头孢克罗在健康人体内的药动学研究

建立了高效液相色谱法并测定10名男性健康志愿者血浆中的头孢克罗浓度。结果表明：该方法简便、快速、精密度高、灵敏度好，血浆平均回收率为（102．18±4．01）％，平均日间及日内差均＜6％，最低检测限为0．05μg／ml。数据经3P87程序处理，血药浓度-时间曲线符合-室模型，其药动学参数为Ka＝2．76h-1，Ke＝1．22h-1，T1／2＝0．66h，Tmax＝0．52h及Cmax＝14．63μg／ml。     

兔的顺铂血浆浓度测定及药代动力学研究

顺铂血浆浓度用石墨炉原子吸光谱法测定，检出限为10ng/ml；线性范围为100－800ng/ml；样品加入tritonX-100后可直接进样测定，燕进行6只家兔静脉血顺铂药代动力学研究，2mg/ml剂量快速静脉给药，不同时间取静脉血进行顺铂血浆浓度测定，计算药代动力学参数得：t α/2=0.22h,tβ/2=23.4h,k12=0.34h^-1,K21=0.39h^-1,k10=0.30h^-1,CL=0.098L/kg/h,AUC31.22mg/h／L。     

5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯缓释片剂的相对生物利用度

采用毛细管气相色谱法测定18名健康男性志愿者多剂量交叉口服40mg国产5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯缓释片和进口5-单硝酸异山梨醇酯缓释胶囊后的血药浓度变化情况。单剂量研究结果表明，缓释片与缓释胶囊的Ka分别是0.2479h-1与0.2504h-1；Ke分别是0．1403h-1与0．137h-1；tmax分别是5．35h与5．36h；Cmax分别是377．09ng／ml与351．98ng／ml，缓释片的相对生物利用度为106．28％。多剂量研究结果表明缓释片与缓释胶囊的波动系数分别是1．97与1．86。     

两种氧氟沙星片的生物等效性研究

采用HPLC荧光检测法进行两种氧氟沙星片剂的人体药代动力学及生物等效性研究。8位男性健康受试者按交叉试验方案单次口服两种氧氟沙星片，经拟合优度比较其血药浓度－时间曲线符合一级吸收的一室模型，其主要药代动力学参数t1／2β、Cmax、AUC、Vd、CL、Tpeak北京片分别为6．16±0．67h，4780±825ng／ml，44651±3867ng·h／ml，60．35±977L，677±0．63L／h，0．97±0．26h；天津片分别为5．92±1．17h，4878±914ng／ml，44235±2641ng·h／ml，57．63±9．56L，6．80±0．41L／h，1．05±0．32h。北京片的相对生物利用度为10．2±9．7／，两种片剂的主要药动学参数之间的差异无显著意义。北京片与天津片生物利用度相当，两种片剂生物等效。     

上尿路感染性结石行经皮肾取石手术前后对IL-2、IL-6和TNF的影响

目的探讨上尿路感染性结石行微创经皮肾取石手术前后对白细胞介素-2（IL-2）、白细胞介素石（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）的影响,了解患者机体的抗炎免疫状态。方法选择行微创经皮肾取石术的上尿路感染性结石患者36例为观察组,另外选择门诊健康体检合格者30例作为对照组,测定并比较两组术前、术后24h、术后7d的IL-2、IL-6、TNF水平。结果观察组术前IL-2水平为（3．23±1．26）ng／ml,稍低于对照组的（3．80±1．32）ng／ml,但两组比较差异无统计学意义（P=0．0780）;术后24h[（1．75±1．14）ng/ml]显著低于对照组（P=0．0000）;术后7d[（3．98±2．24）ng／m1]略高于对照组,但差异无统计学意义（P=0．6998）。观察组术前IL-6水平为（0．64±0．16）ng／ml,显著高于对照组的（0．32±0．24）ng/ml,P=0．0000;术后24h[（1．97±0．78）ng／ml,P=0．0000]显著升高,术后7d[（0．56±0．36）ng/ml,P=0．0027]仍显著高于对照组。观察组术前TNF为（35．88±2．13）fmoL／ml,高于对照组的（26．12±1．12）fmol／ml,P=0．0（300;术后24h[（57．88±3.14）fmol／ml,P=0．0000]显著升高,术后7d[（30．78±1．33）fmo]／ml,P=0．0000]仍高于对照组。结论上尿路感染性结石有一定程度的免疫抑制,行微创经皮肾取石术免疫抑制在术后24h明显增加,其后逐渐恢复。     

盐酸曲马多泡腾颗粒的人体生物等效性研究

目的:研究两种盐酸曲马多制剂的人体相对生物利用度,评价其生物等效性。方法:18名健康男性志愿者按照两制剂两周期的随机交叉试验设计,分别单剂量口服参比制剂(盐酸曲马多片)和受试制剂(盐酸曲马多泡腾颗粒),剂量均为100mg,采用液相色谱-荧光检测法测定人血清中曲马多的浓度,用DAS软件计算各药代动力学参数并进行生物等效性统计分析。结果:参比制剂和受试制剂的主要药动学参数:Cmax分别为(353±84)ng/ml和(365±67)ng/ml;tmax分别为(1.8±0.7)h和(2.0±0.4)h;AUC0-36h分别为(2975±829)ng.ml-1.h-1和(3362±1145)ng.ml-1.h-1;AUC0-∞分别为(3217±926)ng.ml-1.h-1和(3709±1298)ng.ml-1.h-1;t1/2分别为(7.2±1.9)h和(7.6±1.6)h。两制剂的Cmaxt、max、AUC0-36h和AUC0-∞均无显著性差异,双单侧t检验结果表明受试制剂Cmax的90%置信区间落在在参比制剂的70%~143%范围内,受试制剂AUC的90%置信区间均落在在参比制剂的80%~125%范围内,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(113.1±23.2)%。结论:两制剂具有生物等效性。     

导数光谱法对兔体内安眠酮药物的药动学研究

利用一阶导数紫外分光光度法测定兔体内安眠酮血药浓度,在0.1～0.5μg/ml浓度范围内,239nm附近的峰-谷间半振幅与浓度呈线性关系,H=0.003621+0.07990C,r=0.9997。回收率为83.4％±1.9～97.0％±1.5(加入量为5.00～0.50μg/ml)。4只家兔一次口服安眠酮30mg/kg,测定安眠酮血药浓度,得到血药浓度——时间曲线呈二室模型。药动学参数为a=1.01h-1,β=0.22h-1;Ka=2.16h-1;K12=0.201h-1;K21=0.721h-1;Kel=0.301h-1;t1/g(a)=0.686h;t1/2(β)=3.13h;tp=1.07h;Cmax=16.44μg/ml;AUC=81.25h·mg/L。     

斑蝥素毒性及其药（毒）动力学研究

目的 研究斑蝥素对小鼠肝、肾毒性及其在小鼠体内的动态行为。方法 用小鼠半数致死量（LD50）及生化指标的变化来表征斑蝥素的毒性,用小鼠急性死亡率法测定斑螫素药物动力学参数。结果和结论 斑蝥素对小鼠肝、肾有明显的毒性作用,该药在小鼠体内动态变化符合一级动力学,呈二室开放模型,其表观药动学参数为:A=10.1mg/kg;α=1.56 h-1;t1/2α=0.44h;B=1.19mg/kg;β=0.123h-1;t1/2=5.63h;K21=0.274h-1;K10=0.700h-1;K12=0.709h-1;CL=0.071kg/kg·h-1;AUC=16.15 mg·h/kg;Vc=0.102kg/kg;Vp=0.264 kg/kg。     

伊贝沙坦胶囊生物等效性的评价研究

目的评价伊贝沙坦两种制剂是否生物等效.方法男性健康受试者24名,随机分成两组,交叉口服试验品与参比制剂各300 mg,在一定时间点取静脉血分离血浆,以HPLC法测定血药浓度,各受试者服药后的血药浓度经时数据以BECS软件处理得到主要药代动力学参数,Cmax、AUC0-tn, AUC0-inf经对数转换地行双单侧t检验分析,Tmax经Wilcoxon铁和检验,判断两制剂的等效性.结果试验品与参比制剂的T1/2分别为(14.3±6.3) h及(14.4±4.9) h, Tmax分别为(2.08±0.58) h及(2.12±0.61) h, Cmax分别为(2 370.7±834.5) ng/ml及(2 193.2±608.3) ng/ml, AUC0-tn分别为(15 460±7 007) ng·ml-1·h-1与(14 758±4 395) ng· ml-1·h-1,AUC0-inf分别为(17 051±7 105) ng·ml-1·h-1与(16 634±4 724) ng·ml-1·h-1.经统计分析试验药品与参比制剂的Cmax,AUC0-tn,AUC0-inf均在规定范围内.Tmax无显著性差异,试验品的相对生物利用度为(104.08±26.85)%(以AUC0-Tn 计算得出)和(102.25±24.80)(以AUC0-inf计算得出).结论两制剂生物等效.     

药理效应法测定黄芩苷及清热合剂的药动学参数

目的药理效应法测定黄芩苷及清热合剂的药动学参数.方法采用小鼠热板致痛模型,以镇痛效应为指标,测定黄芩苷及清热合剂的药物动力学参数.结果黄芩苷及清热合剂口服给药后体存药量的表观动力学过程符合一室开放模型,主要药物动力学参数黄芩苷为:Ke=0.131 h-1,Ka=0.428 h-1,t1/2=5.299 h,Tmax=4.000 h,Cmax=509.900 mg·kg-1,AUC=65.196 mg·h·kg-1,CL/F=5.802(mg·kg-1)/[h·(mg·kg-1)-1];清热合剂为:Ke=0.103 h-1,Ka=0.505 h-1,t1/2=6.725 h,Tmax=6.000 h,Cmax=7.000 mg·kg-1,AUC=39 075.500 mg·h·kg-1,CL/F=0.158(mg·kg-1)/[h·(mg·kg-1)-1].结论清热合剂及黄芩苷体存量的表观动力学过程均符合一室开放模型,中药复方清热合剂的达峰时间明显慢于单方黄芩苷.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Acupuncture Treatment of Vomiting

CASE HISTORY A female patient, 46 years old, head of the foreign affairs department of a certain university in Beijing, paid her first visit on October 9, 2006, with the chief complaint of vomiting for one month. She got vomiting after meals in early September. Before that, she had discomfortable sensation in the stomach due to angry with others, but she didn't pay much attention. Later, it developed into vomiting after eating. After the vomiting, the discomfort would be relieved, but with slight hypodynamia. She was once diagnosed as having 'neurogenic vomiting'. Having taken some western and Chinese drugs, the above symptoms were a little bit improved, but she would have nausea upon eating and with regurgitation. Because of the fear for vomiting, she did not dare to have food intake, with body weight reduction of 6 kilos in one month.     

Qiu Baoguo''''s Experience in Treating Consumptive Syndromes after Radio-Chemotherapies

Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the important modern medical therapies for malignant tumors,yet they can also bring about serious local and systemic toxic side reactions so to decrease the patient;'s life quality,manifested by a series of consumptive symptoms.Having engaged in the combined work of Chinese and western medicine for nearly 50 years,the research fellow Qiu Baoguo in Henan Provincial Academy of TCM has developed his unique views on the TCM study of consumptive syndromes.The author of this essay had once the fortune tO follow Dr.Qiu in clinic,and specially would like to introduce in the following Dr.Qiu's experience in treating consumptive syndromes after radio-chemotherapies for patients with malignant tumor.     

Insomnia Due to Deficiency of Both the Heart and Spleen Treated by Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Chinese Tuina

OBJECTIVE: To observe therapeutic effects of the comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen. METHODS: 92 cases were divided randomly into the treatment group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina) and the control group (treated by acupuncture-moxibustion). RESULTS: The therapeutic effect of the treatment group was obviously superior to that of the control group (the CHI2 test showed P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The comprehensive therapy of acupuncture-moxibustion and Chinese Tuina can give marked therapeutic effects for treatment of insomnia due to deficiency of both the heart and spleen.     

Analysis of CK-19,PDX-1,Nestin,Ngn3 in different donor islet purity in rats

Objective: To investigate if there are the CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells in the donor islets of different purity in rats. Methods: Thirty male adult SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Islets were isolated using digestion by ductal injection of collagenase. Group Ⅰ (n=10): Separating cell preparations were not purified, Group Ⅱ(n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% Ficoll400 ,Group Ⅲ (n=10): Islet sediment was purified with 25% and 11% Ficoll-400. The levels of protein of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin and Ngn3 were detected by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 was amplified by RT-PCR. Results: After two different purification methods applied, three islet preparations of different purities were obtained. The difference of islet purity was significant among various groups (P＜0.05). Compared with group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ,the protein and mRNA of CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin,Ngn3 were both higher in group Ⅰ; group Ⅲ was poorly expressed. Conclusions: The three different islet purity donor islet have different CK-19, PDX-1, Nestin, Ngn3 positive cells within them, indicating that there are some islet stem cells in the purified donor islet.     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.