催化裂化汽油萃取-光化学反应深度脱硫的研究

从液液萃取-光化学脱硫工艺入手，研究光化学反应降解含硫化合物技术并探讨其动力学规律，同时还对光处理后的汽油烃族组成变化进行了考察。结果表明：光-磷钨酸-双氧水体系是催化汽油最佳的脱硫体系。1#、2#催化汽油含硫量分别降低了70％和80％，同时收率可达98％以上。光-甲酸(双氧水)-催化汽油体系中硫化物转化为水溶性砜和亚砜的反应符合一级反应动力学特征。     

催化裂化柴油康醇萃取脱硫的研究

以康醇为萃取剂，在正十六烷中加入少量二苯并噻吩构成柴油模拟体系，考察了单级萃取中稀释荆含量、剂油比、温度对脱硫率和分配系数的影响。实验结果表明采用溶剂康醇脱除催化裂化（FCC）柴油中硫化物是可行的，康醇是一种较好的萃取剂。建立了在模拟体系中二苯并噻吩的萃取动力学方程：r表现＝0.19ＣＡ－60.6以及不同温度和不同稀释剂含量下的萃取平衡线。模拟体系萃取脱硫适宜的条件为φ（稀释剂）为0.01～0.05，剂油质量比为1.5～2.5，萃取温度30℃～50℃在该条件下，对催化裂化柴油进行萃取精制，精制柴油的各项指标均得到改善。     

酮康唑乳膏的制备及临床应用

1 药物制备。酮康唑20g,二甲亚砜50ml,乳膏基质适量,全量1000g。取酮康唑溶于二甲亚砜中(水浴加热溶解)。另配乳膏基质,在乳化中温度降至60℃左右加入酮康唑二甲亚砜液,搅匀,至冷,即得。     

石油亚砜萃取柠檬酸的研究

我国某油田的柴油硫醚主体是五元及六元单环硫醚的混合物。该石油硫醚氧化所得产物,经分析研究证实为亚砜,能萃取柠檬酸,以氢键和柠檬酸形成萃合物。萃取平衡是个放热反应。△H为-5.213kJ/mol。80%石油亚砜甲苯溶液对柠檬酸水溶液(浓度为67g/L,含NaCl 60g/L)进行四级错流萃取(相比1:1,20℃),萃取率为99%,高于相同条件下磷酸三丁酯的萃取率。以6%NaCl水溶液对柠檬酸浓度为35.4g/L的80%石油亚砜甲苯液进行四级错流反萃(相比1:1,20℃),反萃率为94%。石油亚砜萃取含Ca~(2+)、Mg~2和Fe~(3+)的柠檬酸时能选择性萃取柠檬酸,但Fe~(3+)能同时被萃取。     

河水中半挥发性有机物测定方法的研究

目的：对河水中半挥发性有机物进行测定方法的研究,方法：用液－液萃取法／K－D浓缩技术与GC／MS联用,对苏州河水中的半挥发性有机物进行系统分析,在定性分析的基础上,用GD／FID对所检出的部分组分进行定量测定,结果：利用液－液萃取技术对河水中微量半挥发性有机物进行富集十分有效,可检测环境水样中半挥发性有机物,结论：GC／MS用于环境水样中有机物的分析十分方便,当严格控制实验过程中的每个环节时,本方法可以得到良好的准确性和重现性。     

各种单一和复方溶石剂对胆结石溶解的比较

胆结石来自本院外科术后患者，按胆结石剖面结构及化学成分为基础，把胆结石分为四类，即Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类，前三类为胆固醇胆结石，第四类为胆色素胆结石。并制各单一醚与复方醚乳剂－－复方甲基正丁醚、乙基正丁醚、甲基叔丁醚、乙基叔丁醚、二乙二氧二乙醚，以及复方二甲亚砜和复方二甲亚砜一乙基正丁醚等溶石剂，对四类胆结石进行体外试管溶石比较。实验表明，单一醚与复方醚乳剂对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类均有不同程度溶解，复方醚乳剂比单一醚溶石效果好，但对Ⅳ类溶石效果差。相反，复方二甲亚砜与复方二甲亚砜一乙基正丁醚对Ⅳ类这解性强，特别复方二甲亚砜一乙基正丁醚比复方二甲亚砜效果好，但对Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类几乎不溶。由此得出结论，即不同类型胆结石应这样不同溶石剂，胆固醇类胆结石应选择复方醚乳剂，尤其复方乙基正丁醚为最佳溶石剂；胆色素胆结石在这样复方二甲亚砜一乙基正丁醚。     

催化裂化汽油萃取-光化学脱硫的动力学模型

以在正辛烷中添加不同量和不同种类的硫化物为模拟体系，介绍了萃取一光化学脱除催化裂化（FCC）汽油中硫化物工艺，探究了该工艺的脱硫机理，并建立了脱硫动力学方程，其动力学方程为（-rA）=dcA/dt=0.4352cA-462.28, Ea=16.9kJ/mol, k0=1.19。并通过3种FCC汽油的萃取-光化学脱硫的实验数据对该动力学模型进行验证，结果表明：该动力学方程适用于1#FCC汽油和3#FCC汽油；对于2#FCC汽油，由于其烯烃含量比较高，对实验结果有一定的影响，因此，计算结果与实验数据存在一定的偏差。     

含菌丝体林可霉素发酵液的预分散溶剂萃取

以醋酸丁酯为萃取溶剂，采用预分散溶剂萃取法从含菌丝发酵液中直接萃取林可霉素。实验结果表明：由于胶状液沫、胶状气沫和菌丝体的相互作用，被萃取液中适量菌丝体的存在有利于萃取和分层，分层效果好于不含菌丝体的林可霉素水溶液。当发酵液的菌丝体含量控制在15～150g／L时，分层效果较好，油相富集迅速，在实验条件下一次萃取率最高可达78．6％。     

FCC汽油萃取蒸馏脱硫效果

开展了萃取蒸馏法脱除催化裂化（FCC）汽油含硫化合物的研究。在改进的Eliss气液两相双循环型蒸馏器上测定汽油在不同溶剂中的萃取蒸馏分离系数,筛选出N-甲酰基吗啉为最佳脱硫萃取蒸馏溶剂。在连续萃取蒸馏小试装置上,通过单因素试验考察了N-甲酰基吗啉的FCC汽油脱硫效果。优化的工艺条件：回流比1,剂油体积比0.7,塔釜温度160 ℃,塔顶精制油体积收率达64.18%,硫质量浓度26.03 mg/L,总脱硫率达86.30%。PONA分析结果表明,萃取蒸馏过程还能有效地将大部分高辛烷值的烯烃组分转移到低硫精制油中,可作为优良的欧IV标准高辛烷值汽油调和组分。     

催化裂化汽油中乙腈萃取脱硫的研究

以乙腈为萃取剂,在正辛烷中加入少量噻吩构成汽油模拟体系,考察了稀释剂含量、剂油比、温度对脱硫率和分配系数的影响.实验结果表明:采用溶剂乙腈脱除催化裂化(FCC)汽油中的硫化物是可行的,乙腈是一种较好的萃取剂.建立了在模拟体系中噻吩的萃取动力学方程:r表现=56.1×e(-16.1/T)CA以及不同温度和不同稀释剂含量下的萃取平衡线.模拟体系萃取脱硫适宜的条件为稀释剂体积含量1%～3%,剂油质量比0.8～1.2,萃取温度为常温.在该条件下对催化裂化汽油进行萃取精制,精制汽油硫含量达到欧Ⅳ标准.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.