋病知识平均知晓率分别为90.7%、98.3%、89.5%、84.3%、90.8%和86.2%;暗娼、感染者/病人、城市居民、农村居民、流动人口无偿献血知识平均知晓率分别为79.6%、100%、85.2%、68.6%和80.4%;艾滋病自愿咨询检测覆盖率88.3%;暗娼、感染者/病人、流动人群安全套使用率分别为86.4%、100%和13.1%.结论 6类人群艾滋病相关知识知晓率、自愿咨询检测覆盖率、无偿献血知识知晓率基本达到了<中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划(2006～2010年)>目标要求,但暗娼、感染者/病人安全套坚持使用率为94.7%和86.4%,没有达到100%,加强100%的安全套推广工作仍然是界首市今后预防艾滋病流行的重点工作.     

A program using medical students to teach high school students about AIDS

In the spring of 1987, 20 medical students from the Eastern Virginia Medical School of the Medical College of Hampton Roads were involved in a pilot program to teach about the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) to high school senior students in Norfolk, Virginia. The medical students received instruction about AIDS from basic science and clinical faculty members at the medical school in preparation for the project. All participating high school seniors completed a 15-item knowledge test about AIDS prior to the intervention and an equivalent posttest one week after the program was completed. T-test analysis revealed a significant increase in knowledge by students at all five high schools. Responses to 10 subjective posttest questions indicated that the high school students were interested in learning about AIDS and having medical students as their teachers. This program provides an example of how medical institutions can develop a collaborative community education project that contributes to the education of medical students.     

AIDS and the role of the HCFA

The Administrator of the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration (HCFA) describes HCFA's policies concerning Medicaid and Medicare benefits for patients with AIDS. He also provides a table of estimates of government expenditures for these patients over the next five years. HCFA is funding research related to the financing of AIDS care. The agency opposes paying for AIDS through a special disease-specific program and believes that AIDS financing must be a shared responsibility of the public and private sectors.