基于CT图像的评分模型预测食管鳞癌喉返神经旁淋巴结转移风险

目的:基于原发肿瘤及淋巴结CT特征建立评分模型预测食管鳞癌患者喉返神经旁淋巴结(RLN-LN)转移风险。方法:回顾性收集2014年1月至2019年12月于北京大学肿瘤医院行食管癌根治术并清扫RLN-LN的92例食管鳞癌患者。根据术后淋巴结病理结果分为RLN-LN转移组(n=37)和非转移组(n=55)。评估术前CT图像,记录食管癌患者年龄、性别、分化程度、肿瘤位置、肿瘤大小(肿瘤长度、肿瘤厚度、厚度/长度)、RLN-LN大小(淋巴结短径、长径、短径/多平面重建(MPR)最长径]。采用多元logistic回归筛选独立预测因子并建立评分模型,采用ROC曲线评估评分模型及独立预测因子诊断RLN-LN转移的效能,采用Z检验比较曲线下面积(AUC)的差异。应用Hosmer-Lemeshow检验和校准曲线评估模型拟合度。结果:肿瘤位置、肿瘤长度、RLN-LN短径、短径/MPR最长径是RLN-LN转移的独立预测因子,其诊断RLN-LN转移的AUC分别为0.586、0.705、0.831、0.777。基于以上4个CT特征建立评分模型,评分模型诊断RLN-LN转移的AUC为0.903(95%CI 0.846~0.959),优于各单一CT特征(Z=5.812,P<0.001;Z=2.161,P=0.030;Z=2.929,P=0.003;Z=4.052,P<0.001)。拟合优度Hosmer-Lemeshow检验结果显示P=0.555,校准曲线提示评分模型预测RLN-LN转移风险与实际转移风险之间具有良好的一致性。结论:基于CT图像的评分模型有助于食管鳞癌RLN-LN转移状态危险分层。     

肾上腺静脉成像在原发性醛固酮增多症诊断中的研究进展

原发性醛固酮增多症是继发性高血压常见的病因之一，其分型和病变定位对于临床治疗方法的选择及其预后具有重要的临床意义。影像检查包括肾上腺静脉采血、增强多层螺旋CT以及非增强MR血管成像等，其中增强多层螺旋CT成像可清楚显示肾上腺静脉的形态和位置。将常用的评价肾上腺静脉的影像检查方法加以阐述，并讨论其研究进展和发展趋势。     

腰椎骨母细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿的诊断分析

目的探讨腰椎骨母细胞瘤及动脉瘤样骨囊肿的影像特征及鉴别诊断。方法分析1例腰椎骨母细胞瘤伴动脉瘤样骨囊肿病人的CT和MRI表现及临床病理特征,并复习相关文献。结果 CT示病变呈膨胀型骨质破坏区,周围可见硬化,病变内可见斑点样高密度影。MRI示L3-4右侧附件区可见类圆形异常信号区,T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI上呈等高信号,并可见"液-液"平面分层,伴相应水平脊髓受压、椎管狭窄。动态增强扫描病变呈明显不均匀强化,L3椎体骨髓亦呈强化效应改变。手术病理为骨母细胞瘤。结论腰椎骨母细胞瘤及动脉瘤样骨囊肿临床虽少见但其CT及MRI表现具有一定特征,有助于本病的诊断及鉴别诊断。     

地塞米松增强L02细胞P-糖蛋白的表达作用机制的初步研究

目的 探讨地塞米松对人正常肝细胞株L02细胞P-糖蛋白(P-gp)表达的影响,以及磷酸肌醇-3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)途径在调控P-gp表达中的作用.方法 采用Western blot检测体外培养L02细胞P-gp与Akt的表达水平,比较经地塞米松、PI3K/Akt酶抑制剂LY294002及两者联合处理24 h前后L02细胞P-gp表达水平的变化及地塞米松处理24 h前后L02细胞Akt表达水平的差异,分析L02细胞P-gp表达与PI3K/Akt表达之间的关系.结果 10 μmol/L地塞米松刺激24 h后L02细胞P-gp及Akt表达水平较刺激前分别显著增加60.8％ (P =0.026 7)和25.0％ (P =0.035 8);L02细胞中P-gp表达水平与Akt表达水平之间呈显著正相关(Pearson系数=0.87,P＜0.01);LY294002(20 μmol/L)处理组L02细胞P-gp表达水平较对照组(未处理组)显著降低33.8％ (P =0.018 4);地塞米松单独处理组和地塞米松与LY294002联合处理组L02细胞P-gp表达水平分别是对照组的(163.5±18.4)％和(130.1±22.0)％,两者间相差显著(P =0.031 3).结论 地塞米松可能通过激活PI3 K/Akt途径诱导L02细胞P-gp增强表达.     

浅谈温病学及达原饮

<正>温病有别于伤寒,并且温病是在伤寒的基础上发展而完善的一门独立的学科。早在《难经·五十八难》就有提到温病,说:"伤寒有五,有中风,有伤寒,有湿温病"。说明温病与广义的伤寒是隶属关系,温病与狭义的伤寒是外感病中性质完全不同的两类疾病,两者是并列关系经过不断发展到明清时期才形成一个较完整的体系,到了清代就有了对温病病因病机的阐述。治法上与伤寒也大不相同。一般用辛寒清热,苦寒泻心,甘寒生津,咸寒滋阴,甘淡渗湿,芳谷化浊等治法。     

Effects of electroacupuncture of different frequencies on SP and VIP expression levels in colon of rats with slow transit constipation

Objective

To observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) of different frequencies on the expression levels of substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in the colon of rats with slow transit constipation (STC).

Methods

One hundred healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a low-frequency EA group, a high-frequency EA group and a variable-frequency EA group, with 20 rats in each group. The rats in the normal group were fed with normal diet. The rats in the other groups were fed with phenethylpiperidine in the diet at a dose of 8 mg/(kg·bw) per day, for 120 d, to establish the STC model. Rats in the normal group and the model group did not receive any treatment; rats in the low-frequency EA group were treated with 2 Hz continuous wave EA, rats in the high-frequency EA group were treated with 100 Hz continuous wave EA, and rats in the variable-frequency EA group were treated with 2 Hz/100 Hz sparse-dense EA. The current intensity of the EA was determined by the slight vibration of the rat limbs without painful screaming. The intervention was performed once a day, 15 min/time for continuous 15 d. After treatment, the intestinal transit function and the expression levels of SP and VIP in the colon of the rats in each group were determined.

Results

After treatment, the defecation duration of the first dark stool in the model group was significantly longer than that in the normal group (P<0.05); the defecation durations of the first dark stool in the low-frequency EA group, high-frequency EA group and variable-frequency EA group were significantly shorter than the duration in the model group (all P<0.05); compared with the low-frequency EA group, the first dark stool defecation duration of rats in the variable-frequency EA group was significantly shorter (P<0.05); compared with the normal group, the SP and VIP expression levels in the colon of the model group were significantly decreased (both P<0.01); the SP and VIP expression levels in the colon of the low-frequency EA group, the high-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly higher than those in the model group (all P<0.05); compared with the high-frequency EA group, the SP expression levels in the colon in the low-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly increased (both P<0.05); compared with the low-frequency EA group, the VIP expression levels in the colon in the high-frequency EA group and the variable-frequency EA group were significantly increased (both P<0.05).

Conclusion

EA improves the intestinal function of STC model rats by regulating the expression levels of SP and VIP in rat colon. The EA stimulation with 100 Hz continuous wave, 2 Hz/100 Hz sparse-dense wave shows a better improvement in the colonic transit function in STC rats, followed by 2 Hz continuous wave.

     

功能训练联合舌针治疗多脑卒中吞咽障碍疗效研究

目的:客观评价舌七针在治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍中的疗效。方法:将60例脑卒中后存在吞咽障碍的患者纳入研究,以治疗第14天为疗效评价时点,对治疗组(针刺加吞咽功能训练)30例与对照组(单纯吞咽功能训练)30例,进行平行、随机、对照临床研究,采用统一疾病严重程度判定标准和疗效判定标准,客观评价舌七针的疗效与实用性。结果:治疗后,治疗组治愈6例,显效8例,有效10例,有效率为80.00%,对照组治愈3例,显效7例,有效8例,有效率为60.00%,两组有效率比较,治疗组优于对照组,经治疗后,两组饮水试验评分均较治疗前降低,治疗组评分结果显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),且观察组的吞咽功能障碍评分,较之对照组下降明显,差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。治疗后两组日常生活能力量表得分,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),实验组低于对照组。治疗组在治疗后0、4、6分水平阶段的患者的吞咽能力均较对照组有显著性的提高。治疗组与对照组相比并无明显不良反应产生。结论:舌七针治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍,临床疗效明显具,有临床推广价值。     

前列腺癌及直肠癌对盆腔筋膜侵犯的MRI表现

目的 探讨前列腺癌及直肠癌对盆腔主要筋膜侵犯的MRI表现特点.资料与方法 回顾性分析5例前列腺肿瘤侵犯尿生殖膈及Denonvilliers筋膜患者、4例直肠肿瘤侵犯直肠系膜或直肠系膜筋膜患者的MRI表现特点.结果 肿瘤对筋膜侵犯的MRI表现可分为直接征象和间接征象,直接征象为筋膜连续性中断,局限结节样侵犯；间接征象为脂肪间隙消失,周围淋巴结肿大.结论 MRI可以清晰地显示盆腔筋膜受累情况,对确定肿瘤分期有意义.