Comparative effect of an essential oil mouthrinse on plaque,gingivitis and salivary Streptococcus mutans levels: a double blind randomized study

An open, randomized, controlled study with two parallel treatment groups was done to evaluate the efficacy of a Lippia sidoides essential oil (EO) 1% mouthrinse compared with chlorhexidine 0.12% mouthrinse, applied two times daily for 1 week, in the treatment of dental plaque and gingivitis. Fifty‐five patients were included in the study. The efficacy variables were the colony count of Streptococcus mutans from the stimulated saliva and periodontal indices on days 0, 7 and 30 after commencement of therapy. Twenty eight patients received chlorhexidine mouthrinse (Periogard^®) and 27 Lippia sidoides essential oil mouthrinse (Cepakill^®). The clinical and microbiological parameters were significantly reduced by both mouthrinses. No significant difference was seen between the two groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant reduction in the colony count of S. mutans in both groups (p < 0.05). Chlorhexidine treatment reduced more efficiently than L. sidoides, however, no statistical difference was seen, the efficacy of both groups was similar (p = 0.3). The results indicate that Chlorhexidine mouthrinse reduced plaque index, gingival bleeding and the number of CFU (colonies forming units) more efficiently than L. sidoides but did not reach statistical significance. This study demonstrated that Lippia sidoides EO mouthrinse is effective in reducing microbial plaque and gingival inflammation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

诃子的研究进展及质量标志物的预测

诃子是我国传统中药材,在云南、广东、广西、西藏等地均有分布,诃子在我国中医临床用药广泛,在蒙药、藏药中占有非常重要的地位。诃子化学成分丰富多样,主要包括酚酸类、鞣质类、三萜类、脂肪族类、黄酮类、挥发油、氨基酸类、微量元素、碳水化合物等。现代药理学研究表明,诃子提取物具有抗氧化、抗癌抗肿瘤、解毒、抗菌、强心、抗炎、免疫调节、抗微生物、促进支气管平滑肌收缩等多种药理活性。通过查阅文献,从本草考证、化学成分、药理作用等方面对诃子研究进展进行阐述,根据质量标志物的核心理念,从植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性、传统功效、药性、药动学、新临床用途和化学成分可测性等方面对诃子质量标志物预测分析,为诃子质量评价研究提供参考。     

诃子醇提物对动物胃肠运动和血清胃动素含量的影响

目的: 研究诃子醇提物对动物胃肠运动和血清胃动素含量的影响。 方法: 将实验动物随机分为空白对照组、吗丁啉（小鼠0.005 g·kg^-1,大鼠0.003 g·kg^-1）组,诃子提取物高、中、低剂量组（小鼠3.5,1.75,0.875 g·kg^-1,大鼠2.4,1.2,0.6 g·kg^-1）,按10 mL·kg^-1给药,采用小鼠在体胃肠运动实验、放免法检测大鼠血清胃动素含量和家兔离体肠平滑肌运动实验,观察诃子提取物对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进运动和大鼠血清胃动素含量以及家兔离体肠平滑肌收缩的影响。 结果: 诃子提取物高、中剂量对正常小鼠胃排空和小肠推进运动有显著抑制作用,可以降低大鼠血清胃动素的含量,对家兔离体肠平滑肌收缩有显著抑制作用,对氯化乙酰胆碱引起的肠平滑肌兴奋有显著拮抗作用（P<0.05或P<0.01）。 结论: 诃子醇提物对动物胃肠运动有抑制作用,其作用途径可能与M胆碱受体有关。     

Mutagenicity and oral toxicity studies of Terminalia chebula

The fruit of Terminalia chebula Retz. (T. chebula), which is a member of the Combfreetaceae family, is used widely in Asian countries as a traditional folk medicine, and its extract has been reported to be an anticancer, antidiabetic and anticaries agent. In our previous study, chebulic acid isolated from T. chebula extract was confirmed to show antioxidant activity and protective action against endothelial cell dysfunction. In order to support the safety‐in‐use of the ethyl acetate (EtOAc)‐soluble portion of a T. chebula ethanol extract containing 29.4% chebulic acid content, the prepared portion was tested in an in vitro mutagenicity assay, and a single‐ and 14‐day repeated dose oral toxicity study. In the bacterial mutation assay, up to 5000 µg/mL concentration of the EtOAc‐soluble portion, the numbers of colonies did not increase whether with or without metabolic activation. In the oral toxicity study, the single oral dose of the extract at 2000 mg/kg did not produce mortality or abnormal lesions in the internal organs of rats. The results of a 14‐day orally repeated dose showed that the EtOAc‐soluble portion of T. chebula ethanol extracts gave no adverse effects at dosages of 2000 mg/kg in rats in the study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

三参地萸汤对鼻咽癌放疗患者生活质量和预后的影响

目的:观察三参地萸汤对鼻咽癌放疗患者的增效减毒作用及对生活质量和转移的影响。方法:将120患者根据入院先后顺序按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组。对照组行调强放射治疗,并配合静脉注射用还原型谷胱甘肽钠。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加服三参地萸汤。两组疗程均至放疗结束后2周。记录急性放射反应情况;化疗前后采用欧洲癌症病人头颈专用量表(EORTC QLQ-HN35)评价患者生存质量;进行治疗前后实体肿瘤大小评价;检测治疗前后EB病毒DNA(EBV-DNA),血管内皮生长因子(VEGF),骨型碱性磷酸酶(B-ALP)和基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)。结果:观察组总有效率为83.93%,高于对照组的67.27%(P0.05);放疗结束时口腔黏膜、耳、唾液腺、咽、食管和喉的急性放射反应评分均低于对照组(P0.01);QLQ-HN35量表疼痛等7个症状评分均低于对照组(P0.01),张口困难等9个单一症状评分均低于对照组(P0.01);治疗后观察组血清EBV-DNA,B-ALP,MMP-2和VEGF水平均低于对照组(P0.01)。结论:三参地萸汤辅助放射治疗NPC患者,具有减轻放射性损伤,改善或稳定患者生活质量,提高临床疗效和预防肿瘤转移的作用。     

仙方活命饮加减方与西帕依固龈液治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎临床疗效比较分析

目的:比较仙方活命饮与西帕依固龈液治疗放射性口腔黏膜炎的临床疗效。方法:将98例头颈部恶性肿瘤接受放疗后出现口腔黏膜炎的患者随机分成3组,分别以仙方活命饮(39例)和西帕依固龈液含漱治疗(38例)为治疗Ⅰ、Ⅱ组,洗必泰液含漱治疗(21例)作为对照组,按WHO放射性口腔黏膜反应标准记录患者口腔黏膜放射损伤的程度,以视觉模拟评分法评估口腔黏膜的疼痛程度。结果:上述3组发生Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ级口腔黏膜炎,在中药治疗Ⅰ组(仙方活命饮)分别为21、12、5、1例;中药治疗Ⅱ组(西帕依固龈液)分别为15、14、4、5例;对照组(洗必泰)分别为0、3、3、15例;3组间比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=36.2,P<0.05);两个中药治疗组与对照组比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);中药治疗Ⅰ组与中药治疗Ⅱ组比较差异无统计学意义。3组间出现最高疼痛评分比较差异具有统计学意义(χ2=10.32,P<0.05);中药治疗Ⅰ组与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中药治疗Ⅰ组与中药治疗Ⅱ组、中药治疗Ⅱ组与对照组比较差异均无统计学意义。结论:仙方活命饮和西帕依固龈液均对放射性口腔黏膜炎具有良好的疗效。     

Effects of three different doses of a fruit extract of Terminalia chebula on metabolic components of metabolic syndrome,in a rat model

There is documented evidence of the use of Terminalia chebula for various ailments in the Ayurvedic literature. The extract has been shown to possess glucose lowering activity and to improve insulin sensitivity in animal models of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was carried out to study the dose response relationship of this extract in a rat model of metabolic syndrome. Six groups of rats were fed a high fructose diet (HFD) for a period of 20 days to induce metabolic syndrome. Three doses of fruit extract of T. chebula 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg were administered orally and pioglitazone 2.7 mg/kg was used as a positive control. Blood samples were collected at days 0, 20 and 40 from the tail vein. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured using the tail cuff method and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was done on the day of blood collection. Administration of HFD for 20 days significantly increased fasting blood glucose (FBG), SBP and the area under the curve of OGTT. On day 40 the FBG in the 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg group was 97.33 ± 5.82 (NS), 86.83 ± 5.08 (p = 0.038) and 85.67 ± 6.74 (p = 0.15), respectively. These results show that the fruit extract of T. chebula exerts a significant and dose‐dependent glucose lowering effect in the rat model of metabolic syndrome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

通脉温胆汤对颈动脉粥样硬化IMT及血脂的影响

目的:评价通脉温胆汤对颈动脉硬化患者颈动脉内中膜厚度(intima-media thickness of carotid arteries,IMT)及血脂的影响。方法:采用随机、对照的临床试验,将符合纳入标准的120名患者随机分入治疗组及对照组,所有的患者均医嘱改善生活方式,在此基础上,治疗组给予通脉温胆汤(配方颗粒)1袋,2次/d,早晚餐后服用,阿托伐他汀钙20 mg,1次/d,睡前服用;对照组给予阿托伐他汀20 mg,1次/d,睡前服用,疗程共3个月,观察治疗前后患者IMT,血脂及中医症状的改善情况。结果:治疗后两组患者IMT及血脂均较治疗前有一定改善,IMT组间比较,差异无统计学意义,总胆固醇(TC)组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)组间比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),甘油三酯(triglyceride,TG)组间比较差异无统计学意义,两组患者眩晕改善情况差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),胸膈痞满改善情况差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),口黏腻改善情况差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:通脉温胆汤能够调节颈动脉硬化患者的胆固醇水平,改善患者的中医症状。     

中西医结合治疗膝关节退行性骨性关节炎的临床疗效观察

[目的]评价中西医结合疗法治疗膝关节退行性骨性关节炎(DOA)的疗效。[方法]采用随机、平行对照的试验方法,120例患者采用随机数字表法随机分成2组,试验组为伸筋透骨汤+玻璃酸钠,对照组为单纯玻璃酸钠组,疗程均为5周。所有患者经治疗后,均采用国际DOA的评分标准Lequesne指数评定膝关节休息痛、运动痛、压痛、肿胀、晨僵及行走能力并测量膝关节活动度。[结果]试验组总有效率为95.0%,对照组总有效率为70.0%,试验组总有效率与对照组相比,差异有显著性(P0.05)。试验组治疗5周后Lequesne指数评分、关节活动度与对照组相比均有改善,差异有显著性(P0.05)。[结论]中西医结合疗法能有效地治疗膝关节退行性骨性关节炎。     

藿香正气软胶囊对功能性消化不良脾虚湿盛患者胃动力及胃肠激素的影响

目的探讨功能性消化不良(FD)脾虚湿盛患者可能发病机制及藿香正气软胶囊的干预作用。方法选择100例FD脾虚湿盛患者,治疗组给予藿香正气软胶囊+淀粉片,阳性对照组给予多潘立酮+治疗模拟剂,治疗28 d,观察治疗前后症状积分、药效判定标准、胃排空观测、胃动素(MTL)、胃泌素(GAS)、一氧化氮(NO)、五羟色胺(5-HT)等指标,同时与阳性对照、健康对照比较。结果藿香正气软胶囊治疗组治疗后上腹胀满、早饱、口黏腻、恶心、呕吐、大便积分明显降低(P<0.05),而食欲不振、嗳气积分无明显降低(P>0.05);与多潘立酮治疗组治疗后上腹胀满、早饱、口臭、口黏腻积分无明显差异(P>0.05),藿香正气软胶囊对FD患者胃排空有明显的促进作用(P<0.01),藿香正气软胶囊及多潘立酮治疗后两组5-HT水平明显增加,其中藿香正气软胶囊组治疗增加显著(P<0.05),藿香正气软胶囊组治疗后NO水平明显增加(P<0.05),藿香正气软胶囊及多潘立酮组治疗后GAS无明显变化(P>0.05),藿香正气软胶囊增加MTL作用明显(P<0.05)。结论藿香正气软胶囊能够改善FD脾虚湿盛患者临床症候、促进胃排空、调节胃肠激素水平。