激活素A对Neuro-2a细胞电压门控钠电流的作用

目的：研究激活素A（activin A）对Neuro-2a细胞电压门控钠电流(INa）的作用及其机制，为激活素A在神经系统疾病中的应用奠定基础。方法：培养小鼠源性Neuro-2a细胞，分为IgG对照组和抗激活素受体ⅡA (ActRⅡA)抗体染色组，免疫组织化学染色观察ActRⅡA在Neuro-2a细胞中是否表达；将Neuro-2a细胞随机分为正常对照组和激活素A组，采用全细胞膜片钳技术检测激活素A对Neuro-2a细胞 INa 的作用；采用RT-PCR检测激活素A对血管活性肠肽(VIP)及诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS) mRNA表达的影响。结果：正常Neuro-2a细胞中可检测到ActRⅡA的表达；与正常对照组比较，激活素A明显增加Neuro-2a细胞INa（P< 0.05）；激活素A组Neuro-2a细胞VIP mRNA表达明显高于正常对照组（P< 0.05），而iNOS mRNA表达低于正常对照组（P< 0.05）。结论：激活素A具有增加Neuro-2a细胞电压门控Na+电流的作用，VIP和iNOS途径可能参与了激活素A调控神经细胞的功能。     

脑源性神经营养因子在预缺血模型神经保护中的作用

目的研究脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在预缺血模型中的表达水平及作用,以探讨缺血耐受形成的分子信号机制。方法制备SD大鼠大脑四动脉结扎模型及预缺血模型,采用免疫印迹、免疫沉淀等技术,检测各实验组中BDNF表达、其受体酪氨酸激酶受体B（TrkB）和下游蛋白胞外信号调节蛋白激酶（ERK1/2）磷酸化的水平变化。结果预缺血组BDNF的表达、TrkB和ERK1/2磷酸化水平较缺血/再灌注组升高（P〈0.05）,而TrkB受体的拮抗剂K252 a可以降低其升高的激活水平（P〈0.05）。结论预缺血激活BDNF-TrkB-ERK1/2信号通路实现其神经保护作用。     

阻断酪氨酸蛋白激酶Src表达对蛋白磷酸酯酶2A活性和tau蛋白磷酸化的影响

研究细胞内酪氨酸蛋白激酶Src对蛋白磷酸酯酶2A（PP2A）酪氨酸307位点（Y307）磷酸化和活性以及tau蛋白磷酸化的影响，为阿尔茨海默病脑内PP2A活性下调和tau蛋白异常磷酸化机制提供实验依据。体外培养小鼠成神经瘤N2a细胞，转染特异性阻断Src表达的siRNA，检测转染不同时间点PP2A Y307的磷酸化水平、PP2A的活性以及tau蛋白在不同位点的磷酸化水平。     

携强绿色荧光蛋白重组慢病毒的构建及其在原代培养SD大鼠皮层神经细胞中的表达

目的：构建携带强绿色荧光蛋白的重组慢病毒（Lent/EGFP）,感染原代培养SD大鼠皮层神经细胞,观察其感染能力及报告基因的表达水平。方法：采用PCR方法克隆EGFP cDNA;将EGFP基因片段亚克隆到慢病毒穿梭质粒多克隆位点内;用4质粒共转染系统在293ET细胞中包装出携带EGFP基因的重组慢病毒Lent/EGFP;重组病毒感染NIH 3T3细胞,FACS检测重组病毒滴度;Lent/EGFP感染体外培养的原代SD大鼠皮层神经细胞,共聚焦荧光纤维镜观察原代神经细胞内绿色荧光蛋白的表达情况。结果：基因测序证明克隆的EGFP cDNA与GenBank提供的序列完全一致;琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果证实EGFP正确插入pLenti6/V5TOPO;FACS检测病毒滴度为2×10⁶;在体外分离培养的原代SD大鼠皮层神经细胞中,重组病毒感染72 h后可见较强的绿色荧光蛋白表达。结论：采用改良的4质粒共转染方法成功构建了携EGFP的重组慢病毒载体;Lent/EGFP对非分裂的神经细胞具有较强的感染能力,且携带的EGFP基因可以在神经细胞内有效表达。     

高碘对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞凋亡影响的实验研究

目的研究高碘对原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞凋亡的影响，并对其机制作初步探讨。方法采用体外新生大鼠皮层神经细胞培养法观察不同浓度的碘化钾对神经细胞凋亡及其一氧化氮（NO）含量及一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性的影响。结果高碘可以诱发原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞发生凋亡，细胞凋亡率随碘化物浓度的升高而升高，实验组细胞的NO含量及NOS活性较正常对照组增高。结论高碘可以诱导原代培养的大鼠皮层神经元细胞发生凋亡，并呈剂量依赖关系，其机制可能与NOS活性及NO含量增高有关。     

C57小鼠LATl真核表达载体的构建及其对Neuro-2a细胞的影响

目的构建C57小鼠L型氨基酸转运载体1(LAT1)的真核表达载体,转染Neuro-2a肿瘤细胞进行表达,探讨LAT1对Neuro-2a细胞增殖及凋亡的影响。方法采用RT-PCR扩增出LAT1全长目的基因,定向克隆pcDNA3.1表达载体,构建pcDNA3.1-LAT1重组表达质粒,通过脂质体法将阳性克隆转染Neuro-2a细胞,经G418筛选获得稳定表达株后,用RT-PCR和western blot蛋白印迹法检测LAT1的表达情况。通过MTT法检测各组Neuro-2a细胞的增殖情况,并借助流式细胞仪检测LAT1对Neuro-2a细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。结果成功构建小鼠pcDNA3.1-LAT1真核表达载体,酶切和测序证实其序列正确,并成功转染Neuro-2a细胞建立稳定转染细胞系。MTT法显示转染重组质粒pcDNA3.1-LAT1的Neuro-2a细胞增殖速度显著高于对照组(P0.05),且流式细胞术检测转染组对Neuro-2a细胞具有促进增殖抑制凋亡的作用。结论转染pcDNA3.1-LAT1质粒的Neuro-2a细胞能成功表达LAT1蛋白,且LAT1对Neuro-2a细胞的增殖和凋亡均有显著影响,为进一步研究LAT1的生物学作用奠定了重要基础。     

脑源性神经营养因子对小鼠结肠平滑肌细胞的作用及其机制

目的 探讨脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对小鼠结肠平滑肌细胞(SMC)钙离子浓度及α-平滑肌激动蛋白(α-SMA)的影响及其相关调节机制。方法 Western blotting法检测BDNF基因敲除(BDNF^+/-)小鼠与正常野生型(BDNF^+/+)小鼠α-SMA表达水平的差异。培养原代小鼠结肠SMC,免疫荧光法检测SMC中酪氨酸激酶B(TrkB)受体的表达。同时以BDNF、TrkB受体阻滞剂(K252a)干预SMC,Western blotting法检测α-SMA和TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺信号通路蛋白表达水平的变化,钙离子成像法检测SMC内钙离子浓度的变化。结果 与BDNF^+/+小鼠相比,BDNF^+/-小鼠结肠α-SMA表达水平明显降低。SMC表达TrkB受体,在BDNF作用下,SMC中α-SMA、TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺信号通路蛋白表达量和细胞内钙离子浓度增加,且加入K252a可阻断以上变化。结论 BDNF可能通过TrkB-PLC-Ca²⁺信号通路作用于SMC,影响细胞内钙离子浓度及α-SMA的表达水平,进而影响肠道动力。     

Forskolin激活cAMP信号通路调控小鼠心肌成纤维细胞结缔组织生长因子的表达

目的：研究胞内环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）水平提高对小鼠心肌成纤维细胞（MCFs）表达结缔组织生长因子（CT‐GF）的影响及其信号通路。方法采用出生1周内C57BL乳鼠心脏分离培养原代MCFs,第3代MCFs使用腺苷酸环化酶激活剂Forskolin干预培养后检测细胞CTGF、蛋白激酶A（PKA）、p44/42丝裂素活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）及磷酸化p44/42MAPK表达情况。分别给予磷酸化p44/42MAPK抑制剂PD98509及PKA抑制剂Rp‐cAMPS阻断相关信号节点,检测细胞内PKA、p44/42MAPK、磷酸化p44/42MAPK以及CTGF表达变化。结果Forskolin干预培养MCFs细胞后,胞内cAMP水平提高,细胞活力下降,PKA表达上升,p44/42MAPK总蛋白无明显改变,p44/42MAPK磷酸化水平下降,CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达下降;给予PD98509抑制p44/42MAPK磷酸化后,PKA表达上升,CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达下调;Rp‐cAMPS抑制PKA活化后,p44/42MAPK磷酸化水平升高,CTGFmRNA及蛋白表达上调。结论Forskolin可以通过提高MCFs胞内cAMP水平抑制CTGF的表达,其作用信号通路为高水平cAMP上调PKA表达,降低下游p44/42MAPK磷酸化水平,抑制CTGF的表达。     

铁对帕金森病相关蛋白LRRK2激活的影响

目的：探讨微量元素铁对帕金森病相关蛋白富含亮氨酸重复序列激酶2（leucine-rich repeat kinase2,LRRK2）在多巴胺能神经细胞中激活的影响。方法：用柠檬酸铁铵（ferric ammonium citrate,FAC）和（或）6-羟基多巴胺（6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA）处理SH-SY5Y细胞24 h,通过Western blotting法检测LRRK2的磷酸化（p-LRRK2）以及LRRK2底物AKT的磷酸化（p-AKT）,免疫细胞法观察LRRK2在细胞内的聚集,DCFH-DA探针检测细胞内活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平。结果：FAC和6-OHDA都能使p-LRRK2和p-AKT水平升高,FAC与6-OHDA共同作用后p-LRRK2和p-AKT水平升高更加明显;铁可诱导野生型和G2019S突变型LRRK2在SH-SY5Y细胞内的积聚,但对D2017A型突变体没有影响;FAC和6-OHDA都可使SH-SY5Y细胞内ROS增加,FAC与6-OHDA共同作用后ROS增加更显著。结论：铁可促进多巴胺能神经细胞LRRK2的激活并使其在胞内聚集,从而引起细胞氧化损伤。     

PTEN与磷酸化tau蛋白水平在Aβ25-35诱导的AD样细胞模型中的变化

目的探讨在Aβ25-35诱导人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SH-SY5Y细胞和大鼠胎鼠皮层原代神经元细胞的过程中PTEN及磷酸化tau(Ser396)蛋白水平的变化。方法 40μmol/L和20μmol/L的Aβ25-35分别孵育SH-SY5Y细胞和大鼠原代皮层神经元,孵育后的不同时间点MTT法测定细胞活力,显微镜观察细胞形态的变化,免疫印迹法观测各时间点磷酸化tau(Ser396)蛋白水平来确定模型的建立;同时观察在此过程中PTEN蛋白水平的变化。结果随着Aβ25-35孵育时间的延长,SH-SY5Y细胞和大鼠皮层原代神经元细胞逐渐出现细胞活力下降,细胞胞体变圆,突起回缩甚至消失,细胞间连接断裂等现象,细胞磷酸化tau(Ser396)蛋白水平于诱导后6h升高,12～24h达到高峰;PTEN蛋白水平于3h左右开始升高,6～12h达到高峰,后逐渐下降,48h甚至低于正常对照组,且PTEN蛋白水平的升高先于磷酸化tau(Ser396)蛋白水平的升高。结论 PTEN与Aβ25-35诱导的阿尔茨海默病样细胞模型的发生发展可能具有一定的关联性,在其发生早期PTEN表达可能增强。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…